Repositório RCAAP

O século XX representa o período de surgimento e consolidação da temática preservacionista no Brasil. Dentro desse quadro, a cidade de Belém passa por inúmeras transformações, resultantes das mudanças no modo encarar o seu patrimônio construído. O objetivo principal deste artigo é entender o processo de preservação e transformação do Centro Histórico de Belém, partindo da análise da trajetória do pensamento preservacionista no país e consequentemente na capital. O tema foi subdividido em três momentos: O primeiro momento, compreendido entre as décadas de 1930 e 1960, época dos primeiros tombamentos individuais em Belém; o segundo momento, que abrange as décadas de 1960 a 1980, e caracteriza-se pelos tombamentos dos conjuntos paisagísticos e inclusão dos entornos à leitura dos monumentos; e o terceiro momento, que tem início na década de 1990, com o tombamento do Centro Histórico de Belém, ampliando a abrangência de proteção a conjuntos urbanos. O avanço proveniente do processo de transformação do pensamento preservacionista permitiu a observação do patrimônio de forma mais abrangente, garantindo a preservação da ambiência de conjuntos urbanos da cidade.

Reseña del libro Estado, Arquitetura e Desenvolvimento. A Ação Habitacional do Iapi (Editora UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, 2016), de Nilce Aravecchia-Botas.

This research contributes on the theme of intervention in existing buildings. It examines this practice in the Italian Renaissance, when the notion of patrimony was configured, as an effect of the humanist’s reverence for classical antiquity; the "unintentional" monuments, according to the classification of Riegl. The reflection is developed through the analysis of three exemplary cases, supported by a concise bibliographical review. The first examines the small intervention of Michelangelo at the base of the Palazzo Medici, held in 1517, when he inserts the so-called inginocchiati windows or kneeling. The second examines the construction of the Palazzo Savelli-Orsini on the ruins of Teatro di Marcello by Peruzzi in the 1520s, as well as other layers of intervention: one from the Mussolini period, where the diradamento edilizio took place; another of modern lineage, between 1962 and 1964, with the author Quaroni acting similarly to Scarpa. And the third deals with the conversion of Diocletian's Thermal in Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli, conceived by Michelangelo in 1561: undoubtedly, the actuality of the economy of means used would be one of his last and greatest lessons.

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Livros resenhado:NEUMANN, Dietrich; STERN, Robert A. M. The structure of light: Richard Kelly and the illumination of modern architecture. New York: Yale University Press, 2010, 214 p. ISBN: 978-0-300-16370-4 

This paper focuses on some aspects of the implementation of the “Enlargement Project of the City of Lourenço Marques” (Port. Projecto de Ampliação da Cidade de Lourenço Marques), in Mozambique, carried out from 1887 onwards and set in the context of the village’s transition to city (1887) and capital of the colony (1898). Above all, the research allowed us to draw conclusions on the technical difficulties and lack of material and human resources encountered by the Public Works Administration of Lourenço Marques during the last quarter of the nineteenth century, in contrast to the ambition of the city's enlargement project. This research was based on reports made by the Public Works Office of Mozambique to the Portuguese Ministry of the Navy and Overseas Territories and correspondence of the directors of the Public Works Administration of Lourenço Marques written during the last two decades of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth century, as well as cartography and iconographic collections of this period found in the Overseas Territories Historical Archives (Port. Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino — AHU) in Lisbon, in the Historical Archives of Mozambique (Port. Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique — AHM), in the Society of Geography of Lisbon —SGL, and in the Centre for Research and Development of Habitat (Port. Centro de Estudos e Desenvolvimento do Habitat — CEDH), of the Faculty of Architecture and Physical Planning (Port. Faculdade de Arquitetura e Planeamento Físico — FAPF) of the Eduardo Mondlane University (Port. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane — EMU).

This article presents an analysis of the strategies adopted by Paulo Mendes da Rocha and the MMBB Architects team, during the remodeling design process of the reception areas of FIESP building, which occurred between 1996 and 1998. This design process was mapped based on documental analysis supported by information obtained from non-structured interviews guided by a protocol which consisted of constructs, variables and type of likely evidences. This mapping aimed to present the actions taken regarding the problems arising from this specific project, in the views of architects Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Milton Braga, Marta Moreira, Ângelo Bucci and engineer Jorge Zaven Kurkdjian. The result of the study points to a process characterized by reflections on the values to be built in the situation and the initial structuring of the problem in an isolated way, seeking potentialities of the situation. These potentialities were intrinsic to the personality of the architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha, who values the intelligence of construction techniques, the rational functioning of the project, the connection of the building to the urban context and the proportionality of the elements that make up the building...

A mostra Réinventer Paris, com os 23 dos 815 projetos que participaram da competição internacional lançada pela prefeita socialista Anne Hidalgo, demonstra o que, para alguns críticos, significa uma nova forma de abordar o desenvolvimento urbano. As intervenções ambiciosas escolhidas para reinventar a Paris do futuro são a prova clara do que realmente pode ocasionar mudança de ritmo, alteração nos caminhos para o desenvolvimento de uma cidade, tomando por base a capacidade de instalar um verdadeiro laboratório. Por trás dos projetos selecionados encontra-se uma escolha política bem clara, que parte de uma administração que é capaz de planejar o futuro (tanto em médio e longo prazo) e acima de tudo, sabe colocá-la no centro do debate entre o público de especialista e outros tipos de atores locais.

The former Palazzo delle Terme has its two wings connected by a volume in reinforced concrete that acts like a “bridge”, which contains a hanging pool: the former Piscina del Duce, current Piscina Pensile. The pool is subjected to extreme artificial environmental conditions: the relative humidity in the room is linked to the temperature of the water in the pool, the heating of the air and the lack of appropriate ventilation mechanisms. These conditions lead to condensation on the walls of the perimeter and to the formation of mold. The condensation contains traces of chlorine, hence it is particularly corrosive and may undermine the  resistance of the structure, as well as the many technological elements necessary for heating and air and water treatment. This research was developed in several archives in Rome in which the author was able to consult the architectural project, technical descriptions of the building and photographic surveys. The architectural survey was done simultaneously and was followed by the survey of construction pathologies. The research allowed a discussion pertinent to the restoration of a designated modern building that is still functioning and subject to a great load oftechnical equipment and energy expenses. 

O artigo apresenta um estudo comparativo sobre dois edifícios – o museu da Fundação Iberê Camargo (FIC), em Porto Alegre, e o museu Guggenheim, em Nova York – analisados desde o ponto de vista da sua qualidade espacial ou seja, do modo de acolhimento e acomodação do visitante. A motivação deste trabalho está na oportunidade que o edifício do museu da FIC vem oferecendo desde sua implantação em Porto Alegre – em virtude das honrarias e distinções das quais ele foi alvo pela crítica de arquitetura, local e internacional – para uma discussão sobre o tema da qualidade na arquitetura. Já o museu Guggenheim foi selecionado para compor esse estudo por ser um edifício análogo, tanto do ponto de vista formal quanto funcional, ao Museu da FIC, e também, por seu caráter icônico, consagrado como paradigma no cenário arquitetônico mundial. O artigo tem uma natureza eminentemente empírica. A metodologia utilizada tem antecedentes no passeio arquitetônico, no sentido corbusiano do conceito, na qualidade desse passeio, tendo em conta o modo como as edificações são entendidas pelo observador em movimento – a legibilidade – e o modo como as edificações acomodam o corpo – a funcionalidade/comodidade.

The first utopias associated to urban spaces are dated from the fifteenth century. Since then, many urban utopias have been arisen over the centuries, but the Postmodernity seems to have caused the death of utopian ideas related to Urbanism. However, if we borrow the conception of Utopia advocated by Ernst Bloch, we can consider the urban-social movement called “Cidade que Queremos BH” (“The city we want, Belo Horizonte”) as an example of contemporary urban utopia. It is about an utopia that do not state only in the future, but mainly in the present, that is understood as the only temporality that holds the possibilities of transformation of what may come.

The expression of modern architecture and urbanism in Latin America appear as the objects of local historiography in the early 1970s, when they have already been placed in the chapter of peripheral reproductions by the builders of the international canon. Since then, the construction of the history of the modern experience in the region has been approached from different perspectives. If the first stories aim to serve the critique of contemporary production, as early as the 1980s, historiographical propositions took shape to abandon the canonical story and to interpret modern architecture in Latin America through a series of circumstances that emerge from the local contexts. In the 1990s, an exacerbated regionalism elaborates a discourse raised from the dependency perspective to endorse certain professional practice aimed at expressing the American identity. Such a position has been diluted during the last two decades, giving rise to approaches that cross disciplinary knowledge by other knowledge and contemplate the imprints of previously ignored actors, replacing the single story with a multiplicity of stories and giving greater density to the interpretation.

The creation of legislation for Social Interest Housing (HIS) development in Sao Paulo came from the need to foster a legal framework for the city's housing policy in 1992. There were three main decrees from 1992 to 2016: decrees no. 31.601/1992, no. 44.667/2004 and no. 56.759/2016 along with debates about Municipal Master Plans. The latest two of them have also been influenced by the Statute of the City. The first two acts represented significant advancements regarding the configuration of housing clusters, by reducing large-scale residential development in favor of housing in central areas and the possibility of further development of precarious settlements. However, with each update, there has been a crescent loosening on regulation favoring the private sector, under allegations of a housing deficit and the need for provision of new units, in place of public action aimed at re-urbanization and at regulating land use, which meant a shift from the original intentions of the deed and the purposes of the city's housing policies.

Propõe-se apontar o crescimento desordenado, a falta de hariponia dos bairros residenciais em verticalização e o processo descuidado, que tem gerado o seu desenho urbano. Reforça-se a necessidade de que esse espaço urbano seja organizado a partir de propostas antecipadas de uso do solo, que contenham orientação urbanística, que resulte em um desenho que gere uma melhor qualidade ambiental

Estudo sobre o papel dos espaços públicos centrais nas correntes urbanfsticas, desde o fim do século XIX e suas atuais possibilidades. A praça pública ocupou um lugar de destaque no chamado urbanismo culturalista, perdendo sua importância, enquanto expressão de centralidade, a partir do urbanismo racionalista. Com ênfase nas questões de projeto, destacam-se os trabalhos de Sitte (1898), que define parâmetros de projetação; e de Zucker (1959), que chega a identificar os arquétipos espaciais das praças. As propostas contidas nestes trabalhos estão limitadas em sua realização prática, por partirem do pressuposto da unidade indissolú­ vel entre o espaço da praça e os edifícios que a conformam. Na ausência destas condições, os espaços livres, carentes de significado formal, não são considerados pra­ ças, ou são classificados como “ praças amorfas” , segundo Zucker. Nesta categoria estaria incluída a grande maioria das praças existentes e projetadas, dadas as raras oportunidades que se oferecem hoje para um projeto idealmente integrado. A superação deste impasse pode ser conseguida em projetos que assumam as condições da realidade espacial do lugar em que se inserem, buscando a um só tempo uma consistência arquitetônica própria e a abertura para a descontrolada paisagem circundante

Contribution to the analysis of urban space-population relationships based on the case study of Satte Intervention through implementation of the urban regeneration project - Project CURA - in an area in the municipality of São Paulo. This project set in motion a rapid process of increased real estate values, causing the substitution on the poorest group of residents by a higher income social group, in addition to causing a growing process of “ verticalization” in construction. These changes also lead to questions of property ownership, showing that the ways of acess to urban land are an important factor for retention or expulsion of the resident social groups in a certain area, when this area increases in value

The aim is to get data for registering the behavior of steel fibres reinforced mortar. Features testing methods, results and conclusions about studies carried on pieces of armed mortar. Some theoretical questions about the faults in cementitious materials and the effect of fibres in brittle matrices were also studied. It is clear that it does exist the technological viability in its use. This text is written in Portuguese

This article presents a Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) research applied to self-built low-income settlèments located in a Western São Paulo’s city suburb, during the period 1985-1988. It emphasizes the need of a broader evaluation, particulary faced to public spaces, urban infra-structure and low-income districts as a whole, in order to find out ways to include this islands of poverty into the urban context

Contribution to the knowledge of the production (and transformation) of the space, mainly for São Paulo state in two recent stages of the accumulation process. Accomplishes the historical interpretation of the Brazilian State performance in these stages through the national politics implemented, distinguishing its rethoric and stablishing its relations to the transformation of the São Paulo space

This paper refers to low cost housing, promoted by São Paulo municipal bodies, based in one family core-houses. Two different systems are analysed, one of them based in mutual help, with community participation, the other based in professional teams.