Repositório RCAAP

This work employed pregnant rats treated with Solanum lycocarpum unripe fruits (10% in diet) from gestation day (GD) 06 to post-natal day (PND) 07, for the evaluation of the sperm number, daily sperm production and epididymal sperm transit time of the male offspring at PND 60 and PND 90. No differences were observed in the daily sperm production (DSP) and sperm number in the testis of the exposed males at PND 60 and PND 90. Also, no alterations were observed in sperm transit time in the caput epididymis of the exposed males at PND 60 and PND 90. However, a reduced sperm transit time was observed in the corpus/cauda epididymis of the experimental males at PND 90. The last data may explain the reduced sperm number observed in the corpus/cauda epididymis of the experimental male rats at PND 90. These data show that the male rats exposed to S. lycocarpum fruits during gestation did not present alterations in testis sperm production and number, however the sperm transit time through epididymis was impaired, resulting in a decreased number of spermatozoa in epididymis cauda. We conclude that S. lycocarpum may cause imbalance on hypothalamus-pituitary gland axis

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as condições sanitárias de frango e diversos tipos de lingüiças comercializados na cidade de Botucatu,São Paulo, pela determinação do número mais provável de coliformes a 45ºC/g além da pesquisa de Salmonella pela metodologia tradicional e pela PCR. Foram coletadas 50 amostras de carcaça de frango e 75 de lingüiças frescais, procedentes de nove estabelecimentos diferentes da cidade, no período de abril a novembro de 2006. Das 50 amostras de frango, 35 (70%) estavam fora dos parâmetros microbiológicos, segundo a RDC nº12 da Anvisa (>;10(4) coliformes a 45ºC/g). Embora nessa Resolução, a pesquisa de Salmonella não seja exigida, 4 amostras (8%) apresentaram o patógeno pela metodologia tradicional. Essa presença foi confirmada pela PCR, que também foi positiva para mais 23 amostras, num total de 27 positivas (54%). Dentre as 75 amostras de lingüiças, 30 (40%) estavam fora dos limites permitidos, com 7 amostras positivas para Salmonella, pela metodologia tradicional. Entretanto, se considerar-se a pesquisa pela PCR, o número de amostras positivas aumenta para 42 (56%). Somando-se a taxa de freqüência de Salmonella aos limites microbiológicos para coliformes a 45ºC, 86,7% das lingüiças analisadas estavam impróprias para o consumo.

Toxoplasmosis is widespread zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii , a protozoan that may infect mammals and birds. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of T. gondii in ostriches (Struthio camelus) from commercial breeding facilities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a way to increase the knowledge on the behavior and importance of the parasite in this animal species. A total of 195 serum samples were collected from ostriches from Sorocaba, Campinas, São Carlos, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Vale do Ribeira, Botucatu and são José do Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo. These samples were analyzed by means of the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) in order to investigate the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. The test showed that 14.36% of the animals were seropositive to Toxoplasma gondii. Minimum titer was considered to be equal or greater than 1:16, and the greatest dilution observed was 1:16,384. No statistically significant differences were found between males and females. Seronegative animals occurred in only two regions (São Paulo and São José do Rio Preto). These results point out the importance of further studies on this infection in ostriches, and on management practices that may minimize the risk of toxoplasmosis transmission in these birds which would, in their turn, decrease the risk for the final consumer.

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania spp. protozoa. Dog is the main parasite's reservoir, especially in urban areas. Indirect Immunofluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) is commonly used for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis, by detection of antibodies against the parasite. However, Trypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi) cross reactions can occur in serological diagnosis. In order to evaluate the occurrence of cross reactions between antigens of Leishmania spp. and T.cruzi, 150 blood samples of CVL epidemiological inquiry positive dogs were collected and sera were tested by IFAT. Dogs were culled at Zoonosis Control Center of Bauru (SP), an endemic area for VL. Another 150 dogs' blood samples were collected in Botucatu (SP), a non endemic area for LV, and sera were also tested by IFAT. Serum samples of dogs from Bauru were positive, both for Leishmania spp. and for T. cruzi, showing high cross-reactions incidence, reinforcing the need of diagnosis confirmation by other tests. Serum samples of dogs from Botucatu demonstrated low prevalence of positive results by IFAT, both for Leishmania spp. and T.cruzi. However,despite the low number of positive serological results for these parasites, the epidemiological and serological investigation for LV and Chagas disease in dogs from Botucatu must be kept, considering the importance of dog as domestic reservoir for both parasites.

O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da substituição da proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja crua na dieta de ratos em crescimento sobre o ganho de peso, consumo de ração, eficiência alimentar e parâmetros séricos (proteínas totais, albumina, aminotransferases, uréia, creatinina e amilase pancreática), visando estabelecer limites biologicamente seguros para inclusão de soja crua na dieta dos animais por períodos de curta duração. Foram utilizados 24 ratos divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos de quatro animais e alimentados com dietas contendo cinco percentuais de substituição de proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) e um grupo com dieta aprotéica. Os animais foram mantidos por 10 dias com fornecimento de água e alimento ad libitum. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que não houve diferença significativa no consumo entre os tratamentos testados. O ganho de peso e a eficiência alimentar observados no tratamento com 25% de substituição foram equivalentes aos obtidos com clara do ovo como única fonte de proteína. Albumina sérica, aminotransferases e creatinina não foram afetadas pelo aumento do percentual de soja crua, mas houve aumento da concentração de uréia no soro a partir de 50% de substituição. Proteínas totais e amilase pancreática sérica foram afetadas pela proteína da soja crua somente acima de 75% de substituição. Análises de regressão demonstraram que a substituição da proteína da clara de ovo por proteína de soja crua em até 30% foi inócua para o desempenho e parâmetros séricos de ratos em crescimento.

This study aimed to compare conception rates at the postpartum period (PPP) in beef cows which were administered either Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) or Estradiol Benzoate (EB) after Norgestomet and submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The hypothesis was that the administration of eCG or EB enhances the conception rate. Lactating Nelore cows (n=138) and Brangus (n = 63), between 26 and 118 days of post partum period (PPP) were divided into three homogeneous groups, and subdivided in two blocks, inside each group one of them with a PPP d" 45 days (PPP1; n=107) and another with a PPP >; 45 days (PPP2; n=94). All cows received an auricular implant containing 3mg Norgestomet (Crestar®), followed by the administration of 5mg Estradiol Valerate. The auricular implants were kept during 10 days. Cows received 1mL saline solution (n=68, Control Group) or 500IU eCG (Folligon®; n=67; eCG Group) or 1mg Estradiol Benzoate (Index, n=66; EB Group) 24 hours after the removal of the implant. FTAI was made 54 hours after the implant removal. The pregnancy diagnosis was carried through ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. There was an interaction between treatments and PPP. In the PPP1, the conception rate was higher in the eCG Group than in the EB Group (47.22% vs. 15.38%; Pd"0.01). In the PPP2, the conception rates of the eCG and EB Groups were higher than in the Control Group (41.93%, 44.44% vs. 22.22%: Pd"0.01). It was concluded that in cows up to 45 days of PPP, the eCG associated with Norgestomet enhances the conception rates.

The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p<5%) between experimental groups (G1<G2). These results justify the use of gamma radiation to detoxify Crotalus durissus terrificus venom like alternative to antiserum production. The neutralizing capacity of antiserum raised against IrV was fivefold higher than that of antiserum raised against NV. Results showed a new possibility of using ovines to produce commercial crotalic antiserum, which may be employed in the treatment of human and animal envenomation. Production cost might be reduced by the subsequent utilization of hyperimmunized ovines as food.

The rhea (Rhea americana) is a South American bird of the ratite group and of the Rheiformes order. It has been exploited for economical purposes, as cattle alternative in European and South American countries. In Brazil, the State of Rio Grande do Sul is outstanding, in rhea rearing and it is in the process of implantation in the Country Northeasty Region. This work aims to describe the morphology of the blood cells in rheas. In this work ten rheas were used, regardless age and sex. Two ml of peripheral blood were collected by puncture of the brachial vein with disposable syringe. The samples here partially used to make extensions with Leishman stain. Seven types of nucleate cells have been observed through morphologic analysis on the light microscope. The erythrocyte revealed an elliptical form, with condensed nucleus of elliptical form; acidophilic cytoplasm. The thrombocyte revealed an elliptical form, with nucleus located in one of the polar regions; pale cytoplasm. As to the round-shaped leukocytes, within the granulocytes, the heterophils presented excentric, condensed, and lobulated nucleus; cytoplasm rich in fusiform salmon-colored granules. The eosinophils distinguish from the heterophils due to the round eosinophilic granules. The basophils stand out from the other granulocytes due to its large and central nucleus with round specific cytoplasmic and highly basophilic granules. Within the agranulocytes, the monocytes presented reniform nucleus, which is frequently central, with slack chromatin, with small areas of condensation; cytoplasm lightly basophilic and with vacuoles. The lymphocytes presented varies forms and sizes; large nucleus with slack chromatin with some nucleoli; scarce and basophilic cytoplasm. The cells of the peripheral blood of Rhea americana present on the light microscope morphology similar to the other birds which have already been studied.

Malassezia pachydermatis is recognized as a normal inhabitant and an opportunistic pathogen of the external ear canal and skin of dogs and cats. In special clinical conditions, and mainly in the cases of therapeutic failure related to external otitis and dermatitis complicated by this yeast, is recommended testing susceptibility to antifungal drugs. Different approaches of evaluating the susceptibility of yeasts faced to antifungals in laboratory exist, some of them are commercial approaches and others previously standardized by the CLSI (NCCLS, 2002). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of 17 samples of M. pachydermatis from canine external otitis using two different in vitro antifungal susceptibility methods: the Etest® and the broth Microdilution Method (MD) with ketoconazole. The mean MIC observed between the 17 samples were 0.103mg/mL to ETEST and 0.0012mg/mL to MD ranging from 0.004 to 0.75mg/mL in ETEST and 0.0019 and 0.03mg/mL in MD using the same samples. By ETEST, two (11.8%) samples were resistant, eight (47.1%) susceptible and seven (41.1%) showed intermediate susceptibility. Through the MD it was observed four (23.5%) resistant samples, seven (41.2%) susceptible and six (35.3%) samples with intermediate susceptibility. Despite of the percentages being equivalent in each rank of susceptibility through the two techniques, the results do not correspond to the same sample. These results showed that there is an urgent need to standardize those values considered as parameters for growth inhibition of this yeast. Then a simple and efficient method could be used routinely in the laboratory practice.

Foram utilizados 18 coelhos, Nova Zelândia, machos, adultos, para avaliação clínica e histológica do reparo do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial, decorridos 15, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório (PO). Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos para secção e aproximação epineural do ramo bucal com fio náilon monofilamentoso 10-0. Nos animais do grupo I, o nervo foi revestido com proteção de segmento de jejuno alógeno conservado em glicerina a 98% e o grupo II apenas aplicação de sutura epineural. Nos coelhos dos dois grupos ocorreu retorno da movimentação do lábio superior a partir da oitava semana. Verificou-se infiltrados celulares e células gigantes com fibrose desorganizada e fibras colágenas do envoltório alógeno entremeadas ao tecido conjuntivo. Aos 15 e 30 dias de PO, os cotos distais de ambos os grupos encontravam-se com degeneração walleriana e aos 60 dias, com fibras regeneradas. A reparação do ramo bucal dorsal do nervo facial com o segmento intestinal não foi significativamente diferente nos coelhos do controle, quanto à avaliação de recuperação funcional e histológica.

Este estudo teve como objetivo validar os conjuntos diagnósticos comerciais DPC (Coat-A-Count - Diagnostic Products Corporation/USA), em fase sólida, para dosagem de progesterona e DSL (Diagnostic System Laboratories INC/USA), em fase líquida, para dosagem de estradiol, por radioimunoensaio, em soro de Leopardus pardalis (n=5) e Leopardus tigrinus (n=4),antes (15-30 dias) e após (24-28 horas) tratamento com gonadotropinas exógenas (hCG/ Novormon® e eCG/ Vetecor®; pFSH/Folltropin-V® e pLH/Lutropin-V®). A concentração sérica para Leopardus pardalis variou 0,005 a 0,151ng/ml para estradiol e 0,15-37,22ng/ml para progesterona. A concentração sérica para Leopardus tigrinus variou 0,012-0,147ng/ml para estradiol e 0,06-34,09ng/ml para progesterona. A sensibilidade mínima detectada foi 0,004 ng/ml para progesterona e 0,00014ng/ml para estradiol. Para progesterona o coeficiente intra-ensaio baixo foi 2,58% e alto 6,36%, já o coeficiente inter-ensaio baixo foi 0,67% e alto 5,55%. Para o estradiol o coeficiente intra-ensaio baixo foi 0,69% e alto 4,15%, sendo o coeficiente inter-ensaio baixo 1,40% e alto 3,00%. Paralelismo foi encontrado para progesterona e conjunto comercial DPC com r = 0,96 para Leopardus pardalis e r = 0,99 para Leopardus tigrinus. Para estradiol em conjunto comercial DSL paralelismo foi encontrado com r = 0,98 para Leopardus pardalis e com r = 0,99 para Leopardus tigrinus. Com estes resultados podemos concluir que o conjunto diagnóstico comercial DPC para dosagem de progesterona e DSL para dosagem de estradiol foram validados para utilização em soro de Leopardus pardalis e Leopardus tigrinus, podendo ser utilizado como ferramenta no manejo reprodutivo destas espécies visando à conservação.

Seven conventional adult horses were inoculated intranasally with a Brazilian A4/72 strain of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). In the first ten days after the inoculation, they showed signs of a mild, self- limiting upper respiratory tract infection. In spite of the presence of neutralizing antibodies before the trial, seroconversion was observed in some horses. The virus was not isolated from nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of any of the horses. However, the EHV-1 was detected through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from PBL of all horses in the experiment within the third to the eighth day after the inoculation that illustrated the viremia. In addition, the PCR assay also detected the virus in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples starting on the ninth day after the experimental infection in most of horses. For that reason, as a diagnostic tool, the PCR assay showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the conventional laboratorial methods in detection of EHV-1.

During the period of October 2004 until February 2006, 75 samples of central nervous system (CNS) obtained from horses that died with neurological signs in the state of Minas Gerais were sent to the Laboratory of Compared Virology in ICB/UFMG for diagnosis of equine herpesviruses. All samples were previously diagnosticated negative for rabies virus by the Laboratório de Saúde Animal of the Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária (IMA). Among the analyzed samples, 39 (52%) were positive for the equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) through the polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR). In most cases, the histopathological examination of the CNS revealed a mild vasculitis with perivascular mononuclear cuffing, congestion, arterial thrombosis and degeneration of nervous tissue. The positive CNS samples for EHV-1 were obtained from horses. sampled from 30 municipalities of Minas Gerais state. The cases occurred in an isolated form in different periods of the year, not presenting a seasonal character. The clinical course duration was acute, varying between one and four days. The most frequently observed neurological signs were ataxia, unsteadiness in the hind limb, paralysis of hind limbs and recumbency. According to information provided by IMA, the infections caused by EHV-1 were as frequent as the ones caused by rabies virus in horses of Minas Gerais state during the studied period. Hence, it became important to include EHV-1 encephalitis in the differential diagnosis from other diseases of the central nervous system in horses of Minas Gerais state.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a substituição do farelo de soja por níveis crescentes de uréia na dieta de vacas leiteiras e os seus efeitos sobre a composição e o rendimento de fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal. Para a fabricação dos queijos, foram utilizados 15 kg de leite, provenientes de nove vacas Holandesas em lactação, distribuídas em três quadrados latinos 3x3. Foram utilizadas três dietas: A) controle, formulada para suprir 100% das exigências de proteína bruta, proteína degradável no rúmen (PDR) e proteína não degradável no rúmen (PNDR), utilizando farelo de soja como principal fonte protéica; B) com a inclusão de 0,75% de uréia, em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja, e C) com inclusão de 1,5% de uréia, em substituição parcial ao farelo de soja. Todas as dietas foram isoenergéticas (1,53 Mcal/kg de energia líquida de lactação) e isonitrogenadas (16% de PB) e utilizaram cana-de-açúcar como volumoso. Quando analisados por regressão polinomial simples, os resultados da composição e da fração nitrogenada do leite pasteurizado não foram influenciados pelo nível de uréia na dieta, o mesmo ocorrendo com a composição (pH, umidade, gordura, matéria mineral, cloreto de sódio, proteína bruta, nitrogênio solúvel em pH 4,6 e em TCA 12%) e o rendimento de fabricação dos queijos. Com base nos resultados deste estudo, concluise que o uso de até 1,5% de uréia na alimentação de vacas em lactação não alterou a composição do leite pasteurizado, bem como a composição e o rendimento de fabricação de queijo Minas Frescal.

The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of work stress male dogs fertility. Eighteen fertile male Rottweiler dogs, mean aged 4 years old, were randomly allocate into two groups: resting (control) and working (treatment). Treatment consisted of 5 working stages: 1 - adaptation, 2- basic obedience training, 3 - physical conditioning and military training, 4 - camping and 5 - resting. During the experimental period, semen was collected and evaluated twice a week. At the end of each stage, blood collections were performed in order to evaluate plasmatic levels of cortisol. Data were analyzed using the statistical software SAS (a=5%). A significant negative effect of stress was observed on sperm motility (resting=72.63 vs. working=57.62, p<0.001), progressive motility (resting=3.06 vs. working=2.52, p<0.0001), major defects (resting=16.01 vs. working=26.80, p<0.0001) and total defects (resting=29.61 vs. working=40.34, p<0.0001). Furthermore, a significant interaction (P<0.0001) was observed between treatment and working stage periods for the plasmatic levels of cortisol, suggesting that the level of stress may vary according to the type of work. Results indicated that work stress may negatively influence fertility in male dogs.

Com o propósito de avaliar o perfil bioquímico de algumas enzimas, em potras sadias da raça BH (Brasileiro de Hipismo), utilizaram-se 380 amostras de plasma sangüíneo colhidas de 19 animais desde o nascimento até 24 meses de vida. Na análise dos resultados evidenciou-se que os valores médios das enzimas FA (fosfatase alcalina) e CK (creatina quinase ) foram máximos entre o nascimento e 24 horas de vida (FA-1995.50 UI/ ; CK-189.13UI/L), enquanto que para a LD (lactato desidrogenase) e GGT (gama glutamiltransferase) as maiores magnitudes ocorreram, respectivamente, entre 3 e 4 dias (LD-479.11UI/L) e aos 10 dias de idade (GGT-18.70UI/L). As FA, CK, LD e GGT, mostraram diminuições dos valores médios, respectivamente, até 6 meses (FA-323.50UI/L), 20 dias (CK-51UI/ L), 19 meses (LD-214.00UI/L) e 4 meses (GGT-11.40UI/L) estabilizando-se a seguir, com pequenas variações. A atividade da AST (aspartato aminotransferase) que foi mínima logo após o nascimento (AST- 43.38UI/L), aumentou até os sete dias de vida (AST-110.89UI/L), e a seguir diminuiu progressivamente, com pequenas oscilações, até o final do estudo. Todas as enzimas avaliadas sofreram variações influenciadas pelo fator etário, particularmente no período inicial de vida dos animais estudados.

The name cauda equina syndrome defines the clinical signs that come from the sensory and or motor neural dysfunction caused by the terminal part of the spinal cord and adjacent nerve roots damages. The stenosis lumbosacral is the most frequent cause, correlating to the alterations of the soft tissues and/ or the bone tissues in the lumbosacral segment. The aim of this study was to analyze critically the real contribution of diagnostic imaging (X-Ray and CT), of the lumbosacral region of 30 German shepherd dogs. There were thirteen animals that belonged to the group (A) without clinical signs and X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment; twelve animals belonged to the group (B) without clinical signs, with X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment; five animals belonged to the group (C) with clinical signs and they had X-Ray alterations in the lumbosacral segment. All exams were submitted to one evaluation report. The CT examination showed being superior in the evaluation of the vertebral canal, intervertebral foramen and the articular processes, which could be evaluated with a greater number of details. It was concluded with this research that the two modalities of images complement each other, becoming important tools in the clinicalsurgical evaluation in the lumbosacral segment, helping in the diagnosis, prognostic and therapeutic to be adopted.

Este estudo representa a primeira avaliação da maturação nuclear de oócitos por análise citogenética realizada em duas espécies de felídeos brasileiros ameaçados de extinção: L. pardalis (n=5) e L. tigrinus (n=4). Os animais foram submetidos à estimulação ovariana alternada com eCG-hCG e pFSH-pLH a cada quatro meses pelo período de dois anos, perfazendo um total de 6 intervenções. Os oócitos foram recuperados por vídeo-laparoscopia, caracterizados quanto à morfologia e utilizados para determinação dos estágios do ciclo meiótico por análise citogenética e maturação pela caracterização de metáfase II. Dos 33 oócitos de jaguatirica avaliados 12% (n=4) apresentaram cromossomos condensados em seu interior e dos 11 oócitos de gato-do-mato-pequeno avaliados 36% (n=4) apresentaram cromossomos condensados em seu interior, no entanto, nenhum oócito encontrava-se em metáfase II. Avaliação morfológica dos oócitos mostrou as mesmas características encontradas em outros mamíferos. Comparando os tratamentos, não houve diferença significativa (p>;0,05) no número total de estruturas ovarianas (folículos e corpos lúteos recentes) observadas em estimulações alternadas sucessivas, nas duas espécies estudadas. Também não houve diferença significativa em relação ao total de estruturas ovarianas encontradas em cada tratamento (5,7±1,2 eCG/hCG; 7,9±0,9 pFSH/pLH) para L. pardalis e (2,6±0,7 eCG/hCG; 2,0±0,5 pFSH/pLH) para L. tigrinus. Apesar das limitações deste experimento e do número reduzido de oócitos avaliados podemos sugerir que a aspiração folicular após estimulação ovariana com eCG/hCG e pFSH/pLH alternadamente resulta na recuperação de oócitos imaturos, que necessitam de cultivo em meios específicos para atingir o estágio de Metáfase II.

Poplíteo lympho nodes in the dogs is placed, to the right and the left in popliteo an appointed space fossa, in distal part of the muscles femoral biceps, laterally and semi-tendinous, medially, projecting in the height of the face volume of the joint to femoro tibial e femoro patellar (joint of the knee). In this study twenty and five dogs, males and females adult, originating the Araçatuba municipal kennel had been used whose captures had been effected by the animal sanitary defense of this city. The arterial vessels destined to this structure always derive, of both the sides, the femoral artery distal volume and vary of 10 the 1, more frequently of 2 (7 times, 28%) to the right and of 6 the 2, equally more frequently of 2 (8 times, 32%). So soon as one has still to right 5 and 6 branches (3 times, 12%), 1, 7 and 10 (1 time, 4%). Relatively to the veins derived from this lympho nodes, always converges to the lateral safena vein, these vessels oscillates between 9 and 2, more frequently of 3 (6 times, 24%), to the right and of 12 the 2, more frequently of 3 (10 times, 40%) to the left. Thus, others deriving branches of popliteo lympho nodes right and that if they insert in the above-mentioned vein are in number of 2 and 5 (5 times, 20%), 4 and 6 (2 times, 8%) and 8 and 9 (1 time, 4%). In spite of, to the left side it is examined in number de 2 branches (6 times, 24%), 4 (4 times, 16%), 6 (3 times, 12%) and finishing 9 and 12 branches (1 time, 4%). The size of popliteo lympho node in seropositive dogs for Visceral Leishmaniasis can meets enters 7,8 x 3,8 x 6,1 a 50,0 x 20,7 x 28,5 , in mm, being average 26,18 x 10,5 x 15,97 mm for right and 26,98 x 11,14 x 15,25 mm for left (concerning the measures dorsoventral, latero-lateral and cranial-caudal, respectively).

O objetivo deste trabalho foi medir a resposta plasmática de glicose e insulina em cavalos alimentados com dietas contendo concentrados energéticos formulados com diferentes fontes de amido, tais como milho, aveia, sorgo e uma mistura de milho e aveia em partes iguais por peso. Foram utilizados quatro eqüinos com 36 meses de idade em media, mestiços, machos, castrados, com peso aproximado de 350 kg. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi um quadrado latino 4X4 (quatro animais, quatro tratamentos, quatro períodos). Os resultados foram processados através de programa computacional, a normalidade dos resíduos verificada pelo Teste de Shapiro - Wilk, e as variâncias comparadas pelo teste F. Não foram observadas diferenças nos níveis de glicose plasmática entre tratamentos. No caso da glicose, todos os tratamentos atingiram seu máximo nível duas horas e meia pós-ingestão O nível de insulina plasmática foi significativamente inferior antes da refeição em aqueles cavalos tratados com a mistura de milho e aveia, e significativamente superior nos cavalos alimentados com milho como fonte de energia três horas e meia pós ingesta. Os valores de glicose e insulina plasmática observados neste estudo podem ter sido influenciados pelo processamento das dietas na forma peletizada, promovendo uma maior absorção de glicose no intestino delgado. As dietas contendo diferentes fontes de amido não influenciaram nem o tempo nem a quantidade de glicose absorvida no intestino delgado. As variações observadas nos níveis de insulina indicam que um manejo alimentar apropriado pode influenciar os níveis deste hormônio, moderando os seus efeitos indesejáveis.