Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This research aims to investigate the blind spots in the legal treatment of disasters involving mining tailings dams. For that, it was developed based on Luhmann's Systemic Theory. Sociological authors such as Beck, and Disaster Law, such as Carvalho, Damacena and Tybusch, were also used as theoretical references. Divided into two chapters, at the beginning it deals with disasters as systemic, complex and abstract risks, and then deals with the formation of the meaning of disasters and their colonization by law. In the closing, the current guidelines for the legal treatment of disasters in general and, specifically, those involving mining tailings dams in Brazil, are outlined. Ahead the blind spots are explored, in order to point out alternatives to overcome them.

Asociación de Universidades Grupo Montevideo - AUGM

Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq

With the great advance in technology for education, one has to consider the way in which knowledge is offered in the digital spheres and its interference in student learning, since it only transposes the same resources from face-to-face teaching to online teaching. line does not match the needs imposed by this new modality. One of the aspects that can be considered for the qualification of online education is the cognitive load required for the presentation of content and the organization of technological environments, which is related to the mental effort of the student involved in the teaching and learning process. In this sense, the research problem was: What can help professors and institutions in identifying high cognitive loads and allow them to better balance them so that the student can reach the learning objectives in a more concrete way? With this in mind, the purpose of this thesis is: To implement the assessment of cognitive load in Education. To achieve this goal, first, an approximation of ideas and concepts was carried out in order to identify the convergences between the Cognitive Load Theory, the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, the Electronic Learning Guidelines and the Interface Usability Principles. From the identification of these convergences, it was possible to point out aspects for balancing the cognitive load in education, which are arranged in two categories: content presentation and organization of technological environments. Based on these aspects, two checklists were built in order to instrumentalize the assessment of cognitive load which, integrated with all the theoretical information studied, made up the FACCE Framework, hosted on the internet to ensure greater visibility of the tool. In order to identify evidence of the tool's quality, two evaluations were carried out. The first evaluation used the Cognitive Path technique, being applied with three experts in interface design in order to identify possible interpretation difficulties in using the Framework. Some of the inconsistencies identified in this assessment were changed in order to maintain regularity from one interface to another, improve the feedback presented and improve the readability of the information. The second evaluation was carried out with thirteen participants in a controlled environment, where they performed interactions with the tool through a previously stipulated script. At the end, they answered the SUS scale questionnaire, identifying problems related to Learning, Satisfaction, Errors, Memorization and Efficiency. After the analyses, the FACCE Framework reached 88.26 points, being classified as “best imaginable” among the quality levels of the usability of the interface. The results showed that the tool had good acceptance by those involved, being described as easy to use, easy to learn, with little or no errors or inconsistencies and good regularity between the interfaces. Finally, it is noteworthy that the participants claimed to have built new learning in the face of interaction with the tool and that they intend to use it frequently in their professional activities. With this, it is possible to conclude that the Framework has great potential among the target audience and can offer a better quality condition in the provision of education when used.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The diagnosis of street afforestation is an essential element in urban forest planning. In this way, it becomes necessary to develop methods to obtain qualitative and quantitative variables from the trees present in cities. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the application of tools based on geotechnologies to characterize and obtain dendrometric variables of street afforestation in the municipality of São Pedro do Sul, RS. Initially, it started with a census of the trees on the municipality's public roads. Then, the collection of the geographic position and the popular name of all the municipality sidewalks trees occurred for this purpose. Finally, the data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel® to create a table containing the individual's family, scientific name, and geographic position. After that, the aerial images collection happened in randomly selected streets, using the Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) model Phantom 4 Pro®. Pix4D Mapper® software generated the following data: Orthophotomosaic, Digital Surface Model (MDS). The computer application QGIS version 3.10 generated the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and collected data on the trees' height and their respective canopy area through photo interpretation. The Meanshift algorithm present in the ArcGIS Pro® computer application performed the automatic segmentation of the crowns. The height and canopy data inventory comparison happened using the conventional method and image analysis. RStudio software version 4.1.0 performed the data comparison and descriptive analysis. Data were validated using linear regression analysis, and the models were compared using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). The results indicate that using geotechnologies and field data allowed municipal street trees' spatial and diversity characterization. Regarding the variables analyzed, the methods showed no significant difference for the Meliaceae family (p-value > 0.05) and for the species Handroanthus chrysotrichus and Melia azedarach, (pvalue > 0.05). In addition, Fabaceae and Bignoneaceae families had a higher average height than the other families. The canopy area values were higher for the conventional method (p-value < 0.05), differing from the other methods. Automatic segmentation showed no significant difference compared to photo interpretation (p-value > 0.05). The conclusion says that the use of geotechnologies helps diagnose the urban forest, enabling spatial characterization and obtaining essential quantitative variables for planning. In addition, the use of data obtained by RPAS and image processing techniques are rapidly and constantly expanding, demonstrating efficiency and potential for use in road afforestation management.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Discurre de la Enmienda Constitucional 64/2010 la garantización del Derecho a la alimentación. Eso, solamente, no es suficiente para que todos los ciudadanos, independiente de su condición social, color, religión, etnia, tengan acceso a una alimentación adecuada para satisfacer sus necessidades básicas de supervivencia. Brasil es considerado uno de los países con más productores de alimientos, siendo referencia en las exportaciones, principalmente de productos derivados de la agroindustria, caracterizada por el monocultivo. Además de eso, se observa cada vez más un aumento de la depredación ambiental, así como de los recursos naturales, esenciales para la supervivencia humana, están dando paso a la producción de alimientos en gran escala, propia de las grandes empresas, debido a las fuertes características capitalistas de producción adoptados por países en desarrollo como el nuestro. Aunque Brasil sea un referente productivo mundial, esto no es suficiente para que parte de su población deje de sufrir las consecuencias del hambre, la pobreza y la mala distribución de alimientos. Además, el factor de la inseguridad alimentaria es preocupante, considerando la baja calidad nutricional de los alimientos que el mercado pone a disposición de la población brasileña. También se verifica que el que el monocultivo en gran escala contribuye para generar problemas sociales, poniendo en gran parte de los casos los pequeños productores en situaciones de vulnerabilidad, lo que conduce al éxodo rural, falta de espacios de comercialización, degradación de su lócus y desaparición de los conocimientos tradicionales utilizados en la producción de alimientos. En ese sentido, este estudio busca conocer cuáles son los límites y posibilidades de la Polifeira do Agricultor do Colégio Politécnico da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS (UFSM) en la consolidación de un espacio de referencia en el Derecho a la Alimentación. Para la realización de la investigación, devido al carácter interdisciplinario del tema, se adoptó el método de abordaje sistémico-complejo en vista del diálogo interdisciplinario que resulta de la comunicación entre las diversas ciencias presentes en este trabajo. Em La teoria base, mientras que la teoria de sistemas se apoya en las enseñanzas de Edgar Morin, Enrique Leff, Fritjof Capra. En cuanto al procedimiento, se utilizó la investigación bibliográfica y estúdio de caso, y como técnica de colecta de datos, se utilizaron registros, resúmenes y revisiones. Con esto, fue posible realizar uma recaptulación histórica y social y verificar las políticas públicas y las características y datos de la “Poliferia” de los agricultorees en relación al tema. En consecuencia, Polifeira es fundamental para garantizar el derecho a la alimentación, considerando su función educativa, económica, social y cultural.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Esta disertación aborda el tema de lasviolaciones de losderechos humanos y los programas de reparación antes de laJusticia Transicional, centrándoseenlarealización de unestudio comparativo entre Brasil y Argentina, despuésdel final de las últimas dictadurasciviles y militares enestos países, sobre laJusticia Transicional. y violación de losderechos humanos conrespecto a laefectividad de los programas de reparación. El trabajotieneun carácter predominantemente bibliográfico, citando autores reconocidos por suconocimiento sobre el tema. La determinación de conceptos y temas introductorios es de naturalezadescriptiva, cuyainformación se recopiló principalmente de doctrinas, artículos científicos y legislación anterior, yaderogada, para presentarsuhistoria y legislaciónactual, para señalarlos problemas actuales. Inicialmente, se utilizólainvestigación histórica, aportando elementos jurídicos y situacionesprácticas, puntuandocuestiones como lasviolaciones de losderechos humanos perpetradas sistemáticamente por el estado, la tortura, lasdesaparicionesforzadas y lossecuestros. Endesarrollo, cubreel tema de laJusticia Transicional, consudesarrollo, legislación y situaciónactual. La función de memoria, verdad y reparación, pecuniaria y endiseño y política publica. Al principio, se cuestiona si las condiciones, que prevén una Justicia de Transiciónaún incompleta, pueden ser mecanismos para remediar los impactos sociales de loscrímenes cometidos y elevar los niveles de democracia, evitando elregreso de regímenes políticos totalitarios. Enel caso de lajusticia de transición y lasreparacionesinstituidas, se enfatiza el sistema legal brasileño y argentino, enfatizando laAmnistía y lasLeyes relacionadas, lasdeclaraciones y documentos construidos por lasComisiones de laVerdad. Sociedad civil y organizaciones para labúsqueda de la memoria y laverdad. La disertacióntambién aborda lacuestión de loslímites de efectividad que puedetenerlareparación, ya que algunasviolaciones de losderechos humanos nunca puedentener sus efectos corregidos a un estado anterior.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de reencuadre de las marcas, más allá de la concepción del instituto de propiedad industrial, para promover la observancia de la dimensión ambiental en el ámbito de la industria de la moda. En una sociedad en red y de consumo, en materia de propiedad industrial, era necesario cambiar la actitud del mundo empresarial, especialmente en la industria de la moda, ante el impacto de la revolución de las tecnologías de la información en la relación entre marcas y consumidores. El conocimiento difundido en los principales medios de comunicación y, actualmente, en las redes sociales, sobre los impactos ambientales de la industria de la moda, especialmente bajo el modelo capitalista de la moda rápida, requirió la transformación de las marcas, especialmente las marcas de moda, con una creciente superación del sesgo patrimonialista de este tipo de propiedad, con el fin de promover un impacto social positivo con la inserción de dimensiones de sustentabilidad en su cadena productiva. Así, el presente estudio se guía por la pregunta: ¿hasta qué punto la resignificación de las marcas, más allá de la concepción del instituto de propiedad industrial, puede promover la observancia de la dimensión ambiental en el ámbito de la industria de la moda (?). Por tanto, se presenta una descripción de aspectos de la transformación de la sociedad (pos) moderna y su relación con el (hiper) consumo, y se verifica el papel de la marca y el desempeño de la industria de la moda, desde la perspectiva del modelo capitalista de corriente de consumo llamada moda rápida. Además, se expone la legislación relativa a la propiedad industrial, con énfasis en el papel tradicional de las marcas como signo distintivo de carácter eminentemente económico, así como los posibles cambios en el desempeño de las marcas y su aproximación a las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad. Finalmente, se examinan las perspectivas actuales de las marcas en la industria de la moda brasileña, a través del análisis del modelo de moda rápida, desde la perspectiva del principio de trazabilidad, así como la transformación del significado de las marcas y la posibilidad de convergencia entre los dimensiones de la sostenibilidad, especialmente ambiental. Para dar respuesta al problema propuesto, el enfoque utilizado es el sistémico-complejo, ya que configura un método que permite la investigación interdisciplinaria. Como teoría básica se utilizarán autores como Gilles Lipovetski, Zygmunt Bauman, Antony Giddens, Denis Borges Barbosa y João de Gomes Cerqueira, Juarez de Freitas e Ignacy Sachs. En cuanto al procedimiento de investigación, se hará hincapié en la investigación bibliográfica. Finalmente, la investigación permitió concluir que hay avances en el desempeño de las marcas en el camino hacia su redefinición promoviendo la dimensión ambiental de la sustentabilidad. Sin embargo, esta resignificación aún se encuentra en una etapa incipiente y aún queda un largo camino por recorrer para superar la dimensión económica de las marcas.

This research is based on the idea that democracy can be defined as “government of the people”, which is understood as a regime of government where the people - in this case, the citizens - have sovereignty for making political decisions, through representation or directly, with constitutional and legal mechanisms, that guarantee popular participation in the public sphere, whether in the Executive, Legislative or Judiciary branches. From the Brazilian re-democratization process that took place in the 1980s and from the Constitution in 1988, there was a gradual expansion of the role of the Supreme Federal Court (STF) as the highest judicial body at the national level. In order to harmonize the powers conferred on the STF with democratic principles, it was possible that during the processes there was the exercise of participatory democracy through public hearings. On these occasions, civil society representatives (as specialists on technical issues) are given the opportunity to participate in the decision-making mechanism regarding matters of public interest, object of the presented judicial demands. This practice, together with the information and communication technologies currently made available to the constitutional body, would have the power to improve democratic participation in the Judiciary. Thus, the objective was to explore the problem of defining democracy; assess the development of democratic theories until the advent of participatory democracy; argue about the assumptions of the STF powers expansion regarding the concentrated control of constitutionality; discuss the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the judicial environment; finally, to carry out a qualitative and quantitative study of the empirical operationalization of these through the political-legal techniques already made available to the various social actors involved in order to answer the following question: to what extent public hearings promoting democratic legitimation? The method of analysis is based on literature review and case study about Supreme Court Public Hearings. After analyzing these audiences, it was found that several dynamics of their realization must be changed in order to respond to the wishes of participatory democracy. The transformations permeate since the lack of transparency of the calling mechanisms and qualification criteria of the demonstrators; the lack of an effective constructive debate; and to the exaggerated individualism of the Ministers on several occasions. It was concluded that only after a change in conception can we speak, in fact, of a real democratic participation within the STF.

O Manual de Dissertações e Teses da UFSM tem como objetivo orientar e definir a forma de apresentação de trabalhos científicos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), abrangendo os elementos gráficos de organização e redação de dissertações e teses. Este documento engloba também a orientação de outros trabalhos acadêmicos, tais como: trabalhos de conclusão de curso de graduação, de pós-graduação e de iniciação científica. A Comissão responsável pela edição do Manual de Dissertações e Teses da UFSM preocupou-se em oferecer ao leitor um guia prático e objetivo quanto à forma de tratar os conteúdos e regras metodológicas, pautado tanto pelas necessidades cotidianas e eventuais do ato de produzir conhecimento e de sua orientação, como pela atualização das normas referentes à apresentação de trabalhos científicos.

Leukemias consist of a group of malignant neoplasms whose main characteristic is the clonal expansion of immature hematopoietic progenitor cells that do not bleed in the bone marrow. They are divided into acute and chronic and myeloid and lymphoid (AML). Or present this study as an objective, write an integrative review on the epidemiological profile of patients with acute myeloid leukemia, which is based on the use of scientific papers available in the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases between the years 2015 and 2020, in Portuguese, English and Spanish. For the search for two articles, for the following descriptors: “Acute myeloid leukemia” and “Epidemiological profile”. Forms of the following inclusion criteria for the selection of two articles and papers: texts published in Portuguese, English (Acute myeloid leukemia, Health Profile) and Spanish (Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Health Profile), published in the period from 2015 to 2020. Two 26 items found, 21 were excluded from the investigation because they did not meet our inclusion criteria. Two 5 jobs included in the present study, there is a prevalence of jobs published in 2016 and 2017, both with 40% each, followed by 2018 with 20%. The higher the incidence of AML was in males, with AML M3 in September, respectively, or the most frequent subtype and cause of death. In studies with children with older children, the majority of cases were between 4 and 10 years old. Regarding ethnicity, 66.67%, two articles that address this characteristic, presenting individuals of white ethnicity. We found a growth trend, in addition to some studies that address the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with AML. Only two studies addressed two individuals with the most common subtype of AML survival. Based on the epidemiological data presented, this study can be used as an incentive in the construction and development of public policies for the diagnosis and treatment of AML. The constant updating of two epidemiological data will result in advances in the quality of care provided to these patients, contributing to an increase in the cure rate after death.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

In the context of sustainability in public constructions, two aspects can be highlighted: the civil construction has high economic impact in Brazil, while local governments are major buyers and hirers of such services. Local governments are also change inductors regarding patterns of production and consumption, that being on the role of policy-makers, regulators or large-scale consumers. Therefore, government’s actions that contribute to improve the efficiency of productive systems and processes of inputs management have great impact for its scale and reach. It is inside this realm that this research is inserted, on account of applying criteria of sustainability in public constructions’ projects. In a particular way, the intention is to study the municipality of Santa Maria, where the public bidding of public constructions is currently under the Municipal Executive Decree nº 007, which regulates the article 15 of the law nº 8.666 in the municipal scale, that does not respond to the national concepts of sustainability under the article 3º of the same law. Hence, the scope of this research is to develop a method for the application of sustainability criteria in architectural and civil engineering projects of municipal public constructions. Albeit, without this method inflicting the existing regulations on both federal and municipal scales. The objective of this research is to develop, consolidate and evaluate a method for the insertion of sustainable practices in public constructions’ projects. In order to reach this goal, the Design Science Research (DSR) will be used as the research method. Opposed to the majority of approaches in academic research, that look for an accumulation of theoretical knowledge, the DSR has as its main purpose the comprehension and resolution of problems. This methodology is already consolidated in both national and international scope. The choice of methodology is justified by the development of a tool to solve a real problem. The tool generated by this research will constitute an integrated method to incorporate sustainability criteria in public constructions’ projects.