Repositório RCAAP

This dissertation examines, from the graphical representation perspective, some aspects of the passage of texts to the digital and interactive environment of the tablets. For this purpose, it is first commented, based on Vilém Flusser vision, some aspects of the digital coding involved in the process of producing digital texts. It is also situated historically the role of the codes in human visual communication, whether textual or non-textual. Then some technological aspects are discussed in terms of the digital codes and its consequences either for research or social dynamics. This reflection is made based on Lev Manovich, David Harvey and José da Silva Ribeiro. From there some aspects of the relationship of the digital text with the reader are considered, mainly according to Roger Chartier view. This is the scenario in which are situated the recording and analysis of how it is occurring nowadays the graphical representation in tablets. The analysis presented here consider Emil Ruder concepts present in Typographie: A Manual of Design (1967). On one hand, as recent academic works note - as Hilary Kenna s (2011) - the contemporary graphical representation is still strongly grounded on the principles of the Swiss designer. On the other hand, in this dissertation we consider of relevance to examine how Ruder concepts are employed for the interactive digital media. In this sense, it is also possible to verify, to some extent, how they are being changed and adapted for the new medium. The paper ends pointing to the importance that the digital codes are assuming in the electronic and interactive texts era, as well as their impacts on the social world and the new ways to practice graphic representation that probably will emerge

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Much has been studied about the issues surrounding the teaching of reading at school, especially within the Portuguese classes. This consideration is the result of many results system assessments such as PISA (Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes), which feature the gap in reading proficiency. Motivated by the critical situation of the current public education, in a general way, this study proposes to make a historical research on the teaching of reading in Brazil from the perspective of the discipline of Portuguese Language within the historical period of the 1960s to the end 1990s, using the textbook as its historical document. For this, we constructed the chapters within the three principles of Koener (KOERNER 1995 apud BATISTA, 2013, p. 75): contextualization, immanence and adequacy. The first one refers to the historical context in which the Portuguese language course and the textbook were inserted; the second discusses the process in which the linguistic sciences were developed in Brazil and the influence they had exerted on the teaching of reading; the latter aims to analyze the textbooks in their time context, considering both the historical context and the current scientific development. So the purpose of this research is to assess how the process of reading instruction has been developing over these four decades that were marked by the democratization of education. In the collation of the textbooks analyzed, it can be observed that the reading teaching practices that were adopted by each material were gradually shaped by the cultural context of the society of the time, trying to establish a growing dialogue with the social environment.

Este trabalho fala sobre espaço público e sua apropriação, entendendo-o como algo essencial para a formação e desenvolvimento da cidade, e percebendo-o, principalmente, como lugar de encontro, onde há trocas sociais, alteridade e onde a urbanidade floresce. A condição de pedestre, e, portanto, a dimensão humana – negligenciada inúmeras vezes durante a formação das cidades, incluindo São Paulo –, é fundamental para a percepção desse universo de possibilidades que a cidade pode oferecer. Algumas formas de apropriação do espaço público são as festas de rua, como o carnaval, que além de contribuírem para a apreensão da cidade como lugar de encontro, são expressões culturais legítimas e instrumentos de afirmação e resistência para diversos grupos sociais. Tais movimentos, apesar de terem um grande valor imaterial e relevância histórica, são diversas vezes reprimidos por políticas públicas, que acabam por gerar consequências como a descaracterização e a perda de espaço e, portanto, de grupos na sociedade. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em propor uma intervenção no bairro do Bixiga que contribua para a geração de urbanidade, confira caminhabilidade e que dê suporte às festas de rua, incluindo o carnaval, numa tentativa de potencializar as apropriações e festejos que ali acontecem com tanta força e que são reflexo das manifestações culturais no bairro. Para isso, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os três universos que compõem o trabalho – espaços públicos e sua apropriação, principalmente em São Paulo, carnaval de rua e o bairro do Bixiga – e também uma pesquisa a campo, culminando numa proposta projetual. Ao fim do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, percebe-se como as políticas públicas podem atuar sobre o ambiente urbano de forma excludente, tanto no que diz respeito à morfologia da cidade, quanto à comportamentos sociais, e como as manifestações culturais, por vezes tolhidas por tais políticas, servem de instrumento de afirmação e resistência de diversos grupos a esse modelo. Percebe-se também a força e a importância dos ativismos urbanos, incluindo a retomada do carnaval de rua, num movimento maior de reapropriação dos espaços públicos e de tentativa de mudança na lógica do pensar a cidade. Nota-se, ainda, a recorrente tendência de limitar e mercantilizar apropriações culturais espontâneas que se popularizam, assim como conclui-se que o olhar crítico ao longo da história para tais movimentos num território pode servir de instrumento para colocar em pauta a discussão da marginalização de grupos e culturas que merecem ser valorizadas

The organizational memory and their components already have sustainability at the Academy with many bibliographies, in the matter of generation Z and the relationship with the memory components, communicative and cultural policy, there is a significant shortage, creating a gap for searches. With this business and academia can use to search for your analysis and planning, i.e., in theory, and in practice. The main objective of this research is to understand the relationship of the generation Z with the components of the organizational memory of the Central Cooperative Frimesa-Cooling Unit of Medianeira (Paraná). The theoretical reference covered give sustainability to the same. To get a consistent continuity in research, solidification with a specific methodology becomes relevant. We decided to adopt a qualitative approach and to meet the proposed objectives; the research is exploratory and descriptive bibliographic, documentary procedures, case study and data collection matrix. In field research, data were collected from April to may 2017 being analyzed with the technique of content Analysis. With the research, it was possible to know how the company manages your Organizational Memory as well as the relationship of the generation Z with organizational memory components, which are the memories: cultural, communicative, and politics. The results obtained from the research are relevant to the scientific academia and the business community because the young people of generation Z have profiles that resemble the generation y, but that are highly connected with the technological world, leaving something to be desired regarding communication, teamwork, among others. With that, the relationship between the memory components ends up being impacted in several respects as was approached by leaders of the company at the time of the interview. It is concluded that the company, study focus, seeks at all times to improve these young people of generation Z with training, lectures, as well as a nice organizational climate with internal rules and procedures that give results, because it's already Frimesa 40 years on the market, has a lot of knowledge, a lot of organizational memory that can make a difference in young people's routines of generation Z.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

IPM - Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The thesis is based on notions of the greimasian semiotics as context of enunciation and category of person . Its aim is to identify the configuration of the pathos of the destinateur in a set of ten print pieces of advertising work created to advertise products for Valentine s Day in 2007 based on the profile of the sender of each piece. The detection of recurring traces in the referred corpus made it possible to achieve the aim of this study, i.e., to identify the pathos of an over-destinateur able to represent, by means of sampling, the communicative target of the advertisers. The concept which allows us to build a representing subject of the whole set is the one that incorporates the notion of unity (unus) and totality (totus): it is possible to identify the destinateur by means of analyzing the whole set of texts; it is possible to identify traces which point out to the discoursive universe of a destinateur s way-of-being (herein, the universe of advertising) through the study of the individual texts that belong to it. The thesis also incorporates principles of dialogism and ideology developed by Mikhail Bakhtin which we considered fundamentally important to establish the social, historic and cultural universe of the destinateurs of our corpus. The manifestation of both verbal and visual traces in advertisements places them in the category of sincretic texts which made us categorize them based on the intimacy level between verbal and non-verbal planes. This relation seemed significant as means of configuring the pathos of our destinateur, the one who actually determines the strategic choices of the advertisers in any possible level. Based on the premise there are few studies which intersect the fields of advertising and analysis of discourse, the author aimed to contribute with interests of students and professionals belonging to both fields.

The question which arises and is usually revisited at all times and at different latitudes is to choose the best formula to provide the political organization of society, based mainly on the principle of separation of executive, legislative and judicial branches. This study will concentrate the focus of discussion in the steering system of "flexible" separation with mutual dependency between the Executive and the Legislative - parliamentary government and "hard" separation with mutual independence between these two powers, according to the mechanical of checks and balances - presidential government. Thinking of types of systems in a responsible and democratic way, that is, how the organs of power articulate tasks among themselves, is to think of political responsibility as a centerpiece of this mechanism. In this context, the scope of this paper is to point out a domestic and comparative study of political accountability relating parliamentary and presidential governments, against the rule of irresponsibility - "The King can do no wrong" - designed in the tradition of absolutist monarchies. The theoretical horizon outlined here moves through the spectrum from positivist responsibility and access the teleological content of this institute, delimiting the focus of responsibility in the subjective actions of the chief of executive and members of the legislative in our legal system and panoramas of British, Spanish, Italian, French and American governments. Despite the dogmatic contribution of le gal texts, we investigate the philosophical content in the idea of political responsibility, conceived as obligation (activity) and of a perspective of the value (outcome). From this scenario, three methodological precautions were taken to clear our path: the first looked after, within the concept of political responsibility, commitment of staff to respond by an act of political behavior or worthlessness in democratic sphere, the second took care to trace the features of cabinet government in the form of monarchy and republic, with the aim of investigating the tools for measuring the political responsibility of the king, the president of the republic and the prime minister and his cabinet, the third guided by researching in the presidential government the political responsibility of the president and the guarantors of this mechanisms, especially the responsibility of the Chief of Executive and members of Legislative, among us. In conclusion, the study refers to the measurement of political responsibility through a legal vehicle for direct control of political activity - the election - which provides enforcing the trust between elected and electorate, so as that through an act of the will of the citizens the choice of political representatives is made. The study indicates that the number of re-election and the renewal of the seats in parliament act as a thermometer to measure the degree of political accountability to the electorate. Admittedly, however, that the effectiveness of this mechanism requires the existence of a public awareness of the political events and able to influence this process.

O presente artigo busca pontuar as principais questões atinentes ao instituto do voto de qualidade dos presidentes dos órgãos julgadores do Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais, utilizado quando há empate no julgamento pelo colegiado. Por meio do instituto supracitado, sempre que a decisão terminar empatada entre os julgadores, o presidente da Câmara (ordinária ou superior), após já ter votado ordinariamente, deverá proceder ao desempate, dessa forma proferindo voto duplo. Tendo-se em vista que o conselheiro presidente sempre será representante do Fisco, analisa-se, o voto de qualidade pela luz do princípio tributário in dubio pro contribuinte, dos princípios constitucionais da isonomia, do devido processo legal, da razoabilidade e da proporcionalidade e ainda dos princípios processuais da imparcialidade, da colegialidade e da motivação das decisões.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Outros

This dissertation tries to describe and analyze the forms of state intervention on the economic domain, with emphasis on the mode of induction, through the activity of the BNDES state development, to implement services for public sanitation. It starts with the initial analysis on the implementation of the Economic Constitution based in the 1988 Constitution, in order to show the scope of the current model of intervention geared to economic development through public policy, compared with that of previous periods interventional procedures aimed at some specific oligarchic groups. Then the legal aspects of the activity of the state fomentation were appreciated, including state intervention in the financial system, by regulating and involvement with the creation of BNDES, a development finance institution. Later the issue of sanitation is treated in a specific way, with a historical examination of the action and the relevance it has on the social, health and environmental aspects, especially with the enactment of Law nº11.445/2007, evaluating the BNDES activities specifically aimed the sector, including the analysis of the portion of the segment with solid waste, under the light of Law nº 12.305/2010, which brings the national policy on solid waste with express provision of administrative activity promotion.

Brazil has been the scene of significant change in recent years, and this has brought with it a contribution to the development of a cultural pattern highlighted by the formation of a remarkably blended population that bears out the paradox of not providing equal opportunities for its people, marked by social, economic and cultural differences. This study aimed to work exclusively with the dimension of race in diversity in Brazilian organizations, and to answer the following question: What aspects are perceived as favorable or unfavorable for black executives to develop their own career paths? This being the case, the following objectives were set out: (i) General Objective: to investigate the favorable and unfavorable aspects perceived by black executives in developing their career paths; (ii) Specific Objectives: [a] to map the life stories of responding black executives; [b] to map the practices and the inclusive behaviors perceived by black executives in the organizations where they have developed their careers; [c] to investigate how black executives developed their own career paths; [d] to understand how black executives perceive the existence of racism in the organizations in which they have developed their careers; [e] to identify aspects perceived as positive by black executives in the development of their career paths; (f) to identify the aspects perceived of as unfavorable by black executives in developing their career paths. As research subjects, we considered five black executives, Brazilian men aged between 30 and 50 years of age, with consolidated careers in different organizations and / or different departments of large organizations in Brazil. All of the subjects had held managerial positions or equivalent to those who were responsible for resource management, had participated in the decisionmaking processes and organizational politics of their company. The life story was chosen as a research strategy, and in-depth interviews were held in two meetings with each of the five research subjects. The results were divided into fourteen categories, eleven of which were common to the subjects, who were responsible for responding to the research problem of this study, and three other unusual categories that were not reported in all life-story narratives. Executives indicated a range of favorable and unfavorable aspects that were relevant to the development of their career paths.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The objective of this study is quantify the effects of the latest Brazilian economic crisis on the supply and demand of supplementary health insurance during the nine quarters of the economic recession, and to determine if there is a correlation between these and the reduction in the number of insured beneficiaries in health plans in Brazil. In the year 2014, more than 50 million Brazilians, or about 25% of the population, had medical and hospital coverage of supplementary health plans, and about 80% of the plans were collective, contracted through companies, associations and other entities. In just two years, around 2.6 million Brazilians stopped having a private health plan and returned to public care SUS, to lengthen the queues of patients. The economic crisis in Brazil, in the period from 2014 to the first quarter of 2017, according to the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics IBGE, among the various economic consequences, led to a reduction in the number of employers, increased indebtedness of families and surviving companies, reduced jobs and has had severe effects on demand in most industries. Therefore, through the application of econometric methodology in the variables in time series of health plan beneficiaries, the level of employment - represented by the indicator "Adjusted Wages" (MSAD / BCB / PNAD) and rate of readjustment of ANS health plans, we establish models to validate or not the hypothesis of the correlation between the macroeconomic events and the performance of the supplementary health sector. The results obtained by the use of Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and Vector Error Correction Model (VEC) and the use of the Johansen Cointegration clearly confirm the existence of cointegration and the strong relation of the adjusted wage mass variable in relation to the variable number of beneficiaries of the Brazilian Health Plan operators, and show that the decrease of 1% in income or employment reduces the number of beneficiaries of the operators by 0.57%. This allows us to say, in other words, that the Brazilian economic crisis of 2014-2017 affected in a relevant way the sector of supplementary health, mainly by reducing the number of beneficiaries.

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a relação entre a concorrência deflagrada pelos Estados-membros da Federação brasileira – intitulada de guerra fiscal – e o impacto negativo dos programas de incentivo fiscal, concedidos à revelia da Constituição Federal e da lei, sob a ótica do pacto federativo. Para contextualizar esse encadeamento, é necessário que se aborde o histórico da evolução dos impostos sobre consumo no Brasil, a “estadualização” do ICMS, o papel do sistema constitucional tributário em reprimir as inconstitucionalidades e o entendimento, por parte do leitor, em visualizar o escopo das políticas de benefício fiscal para atração de investimentos particulares de outros estados: o aumento da arrecadação tributária. O caso do “REGIME ESPECIAL DE APURAÇÃO DO ICMS (REA/ICMS)”, concedido pelo Governo do Distrito Federal às empresas atacadistas originárias de outros estados, será analisado em detalhes, em razão de ser um dos mais emblemáticos.