Repositório RCAAP

The article highlights the relationbetween constitutionalism and democracyin progressive constitutional theories suchas law as integrity, judicial minimalism anddemocratic constitutionalism showing theirdifferences regarding the role Courts have insolving constitutional controversies as wellas the effects of their decisions (backlash).Finally, it discusses thevaquejada’scase (ADIn. 4.983) in order to show how such progressiveconstitutional theories and their answers to thebacklashcan help to enlighten some points thatare neglected in our constitutional practice yetwithout advocating in favor of importing suchtheories to Brazil.

Access to justice in the context of the advancement of e-process points directly to a fundamental and new principle, the socalled principle of connection, which will be the main object of this work. The worldview and methodology adopted is systemic, notably that elaborated by Maturana and Varela (1995). The approach will be deductive. The main objective of the work is to perform an analytical framework of the judicial process, interrelating the variables of the analog and digital processes and the systemic variables.

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In view of the growing need for biological knowledge of native species for use in riparian forest restoration projects, the aim of this work was the phenological characterization of Sebastiania brasiliensis, a shrubby tree species that occurs in the alluvial mixed ombrophilous forest. Accordingly, ten trees were monitored in the municipality of Araucária, PR, Brazil, observing the reproductive and vegetative phenological events. The reproductive and vegetative phenophases showed seasonality. The reproductive phases began in early summer with the appearance of the first floral buds and ended with the ripe fruit in early spring, while the vegetative phases began in the winter, occurring during leaf fall and with return of the leaves in spring. Although the phenophases exhibited the described seasonality, they did not show a correlation with climatic variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation) during the period evaluated. Therefore, we can conclude that reproductive phenophases have a higher seasonality than vegetative ones, and that the species has well-defined phenological patterns, but further studies of longer duration are indicated.

The present article intends to discuss the abortion issue based on the two women activists´s life narratives who are dedicated to the struggle for the women´s rights in different social movements. Through the theoretical and methodological contributions of oral history, interviews were carried out, which later underwent a process of textual elaboration that resulted in the material collected, which was the basis for the reflections presented. The proposed analysis seeks to address the relationships between militancy and subjectivity and how discussions on abortion are feasible beyond numbers.

The Brazilian Caatinga is one of the most threatened tropical dry forests in the world, mainly due to habitat fragmentation from anthropic activities. However, mountainous regions in the Caatinga are refuges of biodiversity, with high plant species richness, which are used for various purposes by local human populations. The present study sought to identify the local ecological knowledge of rural communities on a mountain in the semiarid region of Brazil, which is a refuge of biodiversity. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with key informants selected using the snowball sampling technique. According to the informants, the mountain helps recall memories of previous landscapes, which are linked to the biodiversity that it contains and its importance as a source of resources and influence on local rainfall regimes. For local populations, the conservation of Caatinga biodiversity represents the preservation of fauna and flora, the permanence of ecosystem functions and the resilience of intrinsic values related to maintaining their activities.

Resenha de Sayer, Yan e Botting, Douglas. Hitler e as mulheres. A vida amorosa de Adolf Hitler. Campinas: Verus, 2005

J. Bertrand is known for his contributions to mechanics and mathematics, but little is known about his predilection for electrodynamics. So, in an unprecedented way, we present the contextualization and commented translation, from French to Portuguese, of the article "Demonstration of the theorems relative to the electrodynamic actions". In this article, Bertrand deduces fourteen fundamental electrodynamic theorems. Among other points, he discusses the validity of Newton's 3rd law in electrodynamics, he deduces Ampère's force from only two experimental facts – by reducing the number of necessary cases of equilibrium from four to two – obtains the equivalent theorem of the divergent of the magnetic field (one of Maxwell's equations), makes considerations about the electrodynamic potential, and deduces the relation between a magnetic dipole and a plane closed circuit.  

The group of congressmen who are elected by PSDB and PT in 1994 and 2002 are analyzed from the social, politic and economic criteria. The study confirms the usual theses according to which PT’s congressmen were more connected to trade union movements, less educated and had more varied occupations. In contrast, this paper reveals that most of PT’s congressmen had more experience in the Chamber of Deputies, contradicting the conception of being outsider. By comparing the two groups of congressmen in elections that they got the Presidency for the first time, and supposing that experience makes difference, we defend the hypothesis that the know-how of PT’s congressmen was important to his role as opposition to Fernando Henrique, in 1994, as well to support Lula da Silva in 2003.

Science is not value free. The philosopher Hugh Lacey developed a model of the interactions between values and scientific activity. The main objective of this paper is to present the model of Lacey and apply it to the context of the possibilities for productive use of Campos Sulinos, grasslands ecosystems of high biodiversity in southern Brazil, Uruguay and eastern part of Argentina, which are strongly threatened. The conversion of Campos Sulinos into large areas of agricultural and silvicultural monocultures is largely based on scientific knowledge acquired through decontextualizing strategies (ED). The conservation of Campos Sulinos is also informed by scientific knowledge, but primarily acquired through context-sensitive strategies (EC ). As the choice of strategy limits possible applications, the almost exclusive adoption of ED in modern science contradicts the ideal of neutrality of science. For enabling greater neutrality and comprehensiveness for the scientific activity, a plurality of strategies is necessary. Furthermore, when different strategies engage in conflict of values, decisions for the establishment of priorities and resource allocation need to be taken in democratic debates.

Expediente

Editorial por Ana Paula Garcia Boscatti, Luiz Fernando Greiner Barp e Marina Reche Felipe - Editores Assistentes

Insects play vital roles in the ecosystems where they occur but are often perceived negatively by humans. This perception is within the domain of ethnoentomology that, in general, has contributed to uniting scientific and traditional knowledge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the perception the population of the municipality of Buriticupu, Maranhão, has on insects. One hundred and seven residents were interviewed using semi-structured forms. The results demonstrated that the term “insect” was both associated to animals belonging to class Insecta and other taxonomic groups and that most of the interviewees had a negative feeling about insects. In the community, the negative perception of insects and the lack of knowledge about the importance of insects in nature contribute to aggressive actions against these animals. The information obtained in this study should be used in lectures and extension projects that inform the population about the importance of insects.

This paper explores the main philosophical approaches of David Hilbert’s theory of proof. Specifically, it is focuses on his ideas regarding logic, the concept of proof, the axiomatic, the concept of truth, metamathematics, the a priori knowledge and the general nature of scientific knowledge. The aim is to show and characterize his epistemological approach on the foundation of knowledge, where logic appears as a guarantee of that foundation. Hilbert supposes that the propositional apriorism, proposed by him to support mathematics, sustains — on its turn — a general method for the treatment of the problem in other areas such as natural sciences. This method is axiomatic. Broadly speaking, we intend to recover and update the Hilbert’s philosophical thinking about the role of logic for scientific knowledge.

Objetive: This article presents the mode of distance education as a possibility of social and digital inclusion. As of 2006, with the distance education regulation in federal institutions of higher education, it was possible to have a significant expansion in the number of vacancies offered, and the long-distance education, previously seen as a marginalized and unrecognized education, now presents itself as a concrete possibility of a quality education. The objective of the article was to identify how access to Distance Higher Education can contribute to the social and digital inclusion process of people located in small towns in the Northeast.Methods: For this, the quantitative-qualitative research was carried out with 42 students of the degree course in Agrarian Sciences of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba. The instrument of data collection was a mixed online questionnaire (with closed and open questions), adopting a sample for convenience.Results: It can be seen that EAD can become one of the most appropriate options for some people who have limiting factors, such as full-time work, absence of time for exclusive dedication to graduation, or reside in places that do not have proximity to traditional public universities.Conclusions: The students still perceive that there is prejudice or discrimination in society by taking a distance course, but recognize that they feel socially included, expect to be incorporated by the labor market, and do not believe that there is a distinction between companies in relation to EAD.

Book review: DAL ROSSO, S. O ardil da flexibilidade: os trabalhadores e a teoria do valor. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2017. 286 p.

From a duodecenal literary review, in periodicals devoted explicitly to physics teaching, we observed that the relationship between ENEM and teaching practice is not investigated. Discussions about the possibility that  ENEM  is  contributing  to  the promotion of traditional classroom postures are strongly avoided in the last 20 years. From this perspective, the exam would be in great conflict with active learning methodologies. The paper presents the details of the review implemented, proposing that the possible mechanisms of influence of this exam in classroom activities be brought to the center of the discussions about physics teaching.

In African countries in general, colonial power found in black women’s naked bodies an axial instrument for the material and symbolic exercise of violence and appropriation. Embodiment was discursively constructed to legitimate the imposition of a social order codified by race and gender. As anticolonial and independence projects were built for these countries, again black women’s naked bodies were handled as a fundamental discursive instrument by a power which was now black, but still male and patriarchal, and that likewise objectified, dominated, expropriated, controlled and violated them. It is important, thus, to consider the ways in/by which black women contest this appropriation and resist this violence through incisive voices that reclaim their bodies. Women writers and poets create new poetic grammars to display their femininities, their nakedness and their marked black skin as the true locus of articulation of violence and resistance.

In this paper I will focus on the work of the Palestinian artist Mona Hatoum, who has been an exile and an emigré for many years and who strongly reflects this identitarian condition in her artistic practice. My discussion will be anchored in Said’s concept of the “contrapuntal” and his questioning of the borders between public and private space, the emotional and the political, the fading notions of “home” and “homeland” in the context of migration and exile. Moreover, I will argue that as a woman artist who is socially and politically engaged Hatoum’s work helps us reflect on the new challenges transnational Feminism faces today as an emancipatory and a resilient critical movement.

Expediente v. 23, n. 53, 2018