Repositório RCAAP

The present essay has as its fundamental focus the presentation and discussion of the different internalist Foundationalist Theories. We begin, in the first chapter, with a brief introduction to Epistemology, where we discuss some of the main concepts and epistemological notions that are fundamental for an adequate understanding of the challenges faced by foundationalist theories, including the classic Trilemma of Agrippa. In the following chapters, guiding the rest of the discussion, we focus on the presentation and discussion of Foundationalist theories. Foundationalist theories were portrayed under a Cartesian approach, a revised Classical Foundationalist approach (from BonJour, McGrew and Fumerton), and a moderate Foundationalist approach, portrayed by Pryor and Audi. Finally, a brief account of the Externalist Foundationalism assumed by Goldman is presented.

The present dissertation aims to investigate the ethical and political role of anger in scenarios of social injustices, by systematizing the contemporary philosophical debate about the emotion. This debate comprehends a myriad of arguments that can be divided in two groups: those that write a critique of anger from the moral and political perspective, and those that defend the presentation of anger on both spheres. In the first group there is Martha Nussbaum’s thesis (2016), which sustains that anger is essentially a retributive emotion and, therefore, it is normatively problematic and politically counterproductive. On the other hand, the arguments in favor of anger come from traditions of feminist and anti-racist authors that consider the individuals that are part of socially oppressed groups. In these traditions, anger plays a central role as a claim for recognition of injustices, and has an important role as a detector of social injustices, as well as a motivator of social action. Those opposite perspectives have been generating great and continuous productions in contemporary moral, political and social philosophy, and the present work systematizes this debate in order to characterize its ramifications and to develop a limited defense of one of the positions present in the literature. Therefore, this work presents a general guide about what constitutes anger, by beginning with an analysis of its cognitive, phenological, expressive and comportamental components, examining their implications on the ethical and political debate about the emotion. The pluralistic perspective of anger is analyzed, as opposed to the retributive perspective. Then, the moral debate of anger is systematized and analyzed, starting with the normative critique of the emotion, developed by Martha Nussbaum (2016), and then the defenses of anger that sustains its validity by considering moral agents that are socially oppressed. Finally, anger is analyzed as a productive emotion for the search of social justice, emphasizing an opposition with the criticism of the ineffectiveness of anger developed by Nussbaum (2016), and therefore defending the epistemic and motivational role of emotion.

This research project aims to recover and spread the memory of the Integrated Academic Journey (JAI) of the Federal University of Santa Maria, event that happens since 1984 in the city of Santa Maria/RS, where is located this sixty years old Institution, first University based in a city in the interior of a Brazilian state, founded in 1960. Due to the relevance to the academics from UFSM, for its researchers and externals, to remember this event that occurs for more than three decades, it is intended to consider the precepts of the archivistic theory to search for information recovery, its reunion and organization for then to perform a spread of the documental collection in physical and digital support and diversified material from each edition. With that, it has the purpose to maintain the memory of the JAI through the registries still today possible to be found. It is intended, with that, to analyze and present part of the available collection, by adding to it excerpts from testimonials to be captured with people involved in the organization of this event along the time aiming to contribute for the complementation of the documentation already existent in the Institution. Finally, in order to promote the diffusion of these registries a book about the JAI and its trajectory will be elaborated with the aim to give visibility to different interested public, turning it then a source for future research.

The importance of resources to integrate the strategy to the company's operations flow, point out the organizational structure as a critical factor for the creation and support of dynamic capabilities, which are determinant for the success of an organization. This study aimed to verify how the organizational structure influences the creation and support of dynamic capabilities in SMEs that belong to a cooperation network. The operationalization of the research took place through the following specific objectives: to understand how SMEs belonging to the Redefort Cooperation Network; are structured and what are the sustaining elements of the functional and operational dynamics of these companies; describe and analyze how the process of creating and sustaining the dynamic capabilities of SMEs belonging to the Redefort Cooperation Network takes place; analyze the existing relationships between organizational structures and dynamic capacity of SMEs belonging to the Redefort Cooperation Network. The study is classified, in terms of nature, as applied research; as for the approach, as qualitative, conducted by the technique of content analysis proposed by Bardin (2006); as to the objectives and purposes, as exploratory; regarding technical means and procedures, such as a case study. The results point to a relationship between organizational structure and dynamic capabilities. It was noticed that changes in organizational structure are driven by strategic decisions, which are generally associated with changes in external and internal conditions that SMEs face. When managers identify such changes, the organization is on the verge of changing its strategy and also its organizational structure to adapt to the market. The organizational structure presents itself as an alternative to circumvent the problem of contingent changes, thus establishing new configurations and actions to be adopted within this new reality expectation, via dynamic capabilities. Briefly, this relationship between organizational structure and dynamic capabilities is expressed in the following variables perceived in the research: management systems and tools, and team expertise (degree of specialization); delegation, decentralization and coordination capacities, the degree of decentralization; the ability to communicate, the degree of formalization and the ability to reconfigure. The thesis' contributions lie in the fact that this study involves management theory and practice, and points to an interesting relationship between organizational structure and dynamic capabilities, contributing a new look to studies involving these two theoretical constructs and raising more questions to be addressed. Therefore, it is suggested for future studies: to involve, in the research, not only the managers, but the other collaborators of the different departments of the SMEs; work in other lines of business, and other networks of cooperation to verify if the same relational dynamics perceived here occur; mathematically measuring the capabilities and degrees that relate organizational structures and dynamic capabilities, offering the academy structural equations or scales for this; also involve, in the research, some external agents, such as users, partners, suppliers of the studied organizational structures.

This Professional Master's research is inserted in the Research Line of Basic and Higher Education Management Policies at the Post Graduation Program in Public Policies and Educational Management (GPPP) at UFSM and concerns to the elaboration of an (In)formative Guide for Education Professionals who work in the management of the Secretariat of Education of the city of Santa Maria/RS. Thus, the following question is posed as a problem: how is it possible to (re)think the formative assessment for professionals of the Secretariat of Education of Santa Maria in order to elaborate an (In)formative Guide that dialogues with the main demands of the Municipal Management? As a general objective: to elaborate an (In) formative guide for professionals of the Secretariat of Education of Santa Maria, considering processes of information and management of municipal education. Similar to what happens with educational professional in schools, it is expected that those who are involved in the management of the Secretariat of Education may have moments of study, improvement and training in their respective areas of expertise. The research is configured as applied and implicit because it has as initial process the empirical reality of everyday life, that is to say, it was developed and put into practice in the work environment, having Bardin's Content Analysis (CA) as a perspective of analysis. The research directions and the elaboration of the guide were made through questionnaires answered by professionals of the Municipal Secretariat of Education (MSEd) for example professionals as drivers, administrative agents, teachers, receptionist, etc. All those who are part of the MSEd. A total of 88 questionnaires were forwarded but only 35 were answered. Thus, it is concluded that the professionals working at MSEd believe that these moments of formation and qualification of the work process are necessary as well as some of them are not aware of the demands of the other sectors even if all the processes are somehow connected. After the analysis possibilitated by the interpretation of the questionnaires it was elaborated an (In) formative Guide , which in a first moment was sent as a digital material to MSEd, through the e-mails of the Advisory and the Superintendence. In this Guide initially it was exposed how the MSEd is divided and which are the demands that each sector should take as responsibility in order to possibilitate that the roles and processes of each sector may be visible. It is also expected that based on this guide , specific trainings for the different sectors may be planned , as a way of qualification of the processes and also a possible standardization that regardless of the change of the government it may be continued.

The theme of practical wisdom in Paul Ricoeur's philosophy is constituted as a philosophical horizon that reflects intentional experiences in an ethical and hermeneutic scope, also directing itself to the practical field of moral judgment in a situation. The present research is intended to analyze the theoretical path that led Ricoeur to value this theme. Initially, from the triple phenomenological, hermeneutic and ethical link, the place of ethics in the philosophy of the French thinker is evidenced from the theme of ipseity: in a horizon of recognition, person and promise culminate in the action of the self from the plans of the ethical and moral perspective. These poles, that of ethics and morals, are examined from Ricoeur's petit éthique: that is, by their implication in the spheres of ipseity, otherness and justice, that is, of the self, the other and the community. It is from this path, through the ethical and moral approach of these three spheres, that the challenges of conscience in action and in terms of moral judgment in a situation are announced. Practical wisdom results from a conscience with and for others that responds to conflicts as a conviction and not as a response. The passage of the action of the self is from an ethical (teleological) horizon, it needs the sieve of the norm, that is, from another horizon, that of moral obligation (deontological), which implies the conflict, so well represented in the tradition by the theme of tragedy. In these cases of conflict, conscience and judgment find in practical wisdom the return to the essential sphere, of an ethics reinforced by morality that can effect justice as equity. Such an undertaking is designed as the experience of regional ethics and dialogue that leads to the conviction of the good for all according to prudential action (phrónesis). Uncertainty and urgency as characteristics of the tragic give practical wisdom a model of the preeminence of the just in terms of a practical philosophy. Selfhood on an ethical level and in the face of tragicity resorts to conviction exercising a practical wisdom that makes the self the self supported by virtue, respect and justice. The attestation of the self is, on the ethical level, the unfolding to the other in the fair reception that makes conviction the practical knowledge of an equitable ethics.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Basic sanitation presents itself as a fundamental factor for social development and for guaranteeing public health. Within the services of sanitation, water and its entire system of adduction, treatment and distribution is of fundamental importance. However, the treatment carried out by Water Treatment Plants (WTP) also ends up generating waste whose characteristics come from the quality of raw water and the processes used for its purification. Based on this, this work proposed to carry out a study on the sludge from the WTP of Palmitinho/RS, firstly, through its characterization and verification of aluminum concentrations, due to the coagulation/flocculation process employing the coagulant aluminum sulfate. The feasibility of recovering the coagulant used through the use of the acid extraction process was investigated, observing the possible application of the recovered for the treatment of raw water, with two distinct characteristics: high turbidity and color and low turbidity and color. Regarding the characterization of this sludge, it was observed its need for treatment before disposal, with physical and chemical methods being the most recommended, and that, due to its high concentration of metals, the regeneration of coagulant by acid route presents itself as a viable alternative treatment to be used. The acid extraction process provided a concentration of 683.31 mg/L of aluminum sulfate to the recovered to be used in later tests and a potential to reduce the total volume of the treated sludge by about 45%, evidencing its efficiency. In relation to the tests carried out with the recovered coagulant comparing with commercial coagulant in waters of different turbidity, it was observed that the recovered coagulant, when tested in waters of high turbidity showed a range of applicability superior to the commercial coagulant, showing ≥90% removal in practically all pH ranges. However, the limitation of the use of this recovered coagulant may be related to the color transferred to the water to be treated, since low turbidity water treated with it did not obtain satisfactory results, whereas water with high turbidity obtained also apparent and true color removal efficiencies.

Starting from the objective of understanding how and what knowledge is constituted in the practice of tattooing in daily work, we seek to explore the theme of organizational learning from the perspective of Practice Based Studies (PBS). In this sense, the practice of tattooing opens the way for the investigation of knowledge at work, which is recognized as the knowledge produced in the midst of everyday life in which the practice is carried out through the interaction between different knowledge, artifacts and practices. Based on AO theories with a sociological orientation, in the light of knowing-in-practice (GHERARDI, 2006b, 2012a) and aesthetic theory (STRATI, 1999a, 2007b), a relational orientation is assumed, understanding that the subjective aspects and the Sensitive knowledge can be linked to people's occupation - in this case, the practice of tattooing. For the operationalization of this study, ethnographic techniques were adopted, through participant observation and narrative interviews. Finally, data analysis will be performed using the technique of thematic analysis of narratives. It became evident that practices, knowledge, artifacts and sensitive knowledge are co-produced during work routines, either through communicating sensitive experiences by practitioners, or through observation and living in different situations in which the practice is performed. When mapping the practice of tattooing, five practices were predominant in the constitution of knowledge, namely: i) drawing; ii) assembly the workstation; iii) decal; iv) tattoo; and v) disassembly and disposal of the material. When identifying how these practices are ordered and connected in a texture of practices, knowing-in-practice has in essence the construction of a taste while the practice is performed, constituting from six knowledge: (i) creation and / or reproduction of the drawing; (ii) the actions and sayings related to each practice; (iii) manipulation of artifacts; (iv) the technique; (v) the movement of bodies; (vi) the activation of human senses. In addition to the diversity of knowledge linked to a series of heterogeneous practices, the results of the research signaled the production of the aesthetic judgment developed through socio-material interactions and sensitive knowledge. In this way, the knowledge imbricated to the practice of tattooing cannot be transferred from one individual to the other, since it is not possible to teach the sensitivity of the actions and sayings involved in the act of those who practice the activity, starting from an individual and unique construction of each practitioner from his sensitive knowledge and worldly perceptions.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Introduction: Population aging is a worldwide phenomenon, which manifests quickly, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. As a result, there is a shortening of the base and an enlargement of the top of the population pyramid - called demographic transition. Linked to this process, there is an increase in the occurrence of non-communicable chronic diseases and a greater chance of hospitalization, which creates limitations and the need for support, especially in the elderly. Social relationships and social support are indicators of social integration, ensuring support in times of crisis or readaptation, contributing to the individual's health. Objective: to evaluate the social support of hospitalized individuals, its relationship with sociodemographic variables and hospital outcomes. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive and longitudinal study, where social support was evaluated through the question: “Can the patient count on someone to help or assist him?”, which is included in the Identification Instrument of Complex Patient in Hospitalization. Results: 1421 individuals were included, and it was identified that 93.6% had social support. Elderly and higher-risk individuals had proportional social support. There was no significant association with mortality or length of hospital stay. It was observed that the instrument succinctly assesses social support, therefore needing to consider other sociodemographic variables for a more specific assessment. More studies are needed with a view to identifying social support, so that strategies and interventions capable of expanding health care can be targeted.

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The present study aimed to evaluate the religiosity of health professionals who work on the front lines of the Covid-19 pandemic. The search had a quantitative, descriptive, analytical and transversal approach. The study population consisted of health professionals (nurses, technicians, physiotherapists and doctors) who worked directly on the front line of nursing patients with Covid-19. Data collection was carried out online and through the Google Forms tool using a structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic data, chronic diseases, medications and information about work in the face of Covid-19. To assess religiosity, the Duke Religiosity Scale - DUREL was used. The sample consists of 100 health professionals, with a mean age of 33.3±8.3 years, most of them female (81.0%), with a higher percentage of nursing technicians (41.0%) and nurses (39.0%). Regarding the Duke Religiosity scale DUREL, the subscale corresponding to organizational religiosity computed a median of 4 points, considered low religiosity; the non-organizational religiosity subscale computed 3.5 points, defined as high; and intrinsic religiosity, 6 points, considered high. The results of the study showed that health professionals working on the front lines of Covid-19 had low organizational religiosity (public religious practices), non-organizational religiosity (private religious activities such as prayer) and intrinsic religiosity (religious commitment or religious motivation) high.

Pesticides are used worldwide in the agricultural production of different crops in order to avoid losses in production due to the attack of pests and diseases. Due to the increase in food production, consequently, the concern about the correct disposal of pesticide residues is growing. Thus, from 1990 onwards, biobeds began to be developed in order to reduce contamination from accidental spills during pesticide formulation dissolution and in the washing of sprayers. The biomix, made up of soil, straw and peat, which makes up the biobeds, is primarily responsible for retaining and biodegrading pesticides. Among those different classes of pesticides, herbicides represent a large percentage (59,56%) of the most sold active ingredients in Brazil. Therefore, the meangoal of this study was to develop and to validate two extraction methods for pesticide determinations. A multiclass method composed of five distinct classes of herbicides, in addition to an insecticide class and an individual method, for the imidazolinone class herbicides, in the biomix that compose biobeds and its determination applying HPLC-MS/MS. To evaluate biobeds efficiency through the contamination of reactors, with those active ingradients under study and verifying their degradation over time with collections and subsequent analysis at different times, was also a goal in this project. To method validation studies, the criterias of linearity, linear range, matrix effect, limit of detection (LD) and limit of quantification (LQ), precision, intermediate precision and accuracy were evaluated. For those pesticides determined via individual method, imazapic and imazethapyr, the detection and quantification limits were 12.5 μg kg -¹ and 20 μg kg -¹ respectively. For all pesticides determined via multiclass method, 2,4-D, acetochlor, atrazine, diuron, dicamba and methidathione, the LOD was 8 μg kg -¹ and LOQ 20 μg kg -¹. The positive matrix effect for the imidazolinone extraction method was very evident by comparing the analytical curves data, prepared in organic solvent and in blank matrix extract, because the biomix is a very complex matrix and the extraction procedure has a high pH variation, which influences the interferents co-extraction. The analysis of biomix samples from contaminated biobeds showed that most of pesticides (2,4-D, atrazine, diuron, methidathione) under study were degraded. The exception was for imazethapyr, which possibly due to its known persistence in environment and dependence on specific conditions to be available and to be biodegraded, was not degrated. Further more, dicamba presented a lower biodegradation compared to other pesticides, that may be due to interactions with other pesticides discharged in to the biobed.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The contemporary context, characterized by rapid social and technological changes and by phenomena that increase risk situations, requires a more flexible, complex and non-linear career development process. Likewise, personality is a determining factor for the acquisition of career adaptability resources, especially for women who are linked to mostly male work spaces. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze, from the perspective of the sexual division of labor, the variables that influence the insertion of women in the labor market, their career and personality in technological incubators in the southern region of Brazil. Therefore, the methodological support includes a research of a descriptive and exploratory nature; with regard to the nature of the data, it is characterized as quantitative and qualitative research. Thus, the research was subdivided into two phases. The first phase is constituted by the quantitative approach, applied by the survey method. A research protocol consisting of three parts was applied to 310 respondents: sociodemographic and professional data; the career adaptability instrument, by Savickas and Portelli (2012); and the personality inventory (TIPI), by Gosling et al. (2003). Data analysis was carried out using structural equations. The qualitative approach was defined as the second phase of the research, in which data were collected through semi-structured interviews based on theoretical support, with 14 women linked to the field of technology being interviewed. As a method of analysis, the technique of content analysis of the reports was adopted, defining the analytical categories a priori. The results found indicated that, testing the measurement invariance of composite models (MICOM), it was shown that the relationships do not show significant difference between genders. In addition, the 12 hypotheses raised had direct and positive relationships, all of which were confirmed, since they presented a t value > 1.96 and p-value < 0.05. The dimensions “cooperation” and “conscientiousness” obtained higher frequencies, showing professionals who value mutual help in the work environment, characterizing them as organized, practical and self-disciplined. The findings in the qualitative phase demonstrate that the challenges for women relate to motherhood, excessive demands, lack of trust, mental exhaustion and gender disparities. Family, professors and classmates were the precursors to his choices for a technology career. Likewise, the male predominance and the historical-cultural context also delimit the female presence in technology, impacting the breadth of professionals in the area. Lectures and courses are some means used to increase the contingent of women in technology. Personnel management policies are carried out sporadically and do not have specific programs for women, nor do they include advancement in women's careers. The limitations of this research are in the scope, due to the restriction of access due to covid-19. For future work, it is recommended to expand the sample and add other research constructs and instruments.

The main objective of the present research is to investigate how the construction of Potentially Significant Teaching Units (PSTU) for teaching mathematics content is developed with teachers of different grade levels, from a Pedagogical Workshop on Critical Significant Learning Theory (CSLT). The studies were developed over two school semesters, with a partnership between two educational institutions, the Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) and the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). In the first semester of 2020, it was worked on Active Methodologies, this step was in charge of teachers from Unipampa - Itaqui Campus, and then, in the second semester, it was continued with the Pedagogical Workshops on the Theory of Significant Learning (TSL), CSLT, PSTU and Concept Maps, which were in charge of the author and the supervisor of this research, both from UFSM, emphasizing the area of Mathematics Education. The workshops were conducted remotely, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, since they needed to undergo modifications during their organization and application process, throughout the year 2020. The study in question had as its main focus the Pedagogical Workshops, which are based on Marco Antônio Moreira's Critical Significant Learning Theory, and also has a qualitative, descriptive, and interpretive character, since the methodological procedure adopted was the Case Study. For data collection, questionnaires, word clouds, concept maps, and evaluations using PSTU were used, the latter being used as a learning resource and also as a means of evaluation. The development of the research foresees six stages: Stage 1: Bibliographical revision of Dissertations and Theses about PSTU, in the period of the last 5 years, that involve PSTU and teacher education in Mathematics; Stage 2: Application of a diagnostic test, in order to verify the initial conceptions of the teachers about preferences for mathematical contents and about the attribution of meanings and criticality to the contents worked on, and to know better the target public of the research, in relation to their formation and professional experience; Stage 3: Elaboration and Development of the pedagogical training workshop on TSL and CSLT, lasting 70 hours; Stage 4: Development of a PSTU for the teaching of mathematical contents worked by the teachers participating in the workshop; Stage 5: Analysis of the PSU construction process by the teachers participating in the workshops; and, Stage 6: Evaluation of the whole process during the workshops, considering the sequential aspects of CSLT. From the data collected, a descriptive and interpretive analysis of the process of the construction of the PSTU was made, taking into account the process coding schemes, according to Bogdan and Biklen, used to put the data under study in an organizational way.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES