Repositório RCAAP

The Marine Fauna Section of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (São Paulo Oceanographie Institute), has undertaken regular plankton researches along the coastal waters of São Paulo State (Brasil), as an index of their productivity. After examining 297 superficial plankton samples from different areas and seasons, the author found a specimen of Ceratium that was considered very close to Ceratium furca Dujardin var. báltica (Fig. 1). whose occurrence called his attention due to the fact of having on its right side a third supplementary appendix longer than that of the characteristic plate of both species Ceratium hirundinella and macroceros. Up to now, isolated individuals were observed with pre or post-cingular plates which exhibit a variable thikness. Frequently, were found somewhat strong deviations on the right or on the left side of the soecimen examined. Regarding the extra appendix considered here to be a specific variation, the author thinks that nothing definite can be said at present since only one such individual was caught. In the other hand he thinks that this specific variation is worthwhile noticing.

During April 9 to 15, 1949, some parasitic copepods have been caught at the northern seashore region of São Paulo State (Brazil), in the Channel of São Sebastião. All copepods belong to the family Pseudocycnidae and to the species Pseudocycnus appendiculatus Heller. The animals were found in the gills of Gymnosarda alleterata (Rafinesque). This paper deals with the geographical distribution of the species, for the first time captured in brazilian waters.

No summary/description provided

Na viagem efetuada à volta do mundo pela U. S. Exploring Expedition mais conhecida pelo nome de Expedição Wilkes e durante o período em que a mesma operava no Atlântico Ocidental, foram visitadas as regiões do Rio de Janeiro e da Patagônia. Por ocasião da festa comemorativa do centenário da The American Philosophical Society, de Filadélfia, ocorrida a 23 de Fevereiro de 1930, o autor teve a oportunidade de apresentar uma nota prévia da qual constava uma lista de peixes capturados durante o cruzeiro da Expedição. Teve, então, o ensejo de examinar o diário redigido pelo Dr. Charles Pickering, botânico da Expedição, nele encontrando anotações valiosas para a História Natural, considerada em seu sentido amplo, detalhes a respeito das localidades percorridas e relações extensas de animais e plantas, além de diversos representantes pertencentes a outros grupos. Sob o ponto de vista histórico, os comentários aí constantes são de importância significativa. Em muitos casos, essas apreciações fornecem base sólida para a efetivação de estudos faunísticos, de caráter comparativo, muito instrutivos e úteis. O autor examinou a coleção de peixes da Expedição Wilkes que se encontra no Museu Nacional dos Estados Unidos, em Washington, acervo esse gentilmente posto à sua disposição para estudo. Dessa maneira, no presente trabalho, fornece matéria de amplo interesse histórico, visando com isso lançar alguma luz sobre a imensa fauna do Brasil e da Argentina. Baseando-se nos dados fornecidos por Pickering, o autor divulga dados curiosos a respeito da baía do Rio de Janeiro e adjacências, no ano de 1838. Segue-se uma lista contendo a diagnose de 82 espécimes de água doce, salobra e salgada, estudados e comparados com outros de várias procedências. Referindo-se ao Rio Negro, descreve o autor o aspeto da região patagônica, durante certo período de 1839, fazendo comentários a respeito de 7 espécies de peixes nela, encontradas.

In 1948-1949, the author studied the Brazilian Engraulidae of the genus Anchoviella, under the supervision of the late Dr. Samuel F. Hildebrand, ichthyologist of the U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Washington. It has been found desirable to undertake the identification and redescription of the Brazilian Anchovies from the collections of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (São Paulo Oceanographic Institute). This work is then based in the review of the American anchovies published in 1943 by Dr. Hildebrand and in the paper where the author figure as "junior author": "Notes on sobe Brazilian anchovies (Family Engraulidae) with description of four new species" (1948). Through the courtesy of Dr. Hildebrand, a very extensive collection of the U. S. National Museum was available for comparison and study. The principal collection examined was that of Dr. W. C. Schroeder, of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, especially rich in specimens from Brazil. The sequence of characters used in the redescriptions is fairly uniform that is, the various characteres commonly reported are named in the same order. This uniform sequence was carried out for the convenience of the student who in using the paper should soon learn where to look the redescription of any particular character he may wish to check. The geographical distribution of the specimens here considered is shown on the accompanying Map.

Continuing the inventory of the Coelenterate Fauna of the Brazilian coast, 23 species of Hydrozoa and a Scyphomedusa are recorded from different points of the coast aproximately between 22º and 24º lat. S. Of these, 14 species were already known from other points of the coast and the remaining 10 were unknown from this latitude. Two species are here listed as new, they are: Halocordyle fragHis and Calicella gabriellae. 1. - Halocordyle fragilis, Stechow's (1923) correction of the generic name Pennaria has been followed, shows remarkable distinctive specific characters such as: alternate distribution of the cladii which do not lie all in the same plane, they are inserted at random on the hydrocaulus with a tendency towards a spiral dexiotropic distribution, sparse distribution of the pedicels which are alternate and not all located on the same side of the hydrocladium, and, finally, the long, wiry aspect of the colony which is as brittle as light glass. This characteristics are not sufficient, to my belief, to establish a new genus, since the polyps and the gonophores are entirely of the Halocordyle type, but they confer upon the species a very peculiar habitus. 2. - Calicella gabriellae forms erect hydrocauli which are extremely soft and flexuose, with hydrothecate and intermediate internodes. The thecae are deep, cylindrical, with a conical base, there are 10-12 long and narrow opercular valves. The gonangia are small, conical, with a short distal digitiform process. The included sporosac exhibits maturing ova. Dynamena heteroclonta described by Jarvis (1922) as a new species, is here considered as a new form of the very variable species Dynamena quadridentata. Schizotricha billardi nom. nov., is specifically separated from Sch. diaphana (Heller) to which it had been identified up to know. The Brazilian colonies agree with the French Somaliland specimens described by Billard (1904) and they are reunited in a new species named after the French worker. The main difference, between the two mentioned species are: shape and size of the gonothecae, of the thecae and of the nematophores. A description is given of all the species not previously recorded from the Brazilian coast as well as biological observations on Olindias sambaquiensis whose shoals during winter months are very large and may entangle partially the fishermen's nets. Its feeding and swimming habits are described and the species proves to be an excellent laboratory animal both for class and research purposes, for it easily endures long transportation (even up to 12 hours during summer months) as well as unoxygenized acquaria and nevertheless greadily feeds on any animal food.

This work was done with the aim of computing all the species of Hydrozoa (Siphonophora excluded) that have been collected on the Brazilian coast, or in the pelagial, near the coast (some of the "Meteor" Stations). Nutting's (1900, 1904, 1915) and Mayer's (1910) monographs were taken as starting points and later papers and the Zoological Record used to check posterior findings. As a whole, 116 different valid names, among species and forms, have been mentioned from the Brazilian coast, distributed among 60 genera. Of the 116 species, 82 are represented by hydropolyps, 30 by hydromedusae (11 of which belong to the Trachylina and therefore lack a polypoid generation) and finally, by 4 species of which are known both polypoid and medusoid generations. The subdivision of the coast has been made at random, on account of the scarcity of the findings, except for the best known district, that goes from the latitude of Vitoria (State of Espirito Santo, at about 20ºlat.S.) to the bay of Santos (State of São Paulo, about 24ºlat.S.). The latitude of Cabo Frio (23ºlat.S.) was considered as a possible natural barrier, and the results of the global counting of the distribution of the hydropolyps North and South of 23ºlat.S. is the following: 29 species are known only North of Cabo Frio, 26 only from the same latitude (see direction of the coast, along parallel 23ºS.) or further South and 28 species are known both North and South of the coast (of these, 5 species are "cosmopolitan"). Therefore it seems quite possible that Cabo Frio really is a barrier to the distribution of 55 species. 26 species are endemic to the Brazilian coast, of these, only 5 are found both North and South of the Cape, while-14 are found only North and 7 only South. No studies can be done, on the bathymetric distribution in relation to the latitude. These results must be considered as provisory since more extensive researches will probably alter these figures. However, I believe that they are significative as a mean index of the condition of the hydrozoan fauna of the Brazilian coast. A tentative working hypothesis is presented as to the possible factors that confer such a zoogeographic importance to the region of Cabo Frio, a fact that has been foreseen by Ekman (1935, p. 73). Geographic position, currents, latitude and nature of the sea bottom between the continent and the oceanic island of Trindade have been taken in consideration, and all of them seem to be possible eficient factors of separation. Furthermore, according to the data obtained by the "Meteor" Expedition in July 2, 1926, at station 164 (23º8'lat.S. - 42º5'long.W.) and station 165 (23º35'lat.S. - 40º52'long.W.) and by what is known by hearsay and local experience of the region (exact continued study is urgently needed), it seems possible that, off from the sharp curve that the coast has at Cabo Frio, there may be an irregularity of the general scheme of the current and local upwelling may be present that would explain the local low temperature, low salinity and high density of the superficial layers as well as the abundance of fishes; these factors might contribute towards the establishement of a zoogeographical barrier. Further work is needed and nothing more than an hypothesis can be presented for the moment.

This paper is to be considered as a first contribution to the special distribution regarding marine sea-weed of the Parana coast (Caiobá). We shall consider three coastal types: a) Those of the rocky coast subject to the action of waves. b) Those of the rocky coast but nevertheless more or less protected; and, c) Those of the marshy ground. "Within the proposed plan, the first type is divided into two zones: 1) The Splash Zone located above the average limit of the tide (fig. 2 n.º 1). Foreign authors call this zone also the Spritzone. 2) The Intertidal Zone (Ressaca), situated between the average of the levels of the tide. Foreign authors named this zone the Gezeitenzone (fig. 2 n.º 2). The first named of the two above zones contains only one species of sead-weed, Lyngbya confervoides and at least two species of molluks of the Littorina genus. The second zone is the richer one of the two in animals as well as in sea-weed and is especially characterized in Caiobá by means of the following sea-weeds: Levringia sp., Chaetomorpha media and Centroceras clavulatum. These are to be found in the upper part together with balanoids (craca) and Mytilus perna (marisco). Pterosiphonia pennata, Hypnea musciformis, and Bryocladia thyrsigera are prevalent in the lower part. Another three secondary types are to be found, however, this depending upon local conditions of the rocks. This succession of Littorina, balanoides and Mytilus is the same as that existing in the Southern part of Africa, as can be noted from works published by Stephenson (11,12) and various others of his collaborators. The second type also populates two zones, being the second one the richer and it also provides a grater variety. Here we find a group of sea-weeds and among them the following dominate Callithamnion, Laurencia papulosa, Gigartina Teedii and Sargassum cymosum. It is believed that there exists another zone below the inferior limit of the tide and the same presents us the species Rhodymenia Palmetta, Plocamium brasiliensis and Spatoglossum Schroederi. A quick enumeration of the sea-weeds living in the marshy ground is made.

As the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia (The São Paulo Oceanographic Institute) received a great deal of carcinological material collected by its Director, Prof. W. Besnard, on the trip made to the Ilha da Trindade (20º 30' 00" S. & 29º 22' 00" W.), the author resolved to examine the Arthropoda of that region. Although especially interested in the Decapoda Macrura, the author determined to study the received Stomatopoda, considering that, besides these samples, the collections of the Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia possessed several specimens of the littoral of the State of S. Paulo and of the coast of the State of Espirito Santo. Respecting our knowledge about the specimens of the littoral region, South America surely occupy but a place of little importance in the range shown substancial researches in that matter, the Atlantic region is considered as one of the most neglected. In this previous note we are considering, therefore, nine species found by several authors along the Brazilian coast. From these ones, four could be identified in the collections of the Institute. The author refers to them, giving an explaining sketch of the essential parts of each of them. Thus, the author hopes to have given a contribution, at this rate, to the investigation of one of the groups of the Arthropoda Phylum, less studied in Brazil.

Neste trabalho apresentamos os anfípodos do gênero Elasmopus, que são representados na coleção da Estação de Hidrobiologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, e entre eles temos a honra de dedicar uma espécie ao Prof. W. Besnard. Assim este trabalho representa, de certo modo, uma contribuição aos resultados da Expedição do navio 'Baependi', realizada em 1950, à Ilha da Trindade.

The oceanographic work realized during 10 days in the surroundings of the eruptive island of Trindade, 20º30'36" lat. S - 29º19'26" long. W, had as principal aim the determination of the insular plateau, whose knowledge was very insufficient. Thus were established some oceanographic stations and sounding lines were realized by means of an echobathymeter whose responses were initially verified with mechanical soundings obtaneid by means of a Thomson sounder. The insular plateau is very narrow and exhibits a sudden fall between the 100 and 120 m. depth line at 740 m. - 2950 m. from the coast. Its greatest depth is of 108,30 m. and its mean inclination is of 8,12%. The plateau of the island of Trindade is separated from that of the neighbouring group of Martim Yaz by great depths. The bottoms are rocky near the coast, the blocks having been produced by the rupture of the magmatic mass of the island. Further away from the coast, the size of the rocks gradually diminishes up to the fine sand thickness. In the litoral zone there are abundant tufts of living Lithothamnion with a rich associated flora and fauna, which partly covers the rocks themselves. Further off at sea, the spheres of the dead alga with its commensals are cimented together by sedimentation. The spheres are further broken up and become an integrating part of the sand. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the sand bottoms are shown in tables 2 and 3. The coast is either of abrupt rocky walls falling down to sea level, or of shores, made of pebbles or of sand. Anyhow, there are frequently Lithothamnion terraces slightly inclinated towards the bottom (chemical analysis table 1).

No número V de "Contribuciones a la Ictiología", o autor faz referências a algumas espécies de peixes da família Gobiidae, da coleção do Laboratório Aragó (Banyuls-sur-mer), fornecendo normas para o estudo sistemático baseadas nos órgãos ciatiformes, ou terminações sensoriais. Dessa maneira efetuou o Autor a determinação genérica e específica de alguns Gobideos da Europa. No número VI de "Contribuciones a la Ictiología" faz-se a descrição de um novo gênero (Austrogobius) de Gobídeo sul-americano, no qual é colocado o Gobiosoma parri Ginsburg, fornecendo-se as características que o distinguem, especialmente a distribuição de tubos mucosos e geniporos.

From the Jaseur Bank, off the Brazilian coast at 20º 30' S - 35º 50' W, were collected a few specimens of one of the less known species of the Heteropoda: Firoloida lesueuri (d'Orbigny). A detailed anatomical description follows aiming at the elucidation of some obscure points in the litterature on the subject and at showing the identity of most of the previously described "species" of the genus Firoloida. Special care was taken with the study of the nervous system of which most of the descriptions found were discordant. The author arrived at the conclusion that the pleural ganglia are either missing of fused to the cerebral ganglia, that the supraintestinal ganglion (left parietal ganglion) is present in the posterior region and is close to the subintestinal or right parietal ganglion, being both located near the rear end of the body. The innervations are described and discussed as well as the fusion of extensive tracts of the connectives. The present material is shown to be identical to F. kowalewskyi, well described by Vayssière and Tesch; F. desmaresti (Lesueur 1817) is shown to be undistinguishable from F. blainvilleana and F. gracilis. F. aculeata and F. gaimardi are here considered as "nomina nuda". F. liguriae Issel 1907 is admitted as separate species in spite of its insufficient description and, finally, F. vigilans (Troschel 1855), unsatisfactorily described from only one specimen is perhaps a valid species. A table is presented to show the slight differences between the 4 species which are undoubtedly very similar. F. desmaresti is found only in the Atlantic north of the line and a few points south and close to it as well as in dependent seas, while F. lesueuri is common to the south Atlantic, south Indie and south Pacific oceans, extending north only up to the Azores Islands. F. liguriae is from the south western Atlantic. ?F. vigilans would be an endemic species from Messina (Mediterranean).

In May 1950 a trip was undertaken by the ships "Baependi" and "Vega" to the Trindade Island - 20º30'S and 29º20'W - Approximately 1200 km off the coast of Espirito Santo State. This scientific expedition was realized by the iniciative of the Minister J. A. Lins de Barros. In this expedition the supervisor of the oceanographic works was Prof. W. Besnard, the director of the São Paulo Oceanographic Institute. He brougth home 42 samples of water for study, collected upon the insular terrace of the island, referring to the 15 established stations - see table I - with depths varying between 0 m and 115 m. The physical and chemical properties of them are to be seen on table II. The results obtained were compared with those of the German Expedition to the South Atlantic, 1925/27 ("Meteor"), observed at the stations 157-158-159-163 of profile VI and 168-169-170 of profile VII. The mean results obtaneid by the boats "Baependi" and "Vega" are represented on table IV. We constructed vertical sections - I to VI - of each group of Stations, showing the slope of the insular shelves and, in a general manner, the distribution of salinity. We made also longitudinal section - E, M, I - involving the island and corresponding, respectively, to the groups of stations, the farthest, nearest and intermediary ones. As the number of samples received is reduced and consequently the data obtained are few, no conclusions could be deduced. We made only a commentary supposing that the predominating waters surrounding the island are the same as those coming from the mentioned stations on Profile VI, marked by the "Meteor". No indication authorizes the supposition that waters of the Brazil Current or those of Profile VII of the "Meteor" reach the Trindade Island. On the contrary, its waters must be warm and salted to which Albert Defant (Die Troposphaere, Wiss. Erg. D. Atl. Exp. "Meteor" Band VI, 1 Tel Lief. 3, Berlin, 1936) has referred, as the island is located very near to the limits of the perspective diagram of warm water circulation pointed out. (Kieler Meeresforschungen, Inst. Meereskunde, Universit. Kiel, Band VII, Heft 1, S 24, 1950).

No summary/description provided

This paper mentions the presence of Scyllarides brasiliensis Rathbun, in the littoral zone of the State of S. Paulo. The author examined 5 specimens (2 and 3 ) from Ubatuba and 8 (4 and 4 ) from the Island of Vitória, along the northern coast of the State, in the surroudings of the island of S. Sebastião. Many of the specialists that studied the group overlooked the work of Gill (1898) that splitted the genus Scyllarus in Scyllarus and Scyllarides and thus several species that ougth to be placed in the latter mentioned genus are still described as belonging to Scyllarus. Most of the species that inhabit the brazilian coast must be referred to Scyllarides. The author compares the measurements of the present specimens with those studied by Verrill and Kathbun, and rapidly refers the species' habits and its economic value.

A presente nota trata de alguns copépodos, parasitos de peixes marítimos, e baseia-se em uma coleção de ecto-parasitos pertencentes às Subordens Cyclopoida, Caligoida e Lernaeopodoida que se encontra no Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia e que foi acumulada entre os anos de 1940 e 1949. Uma parte dos espécimes aqui tratados foi obtida por doação; outra teve por origem as periódicas viagens de estudo efetuadas pelos funcionários do Instituto, ao longo do litoral do Estado de S. Paulo; finalmente, uma pequena parte devida à aquisição de exemplares parasitados, nas feiras e mercados de Santos e S. Paulo. Dessa maneira, conseguiu o autor manipular 117 espécimes pertencentes a 8 famílias, 11 gêneros e 13 espécies diferentes, uma das quais, do gênero Caligus, não pôde ser determinada, por falta de bibliografia. O material foi retirado de 22 espécimes marinhos, entre os quais figuraram apenas 5 fortemente parasitados, contendo 10, 14, 16, 18 e 37 hóspedes. Nenhum dos hóspedes, porém, apresentou qualquer indício de depauperamento orgânico evidente.

Experimentos laboratoriais foram realizados para investigar a capacidade de isolados de fungos predadores das espécies Arthrobotrys musiformis (isolado 3), A. conoides (isolado A) e A. robusta (isolados B e E) de predar e matar larvas infectantes de Cooperia punctata. Dois grupos foram formados para o teste de cada isolado: grupo 1, fungos e larvas infectantes e grupo 2, larvas infectantes (controle). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05) entre a atividade predatória do isolado E de A. robusta, quando comparado com todos os outros isolados de Arthrobotrys spp (isolados A, B e 3). Nenhuma diferença estatística (p>;0,05) foi encontrada entre o isolado E e o grupo controle. Isto pode indicar uma variação existente dentro de uma mesma espécie de fungo ou gênero quanto à predação de larvas infectantes de C. punctata.

We studied the vascular pattern of arterial blood supply and the number and distribution of penetrating vessels in 30 pairs of testicles of Murrah buffalos, from 8 months to 5 years old, native from Ilha Solteira (São Paulo-Brazil). The vascular pattern was analyzed in plastic models, obtained by injection of vinilyte in the testicular artery and further corrosion of the organ in 30% sulfuric acid. In these animals the testicular artery showed five vascular arrangements. In one case the artery was divided in two branches, named cranial and caudal in 68.4% which showed: a) equivalent participation of both branches in the arterial vascularization in 35.0%; b) the cranial branch was predominant in 21.7%; and finally the predominant branch was the caudal one in 11.7%. In other studied cases, the testicular artery originated three branches: the cranial, the medial and the caudal ones in 20.0% or that artery originated a varied number of cranial (4-7) and caudal (3-5) branches in 11.6%.

Para a realização deste estudo foram coletados os estômagos de 36 animais, 28 queixadas e 8 catetos. Através da porção torácica da aorta, a artéria celíaca recebeu injeção de neoprene-látex 650 corado com o objetivo de preencher ramificações arteriais deste vaso que se dirigiam aos compartimentos do estômago. Em seguida, as peças foram fixadas em solução aquosa a 10% para serem cuidadosamente dissecadas e analisadas. Os resultados mostraram que este órgão, em ambas as espécies, encontra-se suprido pela artéria celíaca em 100% das observações, sendo que nos queixadas, a trifurcação deste vaso, originando as artérias esplênica, gástrica esquerda e hepática, ocorreu com maior freqüência (71,41% ± 7,5), enquanto nos catetos o referido vaso originou principalmente (80% ± 14,14) o tronco gastroesplênico e a artéria hepática individual.