Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Historical records of groundwater levels in tubular wells are important for environmental studies in water resources field. Monitoring the level of groundwater sources is essential for their management as it provides the necessary support to estimate their quantity to identify possible changes in water flow. In Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil, groundwater is one of the main sources of water in several locations, being mostly used for public supply and agricultural activities. The prediction of groundwater levels is a matter of interest to public and private agencies, since they provide data for the construction of groundwater scenarios, necessary for the integrated management of water resources. Methodologies structured in monitored data and using artificial intelligence in the context of machine learning were implemented to carry out the prediction of groundwater levels. The objective was to obtain models to produce the prediction of daily data of groundwater levels in monitoring wells in light of techniques based on programming and computer learning. From an architecture composed of empirical models guided by climatological data, machine learning techniques were applied to simulate the behavior of groundwater levels in different monitoring wells. Models were built from techniques of Artificial Neural Networks, Support Vector Machines, Random Forests and Gradient Boosting Machine. The results achieved evidenced the good performance in the use of methods based on machine learning, being approaches that present great advantages in view of their high accuracy and predictive attributes. The learning techniques and the structuring of models guided by climatological and spatial data showed high learning rates, which was demonstrated by the error estimators employed. Thus, this work proposes support tools for the analysis, development and implementation of methodologies for modeling time series of groundwater levels in monitoring networks.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Fundação de Apoio à Tecnologia e Ciência - FATEC

Major depression (DM) is among the most disabling mental disorders in the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 300 million people are affected by DM. The disorder is characterized by a set of signs and symptoms, which include depressed mood, anhedonia, ideas of regret and guilt, eating and sleep disorders, among others. DM is highly related to suicide rates. Worryingly, a significant portion of patients with DM are refractory to available antidepressant agents (approximately 30 to 50%), and these are considered to have treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The pathophysiology of DM, as well as of TRD, is still not fully elucidated. However, oxidative stress and the inflammatory process may be important mechanisms involved in these processes. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether oxidative and inflammatory markers may be involved in resistance to fluoxetine treatment in mice submitted to a depressive-like behavior induction protocol. For this, the chronic corticosterone administration (ACC) model was used. To stratify the animals into treatment-responsive (fluoxetine) and non-responsive, the tail suspension test was used. In addition to this behavioral test, the animals were evaluated in the forced swim test, elevated plus maze and open field test. After the behavioral tests, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples and brain structures (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and striatum) were taken for oxidative and inflammatory analyses. It was observed that the animals that had a worse response to fluoxetine in the tail suspension test, showed an anxious-like behavior in the elevated plus maze test and a longer fight time in the forced swim test. Furthermore, this same group of animals had higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lower catalase activity in the hippocampus. It was also shown that animals resistant to fluoxetine had increased peripheral levels of IL-17 and INF-γ when compared to the levels of these cytokines in animals that had a good response to fluoxetine. Thus, it can be suggested that refractoriness to antidepressant treatment with fluoxetine may be related to a hippocampal oxidative imbalance, as well as an increase in peripheral interleukins.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a highly complex procedure that can trigger a series of postoperative muscle skeletal complications as a result of the association with the extracorporeal circulation, compromising the metabolism of peripheral tissue and resulting in decreased functional capacity (FC) and loss of muscle mass. Ultrasonography is a fundamental instrument for musculoskeletal evaluation. In order to restore physical and psychosocial function, it is recommended the use of cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP), emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach, such as the inclusion of physicaltherapy. Therefore, among the physicaltherapy resources, there is functional electrical stimulation (FES). This study aims to investigate the effects of adding FES to CRP in post-CABG patients. It is a randomized double-blind clinicial trial involving 24 patients (59,5±9,44 years, 17 male) who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n=11) submited to FES Sham associated with CRP, and also an intervention group (IG; n=13) submitted to FES associated with CRP, during 12 weeks. The following outcomes were evaluated pre and post intervention: femoris quadriceps muscle thickness, femoris rectus cross-sectional area, vastus intermedius and femoris rectus echogenicity, pheriperal muscle strenght, muscular resistance, and submaximal functional capacity. In CG and IG there was significant increase in EMQ, femoris rectus cross-sectional area, pheriperal muscle strenght, limbs lower muscle endurance and quality of life and submaximal functional capacity of post-CABG patients. The quality of rectus femoris muscle increased significantly in IG compared with GC, while intermedius vastus muscle qualitative increased significantly in both groups. Low frequency FES combined with CRP reduced the the rectus femoris echointensity, which allows to infer that there was an increase in musculoskeletal quality compared to the patients who received FES sham. In this way, it is suggested the continuity of studies to elucidate the eficcacy of low frequency electrical stimulation implementation in cardiac rehabilitation patients

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Good posture is a consequence of many factors, physical exercise and ergonomic care are two of them. In the army physical exercise is based on military physical training (TFM), aiming to improve the cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance of the recruits; flexibility and posture are the consequence of good training, although they are not primary goals of the TFM. The aim of this study was to verify if postural changes occur in recruits undergoing TFM during one year of military servisse; for this, the sample involved 61 healthy Young men between 18 and 20 years of age recruited to compulsory military servisse, in three postural, anthropometric assessments and the application of the Normid Musculoskeletal Questionnaire before the first and third assessments. Postural evaluation was based on the SAPO software protocol, involving twenty-onde anatomical points measured in the anterior, right lateral and posterior views. Changing posture of recruits at seven anatomical points, the right lateral view showed the most improvements in postural symmetry, although the vertical and horizontal alignment of the head showed the opposite. The TFM offered benefits to the recruits’s posture throughout the year of compulsory military service.

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This work aims, from the observation of a specific model of reading the health-disease phenomenon and therapeutic suggestion of the 19th century, to analyze some of the nuances that marked the process of insertion of homeopathy in that century, within a framework of disputes over space and legitimation in relation to orthodox medicine and other varied formats of knowledge and popular healing practices of the period. The study of the content of a homeopathic manual of popular medicine from the end of the 19th century, the “Humphrey’s Mentor”, focusing on the format of the discursive elements and the definition of dissemination strategies by its author, seems to point out some ways to understand aspects of a broader panorama in the field of health in the period: marked by different interpretations about “health” and “disease” and by the existence of different practices and agents of healing, at a time when medical hygiene was being appropriated as a central element for intervention initiatives on bodies and spaces.