Repositório RCAAP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This research has the objective of analyzing the behavior characteristics related to the entrepreneurial potential in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), considering the influence of family members and their preparation for professional practice. ASD is a syndrome manifested by alterations in language development and social interaction. Individuals with ASD present stereotyped, repetitive and ritualized behaviors, as well as restricted interests and sensory alterations, with varying levels of severity, which justifies the use of the term autism spectrum. Although autism is characterized as a complex developmental disorder, defined from a behavioral point of view and characterized by difficulties in social interaction that may be manifested as isolation, inappropriate social behavior, among other symptoms (GADIA et al., 2004, p. 584), reports of autistic people who managed to overcome the disorder and, as far as possible, developed skills that allow them to live a productive life are not uncommon. Some of them, such as Temple Grandin, for example, use their differentiated manner of looking at reality as an instrument for transformation, which is in line with the definitions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship, in the view of Santos et al. (2014), is intrinsically dependent on individual decisions and actions (even if external factors are decisive for the entrepreneurial action), thus justifying the choice for entrepreneurial potential as an element of the construct that is being adopted in this research. The entrepreneurial potential, which is related to individual characteristics, may never become an entrepreneurial intention, but it brings with it a set of behavioral attributes that can be developed, allowing the establishment of skills and capacities that are of interest to the job market. To answer the problem of this research, four studies was carried out involving the conceptualization of entrepreneurial potential related to individual development, the identification of entrepreneurial potential in individuals with ASD and in their family members – and how these potential influences the autistic person’s development – and the verification of the skills that the job market has observed in professionals with ASD who have been working. This study is based on the relationship family – autistic person – company, from the construct that involves entrepreneurial potential, cognition and autism spectrum disorder. With the first study, it was possible to identify a theoretical gap – Entrepreneurial Potential and entrepreneurial characteristics in neuroatypicals, being the construct an emerging topic if associated with education, education for work, development and knowledge. The second study showed that behavioral characteristics of autistic people find similarities in the behavioral characteristics related to Entrepreneurial Potential and that this can be used to promote professional inclusion. The third study showed that there are influences of characteristics of the Entrepreneurial Potential of parents in the development of their children, considering the overcoming of the diagnosis and resilience. And the fourth study pointed out that hiring autistic people can be geared to results and not just functionality. Thus, this thesis shows that the Entrepreneurial Potential can be a perspective for the development of the autistic person, aiming at insertion in the job market.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

The present dissertation developed in the Postgraduate Program in Public Policies and Educational Management (PPPG) - Professional Master's, at the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM-RS) had as main objective to analyze the public policies of the municipal education network of Santa Maria /RS in times of the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the pedagogical aspects of teaching work during remote teaching, in classes of the 1st literacy cycle. It has also sought to identify who the public policies of that period established basic parameters to guarantee the teaching-learning processes, as well understanding what pedagogical practices were implemented by teachers of the 1st cycle of literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic and proposing a curator ship with specific activities for literacy, having as an initial repository, those developed by teachers from the city's municipal education system of the 1st cycle of literacy during this pandemic period. It was an implied, documentary research, based on a qualitative approach that used as a data collection instrument a questionnaire, with objective and discursive questions, answered by teachers of the first literacy cycle of the Municipal Education Network of Santa Maria, in addition to survey of all relevant legislation that supports the study. The data was processed by Discursive Textual Analysis, a theoretical framework based on authors who deal with the theme. It was analyzed about three categories, namely: Subjects' perception of public policies for the pandemic; Pedagogical aspects of teaching during the pandemic and technological fluency of teachers. The conclusion is that there is a need for greater investment in equipment and teacher training, so that teaching and learning can take place effectively. The idealized product will be the elaboration of a content curation (learning objects/database of alternative practices) for the first literacy cycle that can be used in distance learning. In this way, it is expected to contribute to qualifying teaching and learning in the first literacy cycle of the Municipal Network of Santa Maria, considering the changes imposed by the pandemic.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This study aimed to assess the impact of adopting management practices oriented to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the performance of industrial chemical companies. This study was conducted in two distinct methodological phases: the first of which contemplated qualitative and exploratory research to understand the phenomenon in industrial chemical facilities installed in developing and developed countries. The result of the survey of these practices was used, along with a literature review, to compose the questionnaire structure of the second phase, the quantitative one, which involved survey-type research. In the first stage of the quantitative phase, the facilitators and barriers that industrial chemical facilities face in meeting SDGs were identified based on the managers’ perception. To this end, a questionnaire was sent to companies linked to the Brazilian Chemical Industry Association (ABIQUIM) and the German Chemical Industry Association (Verband der Chemischen Industrie). This action took place from March to December 2020. The primary results regarding the practices developed revealed that “commitment of the organization’s managers,” “access to technology and innovation,” “stakeholder engagement,” and “team commitment” stood out as the main facilitators to meet the SDGs according to the surveyed managers of these industrial facilities. As for the barriers, “lack of a supply chain focused on sustainability,” “difficulty in access to technologies or inefficient technologies,” and “high costs to implement sustainable strategies or practices” were indicated as the main obstacles. In the second stage of the quantitative phase, the impact of adopting SDG-oriented management practices on the performance of Brazilian industrial chemical companies was evaluated, in which 87 companies associated with ABIQUIM participated. Our findings revealed that, in the Brazilian companies, management practices to meet the SDGs positively impact innovative, environmental, and social performance, making it possible to partially confirm the outlined hypotheses. Moreover, it was possible to note that the SDGs 8 (decent work and economic growth), 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), 10 (reduced inequalities), and 12 (responsible consumption and production) are covered by several practices in the companies investigated. Nevertheless, it is important to note that some SDGs showed unsatisfactory results for the companies’ management practices, namely: SDGs 4 (quality education), 5 (gender equality), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 7 (affordable and clean energy), 14 (life below water), and 15 (life on land). Hence, we observed that issues including education, gender equality, water, energy, and life on land require special attention from industrial chemical companies in order to successfully meet all the goals of the global agenda.

The main goal of this research project is to identify parents’ top demands regarding development and schooling of their children with autism. The theme is justified for being an institutional request from the researcher’s previous professional context, where it was necessary to get to know the demands from parents of children with structural barriers on their psychic formation, and, from this, create a host space for these families. This set of strategies is based on the premise that parents’ actions before their children directly influence both kids’ schooling and formation. It is a qualitative research, that used a questionnaire, and therapeutic and pedagogical reports for data production. The participants of this research were five parents of children with autism that are attended in two service centers. Authors such as Kupfer et al. (2017), Laznik (2013), Jerusalinksy (2012) provide theoretical basis for this research. Data was analyzed according to the four foundations of Psychoanalytical Evaluation at the age of 3, together with a category that aimed to examine the demands in the parents’ answers. As a result, guidelines for the implementing of parents’ groups were made, seeking to potentialize the schooling of children with autism. At the end of this research, it was concluded that parents present demands associated with themes such as development, rights, inclusion, and schooling.

The value of knowledge has caused companies to expand their activities beyond their borders, a movement that has been accompanied by many challenges and uncertainties. In this scenario, Science and Technology Parks (PCT) emerge as environments that can reduce these challenges and incertitudes, as they usually bring together universities, governments and the private sector in development and innovation processes. However, theories related to the internationalization of companies try to explain the reasons that lead organizations to internationalize, without considering these environments as the target of this movement. Neither are studies available on strategies to attract international companies, to be used as an instrument of analysis by the PCTs for the development of their strategic internationalization plans. Therefore, this research sought to assess to what extent the international attractiveness strategies of PCTs can be explained by the Theory of the Eclectic Paradigm and the Theory of Network. The objective of this thesis was to analyze how the Theory of the Eclectic Paradigm and the Theory of Networks are able to explain the strategic choices of PCTs associated with the Rio Grande do Sul Network of Innovation Environments (REGINP) to attract international companies. The theoretical perspective adopted was the positivist one, with a deductive method. As for the objectives, the research was classified as exploratory and descriptive, with qualitative and quantitative data analysis. As designs, we used the bibliographic research and case study, which was the main technical procedure used during the research, being classified as an integrated project of multiple cases, as the associated PCTs located in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, associated with REGINP. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was used, applied with a manager of each PCT, carried out by video conference due to the limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were processed in a qualitative way, using the content analysis technique. As main results, it is mentioned that PCTs were identified that have international companies from outside the country, installed in their environments. Also, it was found that managers do not have the knowledge about and do not use internationalization theories as a basis for planning strategies to attract international companies. However, evidence of actions that could be related to the two theories were identified, mainly in those environments where there were international companies, with the Theory of the Network being the one that best explains the actions evidenced by the interviewed managers. The results achieved demonstrated a great opportunity for the managers of these environments to build their strategic plans for internationalization, using the theories of Networks and the Eclectic Paradigm as a theoretical basis.

Agência de Inovação e Transferência de Tecnologia - AGITTEC

Information Technology (IT) and innovation are two relevant themes that are widely discussed in the literature. Understanding the association between IT and innovation is important, as many of the innovations that have been adopted in business practices are dependent on IT. The impact of IT on innovation depends on the type of IT tool used, the type of innovation activity performed, and the company's characteristics, but there is still a lack of studies that assess the effect of different IT resources on the innovative performance of companies. In addition, the main debates on innovation have still focused on large corporations, despite the agreement that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an increasingly relevant role in innovation in the national context. The general objective of the work was to analyze the association of IT resources with the results of innovation in Brazilian SMEs. The method adopted had a qualitative approach, of exploratory descriptive nature, with an approach to small and medium-sized companies, finalists of the National Innovation Award. The research population consisted of 28 companies, 15 of which were analyzed in this study, thus forming the research sample. For data collection, documentary research, questionnaires and interviews were carried out. The results showed that the IT infrastructure of SMEs is considered an essential apparatus for innovation, through support and support for the execution of processes and activities necessary for innovation, with emphasis on the collection, transfer, flow and administration of data and information, and for purposes of internal and external collaboration, and interactions. IT HR had a positive association with innovation, and is seen as necessary to the innovative process, through the application of IT technical and managerial skills, which can help or directly result in product, process, organizational, and marketing innovation. The study contributed to the Information Technology literature by highlighting the understanding of the influence of IT resources on innovation, in the view of executives of Brazilian SMEs considered innovative, contemplated an individualized approach to IT resources and their respective subcategories and elements, and sought relate them to the results of innovation, addressed individually, rather than a joint analysis of IT and innovation, as is commonly found in the literature. With this, it was intended to fill a gap, which is the lack of studies that jointly address the themes of IT and Innovation in SMEs in Brazil.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

This master's thesis was part of the research line LP1: Policies and Management of Basic and Higher Education, of the Graduate Program in Public Policies and Educational Management, at the Federal University of Santa Maria/RS. It addressed the theme “Child Education (4 and 5 years old) in the context of elementary schools in the city of São Pedro do Sul/RS: are children's rights being guaranteed in this first stage of Basic Education?”. Its general objective was to analyze the Political Pedagogical Project and the physical structure of Elementary Schools with Early Childhood Education classes in the Municipality of São Pedro do Sul/RS so that it can be understood whether the rights of children are being guaranteed at this stage of Basic Education. ; because having Kindergarten classes in Elementary Schools is a real trend. As for the specific objectives, priority was given to: investigating the legal frameworks and foundations of Early Childhood Education in Brazil; to map the Municipal Elementary Schools that had Early Childhood Education classes (4 and 5 years old) inserted in their school spaces; to analyze the pedagogical proposals of the schools surveyed from the conceptions and public policies for Early Childhood Education in force in Brazil (macro to micro sphere); to build a draft of a specific guiding document for Early Childhood Education, in order to corroborate with the Municipal Resolution CME No. 02/2019, which establishes basic guidelines for the elaboration or adequacy of the Pedagogical Policy Proposal of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education establishments of the Municipal System of Teaching in São Pedro do Sul/RS and; to propose the alteration of the nomenclatures of the Municipal Schools of Elementary Education that also have the Infant Education stage so that they are changed to Municipal Schools of Infant Education and Elementary Education. The research had a qualitative approach, of the case study type, having as its object the municipal network of São Pedro do Sul/RS. The techniques used for data construction were documental research and a questionnaire directed to the study subjects who were teachers and managers of the schools surveyed. The theoretical framework was organized based on some authors, such as: Minayo (2009); Yin (2001); Rosenberg (1999); Moss (2011); Kuhlmann (2003); Kramer (2006); Rinaldi (1999); Vieira (2011); Flowers; Brusius; Santos (2018). The idealized product was the construction of a draft guidance document specific to Early Childhood Education to corroborate CME Resolution No. 02/2019, which establishes basic guidelines for the elaboration or adequacy of the Pedagogical Policy Proposal of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education establishments of the Municipal System of Education in the city of São Pedro do Sul/RS and; It was also proposed to the Education Department and City Council of the municipality to change the nomenclature of the Municipal Schools of Elementary Education that also have the Early Childhood stage so that they are changed to Municipal Schools of Early Childhood Education and Elementary Education in order to enhance and reinforce the importance of childhood spaces in these institutions. It is hoped with this research to broaden the discussion on guaranteeing children's rights at this stage of Basic Education in the context of elementary schools in the Municipality of São Pedro do Sul/RS.

Research on science teaching has shown a growing lack of youngsters’ interest in scientific subjects throughout school education. In addition, young adults have been less interested in pursuing careers or academic studies in scientific areas. This loss of interest is concerning since scientific knowledge is important for school education, and the economic and social development is increasingly associated with scientific and technological advances. Among other relevant studies in this area in Brazil, research associated to the ROSE project (The Relevance of Science Education) seeks to listen to the student's perspective in relation to their interests in and attitudes towards science and technology. Young Brazilians consider school science important, but it is not among their favorite subjects. This creates a paradox between absolute preference and relative preference. We sought to investigate how young Brazilians are distributed in relation to the paradox preference for the Science discipline and how the interest in learning topics in science and technology, extracurricular activities, and the learners’ opinion on their science classes help understand this paradox. Regarding the preference for scientific subjects, the youngsters are divided into four groups: Specific Priority (30.6%) presents high relative and absolute preference. This group tends to show positive attitude towards and interest in science and technology; Other Priority (45.15%) presents high absolute interest and low relative interest. Their interests and attitudes are dispersed in this area, with their interest focused more on the health area; Poor priority (20.26%) presents low absolute and relative preference for the subject. This group tends to have negative attitude towards and interest in this area; Not-positive priority (3.98%) has high relative interest and low absolute interest in sciences. Knowing how young people behave in relation to sciences is important since it may help schoolteachers create pedagogical strategies for teaching. Moreover, it is essential for curriculum reform in basic and higher education fostered by the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), which impacts different levels of education, especially high school and its training itineraries.

This research delas with the contribution that the architectural heritage exerts on the landscape around Square Pinheiro Machado in Santo Ângelo-RS from the Environmental Perception área. The study was carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods in four stages of investigation. The first stage had the purpose of gathering subsidies to characterize the study area. The second and third stages were aimed at testing the hypotheses of this research, and in the second phase the tool used was the development of photographic workshops, while in the third phase the application of na open questionnaire was adopted. Finally, the fourth stage was aimed at developing a photographic exhibition based on the contente obtained through the previous stages, with the objective of promoting heritage education activities in the local Community. The information obtained by the photographic workshops was analyzed qualitatively, while the data resulting from the questionnaire of open questions were analyzed by frequency and similarity, tabulating the answers to obtain quantitative sentences. The results made it possible to understand the importance of historical architecture in the composition of the urban landscape of the case studied, as well as the existing relationships between their formal and symbolic characteristics, through the individual analysis of the historical buildings are those that make up the inventory of real estate in Santo Ângelo-RS, just as a way of delimiting the study sample, however, it is believed that the entire construction has historical value, since they are all the physical and spatial translation of the legacy of man on earth. At the end, it can be concluded that the built cultural heritage contributes qualitatively to the studied urban landscape, however its physical characteristics such as: state of conservation, architectural forms, colors and visual communication are directly related to the way the community perceives and atributes values to this space.

This study aimed to investigate how the municipality of Santa Maria/RS has been articulating public policies for the continuing education of Early Childhood Education teachers in the last three years (2019-2021). Thus, the achievements and impasses in the implementation of the municipal public policy Conexões de Saberes (2019) that emerged from the high rates of age-year distortion and school dropout in the municipality were identified. Within this larger policy, other projects were organized for the different segments of education, being the Municipal Literacy and Literacy Project (PROMLA, 2019) for preschool and early years teachers, with the purpose of training teachers in their literacy practices, something that aroused our interest in the insertion of Early Childhood Education, taking into account that this stage is not intended to teach literacy, much less prepare for Elementary School. This formative path (PROMLA, 2019), generated discontent and discomfort on the part of Early Childhood teachers, due to the fact of separating the training offered to day care and preschool. During the course of the research, several problematizing questions emerged, making it necessary to carry out a study on the historical process of the consolidation of Early Childhood Education in Brazil as a space of struggles and rights, of public policies for continuing education at the National Level, as well as an overview of Legislation, regulations and official documents that regulate, standardize and guide the work at this stage. As a theoretical contribution to the research, we anchored in Kulhmann (2003), Rosemberg (2002), Oliveira-formosinho (2016), Faria (1999), Oliveira (2010), Baptista (2010), as well as other works and documents relevant to the topics addressed. In this sense, the research approach is qualitative, of the Case Study type. As instruments for the construction of data, we used the semi-structured interview with the SMED/SM team and the online questionnaire with the teachers of the network. To analyze the constructed data, we used Bardin (1997) Content Analysis approach. However, the research pointed out the tensions of PROMLA (2019) training for not contemplating specific aspects of the field of childhood and for reinforcing pre-literacy discourses and practices in preschool. At the same time, the research identified changes in the training of the following years (2020 and 2021), in order to promote teacher development, reflections on practices with children, recognizing the specifics of early childhood education. As a final product, we contextualized the research in a document based on the indicators and criteria to be considered in the formulation of specific continuing education projects for early childhood education teachers, in order to become a tool and contribute to the municipal education network. from Santa Maria/RS.

This research is the result of the master's thesis, linked to the Graduate Program in Cultural Heritage, research line Archival Documentary Heritage and had as its general objective to make a photographic catalog of the State School of Basic Education Francisco Manoel located in the city of Restinga Sêca, State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), characterized as iconographic documentary heritage with a view to preservation and dissemination of institutional memory. The choice is justified, for understanding its relevance from the point of view of the proposed theme, as it will enrich Archivology with regard to research on school archives, as well as demonstrate the importance of the documents that these institutions produce, as documentary heritage. It will also open space and serve as a stimulus for other works on school archives. At the end of the trajectory, the materialized product is characterized as a Photographic Catalog, composed by the chronological history of the School, extracted from documents of the textual genre that the institution has under its custody, and iconographic documents of its collection, which are part of its documental patrimony. In this perspective, the methodology established was done through research in bibliographical bases and in loco research, fundamental moments for the accomplishment of a study. The catalog was evaluated through the SCALE method, an acronym for: Support, credibility, accuracy, credibility and structure, for evaluation of technical artifacts. From the point of view of the approach, it is characterized as a qualitative research. In this trajectory, it was noticed the quantity of different materials found in school collections, which can become targets for future researches, and which compose its memory and also serve as evidence about the functional and educational life of many subjects, who carry in themselves the historicity of the institution. Thus, we realize the importance of an archival work and the existence of an archivist in these places to work with this cultural heritage and seek the proper storage, preservation, access and dissemination of knowledge of public school institutions. Finally, it is inferred the importance of promoting the appreciation and preservation of the heritage of educational institutions and the need for proper awareness and knowledge of the work developed by the archivist in public institutions of society in general, in the actions of preservation, access and dissemination of the cultural heritage present in these collections.

For the construction of a sustainable future in a society, it is necessary to commit to valuing the past and its entire constituted collection, through material and immaterial heritage, maintaining the cultural identity of a people. Thus, historical heritage becomes fundamental to the collective memory of a society, representing its artistic, religious, cultural and documentary values. The transformations that occur more and more in an accelerated way in urban centers, imply the need for heritage preservation, thus the general objective of this research is the Architectural Heritage of the Historic Center of Lajeado, in the period from 1900 to 1940, with the Inventory of five historic buildings. These were selected because they have architectural quality relevant to the research, with the cataloging based on the criteria of the IPHAE Inventory sheets. Bibliographic research was carried out on the development history of the municipality and the physical, historical, photographic survey and the constructive and technical characteristics of each of the buildings. From these analyzes, the technical drawings of the buildings were developed in the computer program AutoCAD (2018), consisting of a floor plan and elevations, representing the construction techniques and ornaments of the facades. After the complete forms with all the information (location plan, history, photographs of the building and surroundings, and the existing construction techniques and materials), modeling was carried out using the computer program SketchUp (2017), for the visualization in three dimensions of the buildings . As a conclusion, with the complete Inventory files and the modeling of the Historic Center area under study, an exhibition is prepared with these images for exhibition in public places in the city, such as at the City Hall, Shopping in the city, at the University do Taquari Valley and other spaces that are interested in exhibiting the graphic and historical material. In addition to the production of the boards, an account will be created on the Instagram Social Network in order to propagate the materials collected and modeled in the software, thus contributing to the dissemination and enhancement of this area that includes the historical, architectural and cultural heritage, rescuing memories and contributing for sustainable development, integrating buildings with city planning and the interest of city residents and visitors.