Repositório RCAAP

Eight reproductive systems of opossum females of had been collected (Didelphis sp). Five, had been destined to macrocospic study and three to the microscopical study. These animals were died and fixeded in the Department of Anatomy of the UNIfeob, with formaldehyde 10% from Araçatuba scientific creator - IBAMA. For macrocospic analysis, the reproductive systems had been removed, keeping to its positions "in situ" and were carried through the photographic documentation for macrocospic results. For the microscopical study, the reproductive system was processed routinely by the technique of inclusion in similar of paraffin and cut with 5µm thickness, and the cuts had been stained in HE, Toluidin blue, Picrosirius, PAS (periodic acid Shiff reaction) and tricromo de Masson16, 17. The feminine reproductive system of the opossum was compose for two ovaries, double uterus, two lateral vagins and between these a pseudovaginal canal, these three structures if they join forming the urogenital sinus locking up in a "pubic mount" or genital tubercle, forming an internal common opening to the anus and vulva, call of pseudocloaca or urogenital sinus. Microscopically the ovarios were functional with mono and poliovulares follicles. The uterine tube was characteristic, coated for ciliad prismatic epithelium. The uterine horns had presented epithelium of ciliad prismatic covering. The urogenital sinus presented three tubular structures. Vulva presented the same characteristics of the skin.

The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is considered the most appropriate model of the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in humans. Decrease in Bone Mineral Density (DMO) has been recognized in ambulatory and non-ambulatory boys with DMD. The Radiographic Optical Densitometry is a method to measure the bone mineral content. It was performed radiographing the proximal right tibia next to an aluminum stepwedge. Fifteen Golden Retriever dogs had been used, divided in three groups: Five healthy, five carriers and five affected by GRMD, monthly radiographed, from 3 to 9 months-old. These radiographies were analyzed by image processing software (ImageLab, Softium®). The proximal epiphysis had higher bone mineral density, followed for the metaphysic and diaphysis, respectively. All regions followed has influence the body weight. There was an increase of the bone mineral density in all regions of the three groups. The proximal metaphysis was thought to be the better region to evaluate the bone mineral density because had less correlation and influence of the body weight, and, also, had different significant values to differentiate the groups earlier than the other regions. The potential diagnostic of this densitometric method in GRMD was considered low, however it demonstrated to have great potential in the clinical recheck of this patients due to the high sensitivity for detection of changes in the bone mineral density.

With the aim to establish reference values of the protein, fat and total solids of milk from Jersey cows, raised in the State of São Paulo, during the first month of lactation, as well as to evaluate the influence of the colostral phase, 418 milk samples, obtained from healthy mammary glands without bacterial growth, were analized. Milk samples were aseptically collected before milking and protein, fat and total solids determined by infrared radiation. The milk protein level decrease from first to second day of lactation, while milk total solids level decreased during the first 24 hours after parturition. Milk fat level oscillated in the first 3 days of lactation and then decreased to the minimum values between 15-30 days of lactation. We suggest, for the first 24 hours of lactation (colostral phase) the use of the following reference values: protein- between 7,35 and 11,45 g/dl; fat- between 0,98 and 2,00 g/dl ; total solids - between 12,39 and 19,45 g/dl

Para possível observação da hipertensão ocular com o uso de anti-inflamatórios, foram selecionados 28 cães da raça Beagle. Para avaliação da pressão intra-ocular antes do tratamento, no dia 0 (zero) todos os animais tiveram a pressão intra-ocular avaliada às 08 horas e às 16 horas. No dia seguinte dez cães receberam meloxicam na dose de 0,2 mg/kg, e 0,1mg/kg nos restantes quatro dias. Nove cães receberam prednisona na dose de 1,0 mg/kg durante cinco dias. Nove cães receberam somente porção de ração úmida. No quinto dia do tratamento todos os animais tiveram novamente a pressão intra-ocular avaliada às 08 horas e às 16 horas. Em todos os grupos, incluindo o grupo-controle, as maiores médias de pressão intra-ocular foram observadas no dia 5 (cinco). A diferença dos valores de pressão intra-ocular observada entre as medições das 08 horas e das 16 horas foi significativa, independente do tratamento e do dia considerado. O uso dos anti-inflamatórios esteroidal e não-esteroidal não foi capaz de causar hipertensão ocular e alguns fatores podem ser incriminados, como via de administração, dose e duração do tratamento utilizado, além da ausência de doença glaucomatosa nos cães selecionados.

Intussusception is a common cause of bowel obstruction in small animals. In this study, 97 records of dogs with diagnosis of intestinal intussusceptions between the period of January/2000 and July/2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Analyzed data included symptoms, predisposing factors, means of diagnosis, treatment and evolution. Animals with less than one year showed more occurrences. Many findings could be related to predisposing factor, where previous intoxications with carbamates showed to be the most important (13 dogs). The most affected portion by intussusceptions was the ileum-colic junction and enterectomy was necessary in 71% of the animals. Only three animals, not submitted to enterectomy in the first procedure, showed recurrence of intussusception. Three animals came to death after surgery. The expressive number of analyzed cases allied to absence of regional data contributed to the knowledge of the disease and its treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pituitary (pFSH) or recombinant (rFSH) FSH on the survival and growth of caprine preantral follicles. Caprine ovarian tissues were in vitro cultured for one or seven days in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) alone or containing 10, 50, 100 and 1000 ng/ml of pFSH or rFSH. Control tissues (non-cultured) and those cultured were processed for histological and ultrastructural studies. In addition, follicular and oocyte diameter were analysed. After seven days of culture, only 50 ng/ml of rFSH maintained the percentage of normal follicles similar to control. Moreover, 10 ng/ml of pFSH and all the concentrations of rFSH promoted primordial follicles activation. In addition, the presence of 50 ng/ml of rFSH promoted the highest follicular diameter at day seven of culture. In conclusion, 50 ng/ml of rFSH maintained the ultrastructural integrity of caprine preantral follicles, promoted primordial follicles activation and further growth of cultured follicles.

Thyrotoxicosis, characterized by excessive serum levels of thyroid hormones, can cause serious effects in bone metabolism, elevating the total alkaline phosphatase, which is a frequent laboratorial alteration observed in feline hyperthyroidism. A rise in total serum levels of alkaline phosphatase can be caused by different isoenzymes, and in human hyperthyroidism, bone and hepatic isoenzymes are commonly increased. After serum biochemical evaluation of eight cats with induced thyrotoxicosis and associated elevation of alkaline phosphatase, the present paper shows a significant elevation of bone isoenzyme serum levels when compared with hepatic isoenzyme. It was possible to conclude that bone metabolism alterations were the main responsible for the increase of serum alkaline phosphatase in cats with induced thyrotoxicosis.

Neospora caninum has been described as an important cause of abortion in bovine worldwide. The objective of the present study was to characterize patterns of antibody dynamics during gestation in dairy cows naturally infected with N. caninum. Twelve N. caninum naturally infected cows were selected from four dairy herds from Brazil and blood samples were monthly collected during pregnancy. Serum were tested for antibodies against N. caninum by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). During this period, all cows remained clinically normal and gave birth to healthy calves. The cows remained seropositives during the study and N. caninum IFAT titers ranged from 100 to 12,800; only animal 234 presented one negative result in the first month of pregnancy. Significant differences of N. caninum IFAT titers were found between months from 1 to 9 of pregnancy by the Friedman Test (P<0.001). The statistical analysis showed an increase of N. caninum antibody titers from second and third trimester of pregnancy in relation to first trimester. High titers were observed in few cows after month fifth of pregnancy. This study showed a variation of specific antibody levels in seropositive cows during different gestational periods. The highest values were observed during the second and third trimester. The antibody increase after the fifth month of gestation was not associated to abortion.

Hydrodynastes giga (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) best known as false water cobra, is a big-sized snake, which lives in Northern, Middle-western, Southeastern and Southern Brazil and might be infested by ectoparasites, such as ticks from the Amblyomma genus. In December 2007 three ticks were manually collected from a H. gigas in the Miranda wetlands, MS, Brazil (19º51'-19º58'S; 56º17'-56º24'W). All ticks were placed in identified bottles and then sent to the Laboratório de Parasitologia of ULBRA Veterinary Hospital, Canoas, RS, where the identification of three males of the Amblyomma dissimile species was carried out. This note is the first report of A. dissimile parasitizing snakes of the H. gigas species in the Miranda wetlands, MS, Brazil.

In order to describe the innervation originated from ventral lumbar and sacral branches, a study was made through dissection of two specimens of south american fur seals (Arctocephalus australis), originated from CRAM-FURG, where they arrived deceased. The nervous structures that constitute the lumbar and sacral plexes are originated from ventral branches of spinal nerves which come from medullary segments L1 to S3. Thus, one can observe that the nerves originated form L1 to L3 are monosegmentary, being respectively iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves. From the reunion of L3 and L4 segments arise genitofemoral, obturator and femoral nerves. From the confluence of segments L4-5-S1 arises a nervous trunk - the sciatic plexus, which gives the following nerves: cranial and caudal gluteal, caudal femoral cutaneous and sciatic. Sciatic nerve splits into lateral and caudal sural cutaneous, tibial, common peroneal. Pudendal nerve (which divides into dorsal nerve of the penis or clitoris, deep and superficial perineal) and caudal rectal are formed from the S2-3 segments. With these data, one can conclude that the lumbar and sacral innervation have similar origin to other mammal species, however its organization and distribution reflect the adaptative changes to this animals' habits, specially its locomotion in water.

It was evaluated the effect of a homeopathic complex in sheep distributed in four groups: without homeopathy and with alimentary restriction (A1B2); with homeopathy and alimentary restriction (A2B2); with homeopathy and without alimentary restriction (A2B1), and without homeopathy and without alimentary restriction (A1B1). After 30 days of alimentary restriction, the group with homeopathy (A2B2)had already presented an average serum level of cortisol similar (p>0,05) to the groups without restriction (A2B1 and A1B1). It was observed in the group without homeopathy (A1B2) only after 75 days. After 15 days post-vaccination all the groups had antibodies above the minimum level of protection of 0,5UI/mL. The medium concentrations of antibodies reached levels below the minimum of protection to the 30 days in some animals of all groups and, only the group A2B2 kept on average above this level during the 90 days of evaluation. The indicative of difference (p=0,054) between the titration average of antibodies from the group A2B2 and the other groups, six days after vaccination, suggests that the protection in this group occurred in smaller time than in the other groups. Regression models estimate higher serum concentrations of antibodies for the groups A2B1 and A2B2, regarding the groups A1B2 and A1B1, obtaining indicators of differences between their averages (p=0,067; p=0,091 and p<0,05 respectively) 15, 30 and 45 days after vaccination. It was concluded that the homeopathic administered to ovine under alimentary restriction, has effect on stress, reducing the serum concentration of cortisol which can cause a higher rise in the serum concentration of antibodies.

Estudaram-se alterações na freqüência cardíaca e variáveis hematológicas de eqüinos Puro Sangue Árabe (PSA), submetidos a exercício intenso em esteira rolante sob condições tropicais. Para tanto, 24 eqüinos, treinados, realizaram exercício teste de intensidade crescente e amostras de sangue foram obtidas durante as etapas de esforço 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 e 10 m.s-1, com 10% de inclinação. As colheitas de sangue foram realizadas 15 segundos antes do término de cada etapa. A freqüência cardíaca foi obtida em cada etapa do exercício teste. Com as amostras de sangue foram obtidos, hematócrito, hemácias, hemoglobina e leucócitos totais. Foram calculados índices hematimétricos absolutos, volume corpuscular médio (VCM), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e a concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM). Os resultados mostram que houve variação significativa (p < 0,05), a partir do repouso, entre os valores médios da freqüência cardíaca e das variáveis hematimétricas. Destaque para o VCM e HCM que aumentaram significativamente (p < 0,05) na etapa de esforço máximo (10m/s) demonstrando haver anisocitose durante o exercício intenso. Desta forma, o grau das alterações destas variáveis fisiológicas está relacionado com a intensidade e duração do exercício teste.

Este estudo avaliou ultrassonograficamente o fígado de gatos submetidos à tirotoxicose induzida pela técnica de histograma dos níveis de cinza com o objetivo de melhor avaliar possíveis alterações hepáticas decorrentes do excesso de hormônios tiroidianos. Para isto, foram utilizados nove gatos hígidos, adulto-jovens, que receberam diariamente 150µg/kg de levotiroxina sódica, por 60 dias. O histograma hepático não demonstrou diferença estatística ao nível de 5% de significância entre os momentos avaliados; entretanto, as variações dos valores das variáveis estudadas sugeriram a promoção de aumento da heterogeneidade e diminuição da ecogenicidade do parênquima hepático quando comparado ao momento inicial. A avaliação citopatológica e histopatológica revelou quadro de hepatite tirotóxica em todos os animais.

O presente estudo estabelece valores de referência dos teores séricos de proteínas totais, albumina, AST e GGT em ovinos da raça santa Inês e avalia a interferência de fatores sexuais e etários sobre estas variáveis. Foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 161 ovelhas. O resultado encontrado para os valores padrões séricos foram 5,86 + 0,96 g/dL para proteínas totais, 2,33+0,43 g/dL para albumina, 63,25+27,52 U/L para AST e 28,45+14,53 U/L para GGT. A análise dos resultados permite afirmar que os valores referentes à concentração sérica de albumina e à atividade sérica de AST sofrem influência de fatores sexuais e etários, e os valores referentes à atividade sérica de GGT sofrem influência somente de fatores etários. Não foram encontradas influências dos fatores sexuais e etários para os outros parâmetros estudados.

As células principais (P) do epitélio de revestimento do epidídimo de paca foram relacionadas com processos citofisiológicos de endocitoses do tipo adsortiva e de fase fluida, respectivamente, aparentemente realizando também secreção apócrina. Essas funções foram propostas embasando-se em características de ultra-estrutura das células P, em cujos citoplasma observaram-se um expressivo número de vesículas, com diferentes formas, tamanhos e presença de conteúdo internalizado em algumas das vesículas revestidas por endomembranas, ocorrendo ainda caveolas e vesículas diminutas localizadas junto à borda apical de microvilos. Ademais, observaram-se vesículas grandes e revestidas e/ou com superfícies lisas; endossomos, e lisossomos de localização predominantemente apical. Uma via de secreção apócrina foi sugerida com base na ocorrência de expansões (protrusões), citoplasmáticas intraluminais nas células P.

Reproductive success in endangered captive small felids species is very low. Due to great variability in endocrine environment post gonadotropin treatment, after artificial insemination pregnancy rates are very low. Nowadays, ovarian activity controll improves the AI success in many species. In this study, new protocols were compared to improve the fertilization rates in artificial insemination programs in domestic cat. Female domestic cats were divided in three treatments: 1) control (eCG/hCG); 2) levonorgestrel (0.075 mg) orally during 37 days + eCG/hCG; 3) etonogestrel subdermal implant during 37 days + eCG/hCG: Laparoscopies were done 29-39 hours post hCG treatment to verify ovarian activity. Vaginal swabs were collected at laparoscopic procedures. Fecal samples were colected 60 days before, during and 60 days after the gonadotropin treatment for estradiol assay. Means comparisons were done by ANOVA test. Results demonstrated that etonogestrel (implant) and not oral levonorgestrel successfully suppressed ovarian activity. The levonorgestrel group did not show ovarian inactivity during the administration, presenting oestradiol peaks and without significative diference comparing to control group. All females presented anuclear and nuclear superficial vaginal epithelial cells at laparoscopies. In conclusion, the etonogestrel implant used in the domestic cat was efficient and can be used previous to gonadotropin protocol in artificial insemination programs, follicular aspiration and contraception.

Fêmeas e machos castrados, em fase de crescimento e terminação, foram submetidos a diferentes níveis de proteína em dietas com e sem suplementação de aminoácidos industriais. Foram utilizados 72 animais, 36 de cada sexo, com pesos médios iniciais de 30,73 e 30,38 kg (fase de crescimento) e 61,08 e 57,31 kg (fase de terminação), respectivamente. Adotou-se o delineamento blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos, seis repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos corresponderam a dietas com os níveis de protéicos: 19,40; 16,80 e 14,90% na fase crescimento e 17,8; 15,40 e 13,60% na fase terminação. Na fase de crescimento, as dietas com 16,80 e 14,90% de proteína bruta são as indicadas para fêmeas e machos castrados, respectivamente. Na fase de terminação, a dieta com 17,80% de proteína bruta, sem aminoácidos suplementares, seria indicada para fêmeas e machos castrados da genética estudada se o custo do farelo de soja for viável para assegurar a concentração de lisina digestível estuda e o retorno econômico. Preços do farelo de soja, dos aminoácidos industriais e do suíno determinarão a viabilidade da estratégia alimentar nessas fases do desenvolvimento. Outro fator na adoção dos níveis protéicos aplicados aos machos castrados na fase de terminação é o preço do suíno pago pelo frigorífico, no caso da classificação de carcaça, uma vez que a redução dietética da proteína implica em maior acúmulo de gordura corporal.

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA) e a reação de fixação do complemento (RFC) no diagnóstico de Theileria equi em amostras de soro de 79 equinos na Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. Houve reação positiva para Theileria equi em 74,7, 75,9 e 60,8% das amostras testadas pela RIFI, ELISA e RFC, respectivamente. Observou-se discrepância em 16,45% (n=13) das amostras de soro testadas pelo ELISA indireto e RIFI. Quando comparado a RIFI e a RFC, a discrepância observada entre os soros testados foi de 36,70% (n=29). O teste ELISA indireto e a RFC apresentaram discordância em 37,97% (n=30) das amostras de soros. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a melhor alternativa para o diagnóstico sorológico de T. equi em eqüinos portadores é a associação dos testes de RIFI e ELISA indireto, especialmente para a realização de estudos soroepidemiológicos.

The hematological reference ranges of sixty wild, apparently health, juvenile green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco State, Brazil, were determined between the months of July and September of 2003. The obtained results were: Packed cell volume 21,4-36,6 %; erythrocytes count 0,244-0,554 x10(6)/µl; Hemoglobin 5,9-14,0 g/dl; Mean Corpuscular Volume 500,4-986,1 fl; Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin 144,0-367,1 pg; Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration 23,7-45,1 g/dl; Total leucocytes count 1178,8-8259,6 /µl; Monocytes 15,4-1494,3 /µl; Lymphocytes 221,1-1924,8 /µl; Heterophils 621,5-4317,8 /µl; Eosinophils 96,1-1831,0 /µl; Basophils 0,0-45,3 /µl; Trombocytes 9513,2-36316,5 /µl. The comparison between the obtained results and literature data reinforce the need to establish hematological counts for specific agglomerations on different geographic and climate conditions, size classes, age, and methodologies. Because of these influences, the values should not be extrapolated to other C. mydas agglomerations and should be used carefully for the clinical evaluation of individuals under other conditions.

This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (MOS) and of a probiotic (bacterial pool), acting as alternative additives instead of antibiotics, on the performance and on the intestinal morphology of broilers. In this experiment, 960 chicks were used on litter previously used. The birds were randomly assigned to four different treatments: Antibiotic; Prebiotic; Probiotic; and the control treatment, with eight repetitions for each treatment. For the whole breeding period (42 days) the alternative additives did not show any effect on the weight gain and feed intake. The feed conversion in the alternative additives groups was similar to that of the antibiotic group, however, it was not significantly different from that of the control group. It was not possible to observe any beneficial effect of the alternative additives, used in this essay, on the intestinal morphology of broilers.