Repositório RCAAP

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Constitutional mutation is a process of modification of constitutional texts, being used, more frequently, as a synonym for informal change, that is, a process in which the text of the Constitution remains intact, changing the meaning of the legal norm. In this sense, the dissertation aims to analyze the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court, as an interpreter of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, in the way it produces constitutional mutation through the interpretation of constitutional rules. The research is carried out through a bibliographic review about constitutional mutation and case studies, embodied in Brazilian Supreme Court rulings, selected from the repercussion in Brazilian society. In the first chapter, the legal literature of the 19th and 20th century is reviewed, from the formalist German doctrine of Paul Laband to the systematization by Hsü Dau-Lin and Konrad Hesse, considering the meanings, classifications and limits of constitutional mutation. In the second chapter, the methods of interpretation adopted by the hermeneutical schools in Europe and the United States are studied. In the third and last chapter, in addition to the presentation of the origins and performance of the Brazilian Supreme Court, a case study is carried out, based on the selection and analysis of four judicial decisions of the Egregious Court, namely, party infidelity, recognition of the stable homosexual union, abstraction of diffuse control and criminalization of homophobia and transphobia. After the case study, it was concluded that in three of the four decisions, the Brazilian Supreme Court, through an active stance, adopted interpretations that violated the constitutional text, configuring an unconstitutional mutation.

Acesso online; https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=a97a1gpdSG4

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

O jornalismo ganhou espaço nas histórias em quadrinhos de super-heróis logo no começo do gênero. Desde então, diversos personagens com as mais variadas personalidades e motivações foram criados para enriquecer e tornar verossímeis as histórias das principais editoras. Esse trabalho se dedica a pontuar os tópicos que estabelecem a ethos dos jornalistas e, em seguida, compará-los às representações dos jornalistas nos gibis. Por meio dos estudos semióticos de Ferdinand de Saussure, Charles S. Peirce e Lúcia Santaella, será possível esmiuçar as características visuais das histórias. Ademais, constará no presente trabalho a definição de análise de conteúdo elaborada por Laurence Bardin. A esta definição juntam-se Roque Moraes, Anderson dos Santos Carvalho e Guanis de Barros Vilela Junior, fundamentais para a compreensão acerca de quais contextos do mundo real foram reinseridos nas histórias em quadrinhos.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Droughts, floods, severe storms, melting ice caps and consequent rise in sea level are some of the consequences of climate change. Concerning the human side of the climate change, some experts estimate that 200 million to 250 million people will be forced off their land by mid-century and the European Union itself has already established that migration pressure will increase substantially due to this issue. Considering this scenario, it becomes urgent that the rights of thousands of individuals and groups of people displaced by the climate change be recognized. Nowadays, there is no framework convention able to provide protection and assistance for those affected populations. In fact, this new category of climate or environmental misallocated persons, refugees or migrants seems to be problematic and controversial. Two different options are presented as a viable legal solution for this impasse: the first one would be to consider them as a type of refugee in this sense the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees should be reviewed; the second one points to the direction of a negotiation of a new convention, and therefore a terminological definition based on the human rights law or specifically on the climate change by enhancing the international legal mechanisms for the construction of guiding principles to deal with this new category of misallocated people. This discussion, which is blended with the need of deepening knowledge on the matter of climate and international environmental law, is intrinsically related to the issues of human rights and citizenship, expressed, in a wider range global one where it could be named the matter of global citizenship, as consequence of solidarity among all peoples. Even though there are still possible contradictions between the affirmation of human rights and the classical concept of citizenship, the existence of global matters as the climate change must lead to the affirmation of solidarity among all people.

This dissertation presents details of a structure needed to create a Single Frequency Network (SFN) using low-power transmitters, and a comparison with a network composed of a single transmitter with high power. Among the difficulties to implement networks which distribute signals in SFN, has prioritized the synchronization issue and equalization techniques to achieve better performance of this system. Thus, there was a theoretical research comparing the different methods of timing of single frequency networks and simulations of coverage and performance in order to discuss the implementation of such a network system in the Brazilian digital TV (SBTVD).

The signature of international treaties establishing exemptions of taxes under the authority of the remaining federal entities (heteronomous tax exemptions) occasions numberless doctrine and case law discrepancies. Article 84, item VIII of the Federal Constitution sets forth that it will be incumbent upon the President of the Republic to sign Treaties, Conventions and International Acts. Therefore, and by acting in the name of the Country, the President of the Republic also acts in the name of all integrated parts of the Federal Republic of Brazil, regardless if they are states, municipalities, or territories, and no restriction applying to handling matters within the jurisdiction of other federal agencies. This possibility arises out from the fact that the Union can either act by itself, or in the name of the Federation, sometimes exercising its power as a legal entity, sometimes on behalf of the Federative Republic of Brazil, in both the domestic territory and in the international domain. In the domestic territory, it shows the Federation disposition, as it issues National Laws, and demonstrates the Union will when it issues Federal Laws. In the international domain, it represents the entire Federation by maintaining relationships with the Foreign States, participating in international conventions, waging wars and restoring peace, thereby exercising National Sovereignty.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The present thesis talks about, in its essence, the jurisdictional way of dealing with family conflicts, having as its main focus the citizenship effectiveness. Addresses the importance of the family, guided by love, affection, consensus, care and respect to the diversity and dignity of its members, as responsible to appreciation, formation and development of the human being. Reinforces the understanding that it is in the family, where happens the total prosecution of the basic rights, effecting in it the real concept of citizenship. Shows the necessity of protecting family as well as using all principles inherent to Social and Democratic State of Law, having as the basic and most important point, the human being dignity. Analysis some different kinds of families that are more common in Brazilian s society, showing first the social, personal, patrimonial and succession effects ,to show afterwards, the position of the Court facing some issues that are not disciplined by the legislation in force. Lists, not only the transformation suffered by the society related to Family Law in the last century, but also to the consequent legal development, always in accordance to the Constitution. Explores the adjudication in force, in all the Country and the way the citizen uses and evaluates it. Reflects about how this adjudication is used in family conflicts, focusing the details of the conflicts, its time and who is involved. Talks about alternative ways of solving conflicts and demonstrates the need to adopting these ways in wide scale in actions involving Family Law, transforming the opponent culture in a composing culture. Furthermore it envisions the Court provision and the legal proposes to mediate reconciliation in family conflicts, having as a goal, to make it easy to the citizens having a different treatment, as an accessible via to guarantee their rights and the guarantees ensured in the Constitution. Beyond that, it suggests adopting in full, the Bill that establishes the Special Family Court as the way of jurisdiction provision more appropriate to family conflicts, according as it uses exactly the alternative ways of solving conflicts to the causes of their competence and enables the participation of a multidisciplinary team, in a structure guided by celerity, competence, and effectiveness of its decisions in full working.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

Os Direitos Fundamentais de dignidade da pessoa humana são pilares constitucionais do Estado brasileiro, com seu rol elencado principalmente no artigo 5o, da Constituição Federal de 1988 (CRFB/88). A princípio esse rol de axiomas está direcionado ao respeito dos Direitos Fundamentais, que, em tese, deveria ser seguido a exaustão por todo o Poder Público, para o provimento de desenvolvimento da cidadania e da nação como um todo. A pesquisa em tela tem como principal objetivo a análise da relação promiscua do Estado com o crime organizado presente nas regiões periféricas. Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o emprego de leitura de artigos, periódicos e livros que tratam da atuação do PCC em São Paulo e sobre o tribunal do crime – que constantemente é divulgado pelos diversos setores da mídia, de modo a criar uma quimera autoritarista urbana dotada de valoração objetiva – que tem como pitar estrutural o medo da violência existente nas comunidades onde a classe trabalhadora vive e convive com a presença do PCC. Nessas regiões é possível a constatação de uma forma de poder disciplinar, oriunda da intersecção do poder de polícia do Estado com o poder de “polícia” do crime organizado. Por meio dessa pesquisa foi oportuno detectar e revelar que a periferia, formada por seres humanos historicamente desprivilegiados, sofre de punições proporcionadas pela omissão do Estado e pela atuação do crime organizado. Aliadas a isso a exclusão das periferias no acesso as riquezas nacionais não permite que os direitos fundamentais sejam obtidos pela classe trabalhadora periférica, afinal é neste tipo de contexto que a Teoria da Co-culpabilidade do Estado – onde o Estado por sua omissão estereotipada fabrica o perfil de delinquente e delinquência – desenvolvida por Eugenio Raúl Zaffaroni (1981), ganha forma perante as situações de autodeterminação e criminalidade das regiões periféricas, local onde a grande massa de proletariados está marginalizada. Na presença dessa realidade periférica, esta pesquisa buscou elucidar os vetores sintomáticos com a interpretação das normas constitucionais, dos processos judiciais, de determinados conjuntos de programas, ações e omissões empreendidas pelo Estado e suas consequências, a atuação das facções criminosas nas comunidades e o resultado dessa atuação, com o propósito de se verificar como funciona a estrutura de dominação do trabalhador e os fatores que impossibilitam a revolta generalizada dessa população, visto que seus direitos, esperanças e projeção de igualdade programados pela Constituição Federal de 1988 não se mostram reais até o presente momento.

The author talks about the social rights, its history and characteristics, especially in relation to the Right to Housing, an authentic social right. It is his main concern the implementation of this right and the fact that, although it is part of the present established constitution, and even before, when it could be inferred from the constitutional text as well as it could be printed on international documents, there still remain the excluded ones, particularly, the low-wage population or the ones who have no wages who notwithstanding their situation, should never be put A side from these rights, and above all, observing the principle of dignity of the human being. The lawmakers try to demonstrate that the social rights and specially the right for housing are goals that cannot be left aside. On the other side, it is intended from the constitutional text, as well as the referring ordinary legislation, the intention of make it effective, already existing the instruments, institutes and governamental agencies that can act towards this subject, highlighting as fundamental importance the participation of the civil society. It is intended to demonstrate the necessity of the Nation to be organized eficiently, so that everybody can have decent housing conditions.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Ganhador do prêmio TCC - 2º Semestre de 2016

Information and communication technologies have transformed several aspects of society, changing both the way knowledge is transmitted and the way in which the challenges faced by most large cities can be resolved, with urban mobility being one of those issues . Thus, supported by technological development (IoT focused on the concept of smart cities), this work analyzed tra c accidents and the factors that contribute to the explanation of the phenomenon, related to the part of the explainability of urban mobility in the city of São Paulo. Factors such as: weather, presence of radars, type of victim, region of the accident in the car, geographical position, among others, were analyzed, considering the time window de ned by the months of February 2016, 2017 and 2018. The models of this dissertation were structured in three parts: classi cation models, survival model and spatial model. In the rst phase, we sought to associate these factors with the occurrence of trafic accidents, through classi cation models, through data mining in various databases. Subsequently, the duration of the accident on the road was related to the performance of the trafic professional, through the survival analysis (duration of the obstructed road). Finally, a spatial study was conducted, using georeferencing data, and a trafic accident visualization tool called São Paulo SmartViz Trafic was developed to observe bottlenecks in the city's trafic and show the presence of some bus routes. The results showed that the most statistically signi cant factor (at a signi cance level of 5 %) in the explanation of accidents was the georeferenced location of the claims at the expense of external factors: presence of rain and presence of xed electronic speed enforcement, summarizing that there is a greater propensity for the occurrence of the accident in downtown São Paulo.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior