Repositório RCAAP

The aim of this review is to analyze The Environmental Humanities: A Critical Introduction (2017), by Robert S. Emmett and David E. Nye, not translated to Portuguese yet. Considering the book’s discussion and other external information, this review’s intention is to present the Environmental Humanities to Brazilian scholars, especially historians, and to motivate discussions and solutions to local environmental problem. This can be reach by interdisciplinary scientific researches in dialog with social movements, artists, public opinion and other social organizations.

The present article aims to analyze the nuclear disaster of Chernobyl, occurred in 1986 in Belarus. Its objective is to understand how the effects of radiation transformed Chernobyl and its surroundings in “contaminated zones”, what suggests a traumatized perception of space. To this end, a debate of the area of psychology about trauma was incorporated, especially from the view of a traumatic language and a traumatic temporality. In this sense, the effects of the radionuclides in the environment, which often make “life” and “death” confuse with each other in the silent and radioactive war, corroborate the interpretation that, in natural and physical terms, the nuclear disaster is an example of how human beings, in the present time, act as central agents of environmental change. Thus, Hannah Arendt’s analyzes of the technical advances of the Atomic Revolution and the conquest of space were used. Along those lines, through the debates about the actual epoche known as Anthropocene, the nuclear disaster demonstrates the technical capacity of ambiental implosion – or the selfdestruction of our own planet – by humanity. For the understanding of the relationship between witnesses and the radioactive space, an interpretation of the event from the lenses of the book Voices from Chernobyl, of the belarusian writer Svetlana Aleksievitch, in dialogue with scientific studies in the quimical and radiological areas.

This paper aims to understand the urbanization process in the city of Belém do Pará in a parallel with other parts of Brazil during the Belle Époque period, addressing the economic and social transformations resulting arising from the second half of the 19th century until the beginning of the following century. In order to achieve this goal, sources such as travelers’ reports, official reports of the State of Pará government, municipal albums, monography and specialized books on the subject and time were used. The Municipal Intendency Reports made it possible to read the discourse of civilization and progress propagated by Antônio Lemos, which supported the understanding of the modernization process that reached the city of Belém between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For the development of this article, it was essential to consult several sources through bibliographic and documentary research. Thus, it was obtained more than one point of view on the subject, assessing the historical context in which these sources were produced. As a result, a process stemming from a global and capitalist economy was found, influencing not only local aesthetics but also the lives of citizens. It can be said that the supposed improvements in urban infrastructure, although affecting the entire population, did not happen equally to all.

From the third decade of the nineteenth century, authorities in the Province of Goyaz (doctors, engineers, sanitarians and politicians) were concerned with the hygiene of the city. They provided decrees, laws and projects to solve the matters of public space. The adoption and imposition of hygienic practices were analyzed, according to Moraes (1995), as a dominating action of the groups in power. Therefore, they directed more attention to habits and behaviors, which reflected on people’s health, contributed to the change of the social scene and avoided epidemics to disperse among people. The objective of this article is to analyze the imposition and inspection of a set of laws responsible for regulating and disciplining the posture of people in the daily routine of the city of Goyaz, in the second half of the 19th century. The focus will be especially in a resolution dated November 14 1856, which assigned requirements determining the conditions and management for the marketing of meats on the public streets of the city.

This paper is the result of the project of organization and systematization of the collections and documents of the Research Laboratory in History of Image and Sound (LPHIS), belonging to the Postgraduate Program in History of PUCRS, which completes 23 years of existence in 2020. Thus, it seek to present its trajectory throughout these years, understanding it as a space for and fostering research, as well as presenting the context of creation of the current LPHIS in relation to that other academic research centers in image and sound.

The research deals with the urbanization process of the cities of São Leopoldo, Taquara and Novo Hamburgo (RS), during the First Republic (1889-1930). The temporal delimitation was chosen because it reproduces the period in urban projects foreseen by European modernity, if disseminated throughout the country. The study aims to understand, through photographs of urban landscapes, or the framing of local urban life up to the standards of modernity of the time. The choice of photographs oriented at the first moment in the identification of images of urban landscapes in public places; in a second stage, the places most registered by the photographers were selected; and, finally, use as repeated photographs in more than one reproduction and circulation record. The study is a comparative analysis of photographs of urban landscapes in the three cities, identifying similarities and differences between them.

This article traces the post-civil-military coup scenario of 1964, analyzing the first actions taken by the military of the Supreme Command of the Revolution to contain what they called “communist subversion” in the country, especially with the implementation of the authoritarian measure called the Institutional Act nº 1, in April 1964. We sought to understand how these repressive measures were consolidated in practice in the state of Bahia, through the establishment of Military Police Polices (IPMs) that aimed to promote a debauchery in the lives of people and public institutions. Finally, we analyzed in greater detail and accuracy the Bahian, lawyer and professor Ivanilton Costa Santos in the records of IPM nº 27/64, his ideas, his relationship with the left, especially nationalism and his thinking about the country. Therefore, we realized that the persecutions and the military modes of operation were significant in the interior of Bahia and also in ordinary people who, in this specific case, had no relation to “communism” or “subversive acts” sustained by the military.

The study on screen deals with the qualification processes for the secular clergy de Mariana, during the episcopal government of frei Manuel da Cruz (1745-1764). The research instrument consisted of using the prosopographic method, proposed by regional history. The empirical sources of support used were handwritten documents consulted in the Ecclesiastical Archive of the Archdiocese of Mariana. The conceptual theoretical apparatus refers to the recent historiography on empire, networks, connections and relations between center and periphery, central power and local power. The results of this research are presented here from modal narratives.

The Escuela-Ayllu de Warisata, located on the Bolivian altiplano between Lake Titicaca and the snowfall of Illampu, was an indigenous and rural education project that took place in Bolivia in the 1930s (1931-1940) and intended to integrate the concepts and knowledge of indigenous populations within national ideals. The relationship with the bio-physical environment appears in a remarkable way in the auto-biographical source of Elizardo Pérez, one of the founders of the project. Moreover, the school was inserted in a context of dispute for access to land, for autonomy and for the ways of organizing space that put the concepts of local indigenous communities in conflict with the interests of large landowners. In this article, we observe how the school sought to “revitalize” these indigenous knowledge and, also, a bio-cultural memory related to the highland environment using the productivity argument as a way to legitimize this project before the Bolivian society.

The present article describes itself to analyze the socio-environmental impacts undertaken by several projects of modernization and expropriation of land in common use of traditional pasture communities in the state of Bahia. The pasture fund, so called by its occupants, has its useful life without using the soil, with no fences, for extensive animal husbandry and for fruit extraction, these in turn are consumed and marketed by these residents. These areas are located mainly in the caatinga biome, with their greatest concentration in the north and northeast regions of Bahia and, in general, facing several problems related to the guarantee of land tenure, dating back to the Land Law of 1850 and several subsequent legislation that do not compare or how to use the land. In addition to the absence of fences, we also practice environmental preservation, since we do not use deforestation or predatory hunting. Since the 1970s, these communities face a series of conflicts motivated mainly by the incursion of the grid into their lands, aiming at land concentration and the implementation of modernizing projects such as the construction of large dams, the implantation of parks and miners and miners, that suffer different damages in the daily lives of these communities.

Based on the analysis of the labour cases initiated by the workers against a group of industries in Porto Alegre, founders of Cinfa (Centro da indústria fabril) whose complaints mainly referred to sickness benefits, the objective is to verify the performance of the Labour Court, as well as its founding principles, the experiences of workers in court disputes, the existing legislation that regulated the payment of salaries or aid in cases of illness and the decisions of the 1ª Junta de Conciliação e Julgamento since its installation (1941 ) until the end of the Estado Novo (1945). It is, therefore, the initial period of the organization and functioning of the Labor Court, a kind of administrative labor court that had relative autonomy due to its connection with the Executive Power.

The Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) increasing in the world is a direct consequence of population and consumption growth. Each year more and more MSW is generated, which needs to be correctly collected and transported. This MSW management stage addresses the collection and transportation of waste from cities to a landfill and is one of the steps that most damage the environment through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study made a historical analysis of the MSW management in the Novo Hamburgo city located in the Rio Grande do Sul state and proposed a new route for MSW collection vehicle trucks using different scenarios. For this, the Network Analyst tool was used within a Geographic Information System software to identify the most efficient routes for MSW collecting vehicles. Based on this information, the financial costs and GHG emissions to carry out the MSW collection were estimated. The results showed that to mitigate the gases emitted by MSW collection trucks in one year, it would be necessary to plant more than 285 thousand Atlantic Forest native trees accordingly to the routing scenario choose, this gives an average area equivalent to 15,900 soccer fields, without taking into account the transportation of this MSW to the Minas do Leão landfill, which is located more than 100 km away from the Nova Hamburgo center and would considerably increase this value. Therefore, the MSW management historical analysis and the definition of more efficient MSW collection routes will bring to the city better public cleaning services and environmental impacts mitigation.

SOARES, Fabrício Antônio Antunes; SILVA, Ricardo Oliveira da. História e literatura: abordagens interdisciplinares. Criciúma, SC: UNESC, 2019.    

In this paper we have approached the concept of honour. We have alsoconducted a case study about the increased possibility of litigation because of the expansion of the legal system of the Brazilian Empire. The theoretical reflection has been based on sociohistorical and anthropological approaches of honour as social, family and subjective phenomenon. Historical studies have shown that, as Modern State becomes structured, honour disputes gradually become a legal issue. People from different social classes begin to use the court to defend their personal image. Whether conflicts were violent or not, honour was a value which made them worthwhile because brought people social prestige. A good example is the case of Pedro Cazanga, a resident of the hamlet of Arcos, in the Province of Minas Gerais, in the nineteenth century. He required the “right” to his honour in a legal dispute, which shows not only the importance of honour at that time, but also what was allowed by the legal system.

Presentation of the thematic dossier "History and Environment" of the issue 2020/2 of Oficina do Historiador.

The late 1970s and early 1980s marked England through the neoliberal measures instituted by Margaret Thatcher. In this context, social inequalities and poverty have advanced mainly in the peripheral neighborhoods of large cities. In London the reality was no different, in which neighborhoods formed by a majority of immigrants suffered from unemployment and police violence, in addition to the constant increase in the prison population. The urban chaos resulted in the appearance of popular uprisings, which we will try to portray through two songs by the punk rock band called The Clash. We will use the songs Guns of Brixton and London Calling to reflect on the historical moment that London was going through. The songs are from the year 1979, and the popular revolt of Brixton occurred in the year 1981, however, since when the music was written, tensions in the neighborhood existed, and a great revolt arose between the 10th and 12th of April 1981. I will try to understand how the urban climate allowed the songs to portray the events that happened two years later in such a real way, for this, I will use as a theoretical reference authors who problematize postmodernity and criticize neoliberalism, especially due to the actions Thatcher government.

One of the great problems of the sciences in general, is the constant search for universalizations, generalizations and systematizations of their objects, data, contents and results. Perhaps they are still vestiges or remnants of positivism or the identification with a possible scientism. However, in doing so, the very character, role, meaning and function of science is denied, which is to be provisional, and not permanent or eternal. Even in certain cases, there is the possibility of universalization, generalization and systematization, in which they will also remain open and not closed in themselves. Therefore, this work seeks to examine and reflect on what history is, the meaning of history and historiography by approaches, aspects and instruments of philosophy, sociology, anthropology, philosophy of history, historiography, theory of history, writing history and others. This is so that in this way we may be able to get rid of certain myths, contents and productions of a certain history and universalist historiography. Since, in such a narrative and writing of history, there were many misinterpreted, mythical and generalizing interpretations of the history of the world and of people in general, where Eurocentrism, Europeanism and Westernism took over the presentation and representation of historical and culture of the world, almost an acculturation and homogenization of peoples, cultures and ethnicities, mischaracterizing them in their own narratives and historical processes, all within a “Western historical package and product.” In which the story was placed and reduced to determinisms of different types and modes. Therefore, one of the crucial objectives here is to deconstruct such narratives, perceptions and procedures of sneaky acculturation and ethnocentrism in world history. Therefore, if it is necessary to overcome any and all narrative, writing and historical production that places groups, ethnicities and cultures between superiors and inferiors in historical production and in history, in which the superior groups make history and are the protagonists of it, while the inferior groups are the mere supporting actors in the world, as well as in historical production. This is because its history and production are fields of disputes, conflicts and clashes of ideals. Occurring thus, even by scientific production.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the performance of the School Meals Council (SMC) in the municipal schools of Passo Fundo, a municipality located in the North of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), verifying the performance of the members in the inspection and participation of the National Program School Meals (PNAE) at the municipal level. This is an explanatory research, with a qualitative approach to the data collected through interviews, bibliographic and documentary research. SMC is a public policy management council, whose purpose is to monitor, supervise and control the application of resources destined to PNAE, having a supervisory, deliberative and advisory character. The results found indicate that this council is participatory, active and dialogues with other councils, aiming to contribute to the improvement of the PNAE. However, it is highlighted that one of the main difficulties refers to the high turnover of its members.

The current paper aims to present and reflect about a project named “Seridó: on the History steps”, which was developed on the Program Pedagogical Residency (RP), of the Degree in History at UFRN – Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte – Caicó Campus. The mentioned Project was developed at the State School Antônio Aladim (EEAA), in the city of Caicó/RN. During the first term of 2019, scholarship holder residents of the program developed classes and activities which debated about the concepts of memory, identity, patrimony and local History. The crowning achievement of the Project was a field class which had as an itinerary the main historic sites of the city of Caicó. The results reinforce the importance of studying about Patrimony Education and Local History at the school curriculum, as long as it enables the students to recognize themselves as agents involved in the production of History.

The growth of social movements such as Feminism has been remarkable. Removing conservative perspectives on it, its need, legitimacy, and importance, as well as advances and achievements, are undeniable. The changes we are going through due to the intensive insertion of the internet in our daily lives are also being reflected in the ways of struggle, debate, and expression. In this sense, it is also notable the growing number of women engaged, organized by their rights and how this enhances the political strength of these organizations. Manuel Castells (2012) states that the intrinsic relationship between socio-political actions that start on social networks and impact cohesive and politically engaged crowds are causing these huge changes in the political-institutional direction. It is from this perspective that we intend to understand the articulation that occurred in the 2018 Elections in Brazil. In this sense, we will look at the movement carried out by women, known as “Ele Não”, and the articulations made by supporters of the then candidate Jair Bolsonaro.