Repositório RCAAP

This study aims at understanding the process of accommodation of two Northeastern dialects of Brazilian Portuguese, in the light of Communication Accommodation Theory (GILES et al., 1987) and Variation Theory (LABOV, 1966; 1972). The phonological phenomenon focused on this paper is the realization of coronal fricative /S/ in coda position, since this segment clearly marks the difference between the dialects (Joao Pessoa (State of Paraiba) x Recife (State of Pernambuco). The corpus consisted of seven informants from Paraiba living in Recife for more than 2 years. The data collected from interviews with informants were subjected to statistical analysis by Goldvarb X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005). The results, based upon quantitative and qualitative analysis, show that the relevant variables to the phenomenon were length of residence, amount of exposure to dialect and frequency of visits to Paraiba

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation between CCV and CV syllables in the speech of children with acquisition completed, taking the theoretical assumptions of the Usage-based Phonology and Exemplar Models. In this approach, it is assumed that mental representation is composed of multiple exemplars and that the linguistic structure emerges from the usage. It was used repetition of words, picture naming, story retelling and memory game interaction procedure using figures that represent words with tautosyllabic consonantal clusters. The results indicated that the words had different behavior regarding the cancellation of the vibrant of tautosyllabic clusters in the speech of children with acquisition completed. The factors of individual, word, tonicity, size and token frequency were found to be relevant.

In this paper we analyze the variation of bilabial plosive [p, b] in the speech of Brazilian Portuguese in contact with Hunsrückisch. This linguistic phenomenon may occur in bairro~pairro e porongos~borongos. For this study we analyze the recorded speech obtained from twenty-four sociolinguistic interviews. The data were quantitatively analyzed with the help of VARBRUL computational program package, in their GoldVarb X version, in order to verify the linguistic and extralinguistic factors which constrain the realization of the plosives. As a result of this study, the frequency of variation of bilabial plosives is low. Older informants, women, bilinguals and informants with lower education levels tend to apply the variable rule

This paper is about the use of flap where a trill is expected in Brazilian Portuguese (cachorro~cachoro, arroz~aroz) by German descendants in situated speech. Both quantitative (LABOV, 1972) and microinteractional qualitative analysis (LODER; JUNG, 2008; GARCEZ, 2008) of the data are done. The quantitative analysis showed that the variable age plays a role in the use of flap: it is favored by participants who are older than 40 years old and disfavored by participants who are younger than 40 years old. The microinteractional qualitative analysis of speech in social interaction revealed that the variable use of flap is generally not made relevant by the participants. A single use of flap by a participant who is younger than 40 years old was problematized by the interactants. We claim that the problematization is due to the expectations derived from common sense shared knowledge: young people are not expected to make such a use of flap in Brazilian Portuguese, an expectation which is also expressed by the relative weights obtained by the quantitative variable rule analysis. Older participants by their turn are expected to use flap instead of trill in Brazilian Portuguese, so the participants do not make that use relevant in the interaction. This expectation also conforms to the tendency verified by the quantitative analysis.

This work is supposed to investigate the relationships between photograph and comics, analyzing three examples in which these relationships are presented in a particular way: the books Maus, by Art Spiegelman; Waltz with Bashir, by Ari Folman and David Polonsky; and The Photographer, by Didier Lefèvre, Emmanuel Guibert and Frédéric Lemerciel. The main goal is to understand Goethe’s notion of Weltliteratur under a contemporary perspective, in which the literature totalization occurs not only through the adventure of idiom and culture alterity, but also through the cross of very different narrative languages. Therefore, this work wishes to offer a kind of model for the analysis of multimodal works, which do not have a solid theory for them yet – precisely because they are something new.

The main goal of this paper is to discuss what are the most usual/productive forms of participle in Brazilian Portuguese, to understand the distribution of regular and irregular forms in compound tenses (tinha pago/pagado – 'had paid') and passive constructions (foi pago/pagado – '(it) was paid'), and the unexpected choice of irregular participles in contexts where, according to grammatical tradition, one would expect the use of regular forms (tinha chego instead of tinha chegado – 'had arrived'). We performed a quantitative analysis using the VARBRUL software. The results, however, are shown only in terms of frequencies, since the phenomenon is not necessarily characterized as a variable rule. Data from two corpora have been analyzed quantitatively: VARSUL Database (Variação Linguística na Região Sul do Brasil) and tests of productivity containing dictionarized words and pseudowords. The results showed a general preference for regular forms in spontaneous speech data. We observed, however, a peculiar use of irregular participle in data from tests of productivity, possibly justified by the prestige of those forms.

This paper presents the findings of a survey on final unstressed mid vowel raising in Portuguese language spoken by descendants of Polish immigrants in the city of Vista Alegre do Prata-RS. Based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of the Variation Theory, 24 personal experience interviews with informants from the community were carried out. The statistical analysis of data has shown us that the rule has a modest recurrence in the community, being the /o/ raising more frequent than the /e/ raising. It was also verified that linguistic and social variables affect the application of the rule for both vowels.

This work deals with mid vowel variation in unstressed (pretonic) vowel. We analyze this kind of vowel in Brazilian Portuguese spoken in Belem, Pará, northern Brazil. The corpus is formed by 1.434 data from 48 native speakers stratified by sex, age and school level. The results show that the mid variant is more frequent than the high and low variants in the Portuguese language spoken in the urban area of the city. The factor groups that condition the mid vowel in unstressed syllable production are: a) vowel in stressed syllable; b) distance between stressed and unstressed syllable; c) suffix; d) onset consonant; e) syllabic weight; f) school level and g) age

Presentation of the issue: Language and Cognition: interfaces between Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics

The use of falling diphthongs has been widely discussed in studies based on Variationist Sociolinguistics in a considerable part of Brazil. The results obtained have demonstrated that the reduction of these diphthongs in words such as “touro”, “eixo”, for instance, is almost categorical, and, in its majority, the social constraints such as gender, age, and years of schooling are no longer significant, i.e. they are not selected by the computational programme responsible for the statistical analysis of the data, GOLDVARB. The concern towards the written language has not been as general as to the oral language, thus the interest in working with the former variable. Our objective in this paper is to investigate the interference of speech in writing through the monophthongisation process of the diphthongs [ej] ~ [e] e [ow] ~ [o] in 3rd to 5th year Ensino Fundamental students in one public and one private school in the city of João Pessoa. The authors who served as theoretical support to the research were Mollica (2000), Bortoni-Ricardo (2004), Almeida e Zavam (2004), Hora (2006), Bisol (1999) e Paiva (1996). The data collected through the tests, which were elaborated in accord with the dependent and independent variables controlled in the study, were analysed statistically, as aforementioned, by means of the GOLDVARB programme. Amongst the main results we have found that: the male students monophthongised more than the female ones; the monophthogised occurrences are less frequent to the extent that the level of schooling is higher; the monophthogisation of the diphthong [ow] is more productive than that of [ej]; the students from the private school monothongise less than those from the public school; and the variants coronal consonants and palatal consonants, when preceding the diphthong [ow], were selected as strongly favourable ones for the deleting of the semivowel from the diphthongs.

Description of intonation in assertive statements in Portuguese spoken in Natal, Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre. In this article, we analyze the speech of 12 informants, men and women, equally distributed in three locations in different regions of Brazil, with the aim of describing intonational behaviors based on the corpus of the “Atlas Linguístico do Brasil” (ALiB). After analyzing the data using the computational program PRAAT, we have found, on the autossegmental and metric theory, the following phonological patterns: H*________ H+L*L%; L+H*_______H+L*L%; and L+H*________H+H*L%. Papers of this nature are relevant to the preparation of prosodic letters and to the description of Portuguese.

This paper aims to discuss theories called multi-representational models (usagebased phonology and exemplar models), highlighting the contributions of these theories to the comprehension of sound variation and change. According to multi-representational models, variation is part of a speaker’s knowledge and is represented in his mind alongside with sociointeractional factors. Thus, mental representation is considered multiple, variable and dynamic as language is. We argue that multi-representational models give an important contribution to variation analysis incorporating gradient templates and probability in the organization of linguistic knowledge.

The goal of this work is the study of the alternation between two verb tenses – Future of Past Tense and Imperfect Tense – in main clauses of hypothetical contexts in the speech of maceioenses. The alternation between these two verb tenses is possible because these tenses share the property of referring to unfinished/unbounded events/actions. What puzzles us is the reason that makes a speaker choose one or another verb tense. We start from the hypothesis that the Imperfect Tense supersedes the Future of Past Tense in main clauses of hypothetical contexts of spoken language.

This article deals with the variation MORE ~ AND in the context of coordination of elements in the sentence. It seeks to identify the linguistic contexts that favor the use of one variant or another, as well as to check the trajectory of variant MAIS in afrodescendant rural dialect considering linguistic and social factors along the lines of Sociolinguistics. In this research it was considered that the variation MORE ~ AND is a result of contact between languages that occurred in Brazil during the colonization period, thus, we selected two Afro-descent rural communities – Helvecia and Cinzento - located in the state of Bahia. The results show that the use of MAIS is favored in the community of Helvecia, among adults and elderly speakers, among illiterates and those who never left their communities.

This paper aims to analyze the output forms of the post-vocalic lateral in the community of Lages/SC under the Variation Theory, since, in Brazilian Portuguese, the lateral /l/, when in the final position of a syllable, is performed in a variable manner, ranging from alveolar [l], velar [], semivowel [w], deletion [Ø] or rhotacism [r]. According to the literature, such variation may happen due to either social or linguistic factors. Due to the results obtained after running the software VARBRUL, we chose a binary analysis for the vocalization of the lateral against other forms of realization of the phoneme /l/, however comments that we considered appropriate regarding all of them are made.The analysis of our data is compared and contrasted with the results achieved in previous studies and shows that social factors such as age, educational background and sex are relevant to the application of a variable rule as well as the linguistic factors stress, morpheme border and precedent phonological context. Lastly we analyze the social factors that favor the many output forms of /l/, based on the data supplied by each of the interviewees used in this research.

Our study is the result of a Labovian sociolinguistic research whose object of study consists of the variable use of anaphoric forms in accusative as clitics, personal pronouns and null objects. We have mainly based our study on Camara Júnior (2004), Cyrino (1993, 1997. 2000), Duarte (1989) and Oliveira (2007). The methodology used for the description and analysis of the data is based on Quantitative Sociolinguistics (LABOV, 2008 [1972]). The sample investigated in this work consists of written texts produced by students from the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades, from four public schools in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. The independent internal variables include semantic, morphosyntactic and syntactic aspects, and the independent external variables are: ‘sex’, ‘age’ and ‘schooling’. The results revealed that the “reto” pronoun and the null object were the students’ most frequently used variants, and the “oblíquo” pronoun appeared as a rarely used option, mainly conditioned by the antecedent ‘animacy’ feature.

This article takes three tries on understanding why crime fiction is such a global phenomena and what it has to say about world literature. In first place, we’ll approach the question as it was formulated by G. K. Chesterton in 1902, i. e., why detective stories are so popular. He has two arguments: the genre’s ability to talk about the present and the way it guarantees the well being of the society. A second try rounds about crime fiction’s structure, as formulated by Roger Caillois and Tzvetan Todorov. Ultimately, the massification of crime fiction is explained by its behavior as a genre, after Jacques Derrida and Anvitta Ronell’s studies. In conclusion, crime fiction, as a genre, has a economy similar to world literature, as it repeats itself through space and time, and, by this proliferation, acquires marks, anomalies. World literature is also a proliferation that has its untranslatable marks.

The universe of bestiaries, with its formulaic variations and interpolations (complex, seemingly endless), offered a narrative possibility within the framework of hybrid (between the descriptions and the conceptions, all evoked by the mimetical structure of narration). Vilém Flusser and Louis Bec, in the end of the twentieth century, recovering something of the structure of the composition of medieval bestiary, as well as some of his provocative mixed structure to propose a mirror to the man in the deep ocean, the Vampyroteuthis infernalis.

The paper aims to conceptualize the term poverty having as main subjacent notion the George Bataille’s writes related with the necessity of parity in the western economy, as well as the imperative in dismantles it to clouding the sterility, i.e., creation. Since then, it will examine four Murilo Rubi~o’s stories – placing them, in the end, in contrast to the poem "A ingaia ciência" from Carlos Drummond de Andrade – to note how, as opposed to the poet, the storywriter does not adopt a melancholic posture related to the gift’s inexistence by constituting, in his writings, an immensely ruined splendor, as Bataille’s concept.

In this paper, we analyze the novels Aparição and, more briefly, Alegria breve by Vergílio Ferreira, a portuguese writer. In this analysis, we highlight the way the narrator of the novel works the theme of epiphany. This theme is one of the major philosophical movement called existentialism.