Repositório RCAAP

The mandibular foramen was evaluated in domestical cats, to its exact localization to support the alveolar mandibular nerve anesthesic block. Thirty adults domestic cat (Felis catus), 5 male and 25 female were study. Six reference points were measured with universal pachimeter, after mandibular colects preparing. LONG (more lateral edge of the condilar process until the firts incisive lower incisive); TRANS (ventral edge of mandibule until dorsal edge between the second pre-molar teeth and the first teeth inferior); FVENTRAL (more rostrail edge of mandibular foramen until the ventral edge of mandibule); ANG (extremity of the edge more rostral mandibular); COND (extremity more rostral mandibular foramen until the medial edge of the mandibulae condilar of process); COR (more rostral edge of mandibular foramen until mandibule condilar process). The results were submited to descritive estatistics analysis and its use T of Student with p=0,05 where observe the best local anesthesic block of inferior alveolar nerve with a needle would to introduce of 4,1 at 4,4 mm mandibule ventral edge and 12,37 at 12,57 mm of angular process.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The objective of this work to evaluate the estimate daily gain, body measurements, gastrointestinal development of the rumen and small intestine, the diarrhea incidence and morphometric of intestinal villous and rumen papillae, in sucking calves in function of the addition of probiotics in the liquid diet. Thirty male crossbred calves Holstein x Zebu, were distributed in completely randomized design with three treatments: Treatment 1 - whole milk (control), Treatment 2 - whole milk + Sacharomyces cerevisiae and Treatment 3 - whole milk + Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Sacharomyces cerevisae, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium. The feeding supplied daily was constituted of milk, concentrated and hay of grass-Tifton-85. Calves were weighed and measured every fifteen days until slaughter. The incidence of diarrheas was analysed through the verification of the consistence oh the feces. For macroscopic evaluation, it was measured the back-ventral length, crown-rump and rumen weight, length and weight of the small intestine and lumen of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the analysis of small intestine and rumen histomorphometric, the height and width of villous were measured, it distance between them and height of the rumen papillae. There were not differences among treatments to daily gain, body and the diarrhea incidence in sucking calves but there were differences to absorptive surface of the jejunum and ileum (90 days) and to absorptive surface of the rumen papillae (45 days). The supply of probiotics in the liquid diet did not influence the performance and development of the sucking calves.

The prostate gland consists of 30 to 50 ramified glands around the bladder neck and the pelvic urethra in the male. It is a medium lobe and two side ones, covered by a fibrous vessel which contains smooth muscular fibers. Dogs, such as men are the unique mammals that suffer natural pathologic process in the prostate gland related to their age. The purpose of this study was to research microscopic alterations of the prostate gland in dogs in different ages that were submitted to orchiectomy as well as dogs that were not submitted to that process. In both group of animals many points were considered, e.g., weight, size and prostatic extent. These findings were correlated to the kind of tissue lesion found. So that it could be checked if there is any linking between the different lesions of the prostatic tissue and androgenic hormonic stimulus. A hundred adult, male dogs from several breeds and different ages (about 7 years old) were submitted to necropsy. They were classified in two groups; 50 castrated animals and 50 non-castrated ones. The glands were collected, measured, weighed and evaluated thru naked eye; considering their coloration, consistency and aspect. After resting in a 10% formaldehyde solution, transverse cuts were made and sample of the lobes were observed. Then those samples were processed in order to make the slides according to the protocol used by histopathology laboratory of Universidade de Uberaba. At the end, the incidence of each prostatic disease was evaluated, correlating the histopathologic findings to the age of the animals as well as to the pertaining group. The results were ruled in the following tests: Sperman, test t of Student and binomial test; considering a level minor than 5%. The average weight and size of the normal prostate gland in castrated and noncastrated dogs were 0,67g/kg , 0,78 cc/kg ,0,58 g/kg, 0.73cc/kg. In the group of animals that were not submitted to orchiectomy the most common histopathologic diagnoses were: benign prostatic hyperplasia (H.P.B) (56,0%), prostatitis (54%) and H.P.B (14%). Most of the prostatic tissues which were analyzed, had 2 or more concurrent histopathologic alterations; 60% in the noncastrated group of dogs and 70% in the castrated one. Normal prostatic tissue was not found in dogs older than 7 years old that were submitted to orchiectomy, however it may be concluded that orchiectomy does not interfere significantly in the occurrence of different pathologies of the prostatic tissue, but its development depends on hormones. Though the age is a variable to be considered, concerning to prostatic tissue pathology, since all the animals older than seven years had glandular lesions.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias

The Tracajá has herb-based diet, but it can be fed with a small quantity of animal-based food. The digestion time of these animals is influenced by both temperature and nutricion status. To understand the digestion process of food in animal organisms, studies on the gastrointestinal tract transit are necessary. The objective of this study was evaluate the radiography anatomy and determine the gastrointestinal transit time of this reptile, in order to supply information to clinical and surgery operations. Ten animals from laboratory of research in wild animals of University Federal Uberlândia, with approximately 2 years of age e 1.08 ± 0.25 kg of weight were sampled. The animals were orally fed with a barium sulfate suspension (Bariogel®) at 10mL/kg mixed with mineral oil (Nujol®), at a rate of 70% of barium sulfate for 30% of mineral oil. Afterwards, the animals underwent radiography in a dorsum ventriloquoal position, with the X-ray device adjusted at 72 Kv and 200 mA, in time intervals as to follow the permanency of contrast in the organism. Five minutes after the contrast was supplied, the stomach was fulfilled. After sixteen hours the contrast advanced to the small intestine. In 48 hours, the whole small intestine and part of the colon were fulfilled. On the 9th day the stomach showed empty and the contrast advanced to the colon. On the 11th day, the colon was totally fulfilled and the contrast was close to cloaca. On the 18th day all contrast was eliminated by the animal. Therefore, we can conclude that it was possible to determine the whole radiographic sequence of the contrast in the gastrointestinal tract of these animals and to establish some parameters regarding time in each region of the digestion tube; contrast passes more quickly through the small intestine than in the colon; total time for contrast elimination was, in average, 17.6 ± 2.41 days with the minimum of 12 and maximum of 22 days.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The aim of this work was to characterize the histological development of testes in embryos and fetuses of cross-breed equines. The research included: primordial germinative cells (PGCs) identification, gonadal ridge appearance and gonadal differentiation, forerunners of Sertoli cells, tunic albuginea and gonadal cords appearance. There were obtained testes from 17 embryos and 147 fetuses at a slaughter, whose length (crown-rump, CR) were measured in centimeters. Their age were estimated by the regression equation, in which the days of gestation (DG) varies with the CR. The embryos and fetuses sex were identified by PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) and macroscopic observations, respectively. The testes were bisected at their point of greatest circumference, fixed for 24 hours in Bouin s fluid, sectioned at a thickness of 5 μm and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The histological analysis were made in a Pentium III 450 MHz computer using HLimage++ 97 software. Light microscopic examinations have showed that the first PGCs appeared at embryos with 31 DG, when the gonadal ridge was detected. The gonadal differentiation, forerunners of Sertoli cells, tunic albuginea, and gonadal cords appearance occurred in fetuses with 40; 43; 49; 53, DG respectively. The gonadal ridge was seen in embryos with 45 DG. The PGCs gonadal colonization starts in embryos with 31 DG. The macroscopical gonadal differentiation occurs in fetuses with 40 DG. The forerunners of Sertoli cells were identify in fetuses with 43 DG. The tunic albuginea formation starts in fetuses with 49 DG, gonadal cords was first seen in fetuses with 53 DG.

This study aimed to check the microbiological quality and the potential danger of consumption of ground beef, and determine the main risk factors related to the place of their marketing. Samples of ground beef cattle from the five geographic sectors of the city of Uberlandia-MG were analyzed. Total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus sp were quantified and qualitative analysis of Salmonella, Listeria sp, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. Additionally, pH and temperature were measured immediately after the acquisition. The grinders of meat were evaluated by the quantification of bioindicators. A check-list was made for the classification of establishments. It was used rapid test for the Compact dry ® search of bioindicators, and the traditional methodology for the other analyses. The confirmation of the identification of Listeria sp and Listeria monocytogenes was obtained using the techniques of PCR and RT-PCR, respectively. The counts of total coliform and E. coli showed that 57.5% and 45% respectively, were between 103CFU.g-1 to 105 CFU.g-1 and 102 to 104 CFU.g-1. Staphylococcus sp was determined in 100% of the samples, with counts ranging from 103 CFU.g-1 to 105 CFU.g-1. High counts of bacteria in mesophilic equipment indicate poor hygiene. The inadequate hygiene was confirmed by high counts of total coliform and E. coli in equipment, and highlights the danger of cross-contamination. Hygiene, maintenance of equipment and utensils, presentation and personal items were valued more evidence that non-conformities The presence of pathogens such as Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogenes is worrying, because 38.5% and 15.5% of meat, respectively, showed presence of these pathogens. The use of PCR and RT-PCR demonstrated efficiency and speed for the identification of Listeria sp and L.monocytogenes, and can be used in routine to reduce the time for analysis. The lack of standards for microbiological food pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter complicates the decision-making regarding the fate of contaminated products, which are a risk to the health of consumers.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age and lineage of layers breeders light and semi heavy on the quality of the egg, the pinto newly eclodido and performance of incubation. 3,456 eggs were used for breeding light (Dekalb White) and semi heavy (Bovans Goldline) in three different ages (young, old and middle age). The experiment was divided into two stages, at first we evaluate the characteristics of the eggs of a sample of 360 eggs (60 per treatment). In the second stage evaluated the performance of chicks hatching and quality of a sample of 3,096 eggs (516 per treatment). It was observed that the quality of the shell fell and the weight of the egg increased with the increase of age of the birds. The layers breeders Dekalb White eggs produced heavier in the middle ages and with better quality of bark at all ages. With the increasing age of the bird has increased the percentage of yolk and albumen decreases. This decrease was more pronounced in a manner eggs line Dekalb White. Eggs of the same lineage, layers breeders young and old had a higher percentage of egg yolk. The pH of the yolk and albumen increased with the ageing of layers breeding, which in old age, the egg line Dekalb White shows higher values for these variables that line Bovans Goldline. As for the assessment of incubation found that birds' eggs old line Bovans Goldline had greater percentage of weight loss during the incubation than those from Dekalb White layers breeders of the same age. The weight of pinto increased with increasing age of the leyer breeding and Dekalb White chicks born heavier that the Bovans Goldline. However, the relationship of chicks weight / weight of the egg was higher for chicks Bovans Goldline poultry young and middle age. The progeny Dekalb White was not influenced by the age of reproductive on this parameter. The percentage of females born in respect of fertile eggs was greater in the lineage Dekalb White. Since young matrices obtained lower values for this variable, regardless of their lineage. The female chicks Dekalb White, and had weights more uniform, had a higher percentage of bag viteline than the Bovans Goldline. The age of the matrix no effect on these variables. The percentage of the heart and lungs in the weight of the female chicks were not influenced by age or the lineage of breeding.

Twenty-two castrated male pigs individually housed were used to compare two different genetics lineages (A and B) derived from Large White breed, submitted to different tools of genetic selection, considering: growth performance, intestinal morphometry, carcass and pork quality. In each of the two lineages, they were analised for: (1) Performance: weight, total feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, viscera weight and intestinal morphometry; (2) Carcass quality: Water holding capacity, drip loss, color, intramuscular fat, muscular fibers morphometry (LD and SM muscles), sensorial analysis, and leptin (obese) gen. There were no statistical difference (p>0.05) between studied lineages, showing standard of rearing conditions. Divergent tools in genetic selection didn t influence performance growth, carcass and pork quality. Pork form both lineage were considered of great quality by consumer s test.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the supplementation of different sources of protein concentrates, glutamine, acid glutamic and or yeast extract in diets of piglets from 26 to 44 days of age. At 22nd day of age, weaning day, 210 piglets, females and castrated males, crossbred of Landrace, Large White and Duroc races, with 6,79 kg average weight, had been classified in three groups according to weight. Until 25th day of age, all them received the same feed, without inclusion of yeast extract and/or glutamine e glutamic acid. In 26th day of age (zero day), the supply of the experimental diets was initiated as: T1: Pre-initial feed with yeast extract, gutamine and glutamic acid; T2: Preinitial feed with yeast extract; T3: Pre-initial feed with glutamine and glutamic acid. The amounts of additives were indicated by the manufacturers. The additives tested, yeast extract and glutamine e glutamic acid, were enclosed considering their nutritional profile. The experimental diets (Pre-initial I and Preinitial II) were constituted of maize pre-stew (or gelatinized), soybean meal, sugar, milk supplements, organics acids, soybean oil, vitamin-minerals mixtures and other additives. During all the period of the test, the feed intake was measured by pen. It was evaluated, in each period, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily weight gain (ADWG), feed conversion (FC), of protein utilization efficiency rate (PUE) and energy utilization efficiency rate (EUE) of each class of weight and treatment. Blood samples of three piglets from each pen at the end of supply of experimental diets (44 days of age) were collected to carry out hemogram and biochemist analyses (glucose, urea, creatinine, serum total proteins and albumin). The values of globulins had been calculated by the difference between serum total proteins and albumin concentrations. The relation albumin: globulin (A/G) was gotten by estimative, dividing albumin concentration by globulin concentration. In each pen, organs (spleen, stomach, liver, pancreas, kidneys, and intestine) were collected from one piglet, which live weight was next to average of group. Fragments of duodenum, jejune and ileum had been fixed to measure histomorphometric characteristics as: height of the villosities (HVILOS), depth of crypts (DCRIP), to estimate relation HVILOS/DCRIP, villosities and crypts width to calculate M value, which represents how many times intestinal mucosal surface was higher. Gotten data have been submitted to procedures of statistics program SISVAR. In statistics analysis, averages had been compared by Tukey test, at 5% of probability. For M value, data were submitted to Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to confirm normal distribution; after that, variance analisys was taken, and test t was applied in pairs of traits. Analysis of variance in randomized complete block designwas used, considering three treatments and three blocks (categories of weight). The yeast extract and or glutamina and acid glutamic use in diets of weaned pigs made possible the similar performance and physiological results between the treatments. The surface of intestinal absorption in the duodenum was bigger in the treatments contends yeast extract.

CHAPTER 2: Among the organic waste produced by poultry activity, the chicken manure presents potential to be used in the rehabilitation of degraded areas. The experiment was developed in RED LATOSSOL distrofic under grazing of Brachiaria decumbens in a state of advanced deterioration to evaluate the influence of fertilization and mineral with chicken manure in productivity, attributes bromatologics and in the absorption of nutrients from Brachiaria decumbens. The approach was mounted in completely randomized design, which were used six treatments (control without fertilization organic or mineral, control with mineral fertilization, four unique strengths of chicken manure (3,125, 6,250, 9,375 and 12,500 kg ha-1). The application of the residue the haul was in coverage, there were two collections the of Shoot of upland (December 2005 and February 2006). Observed that the influence of the application on productivity occurred only in 2 collection and was more expressive in dealing with 9,375 and 12,500 kg ha-1 of chicken manure. The behavior observed for CP, NDF ADF and lignin were little influenced by the organic fertilization or mineral, expecting that the crude protein were more influenced by fertilization depending on the content of nitrogen present in the chicken manure. The absorption of nutrients was more efficient for phosphorus and potassium, and was not significant for the calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, but it is recommended that sulfur is supplemented in another experiment with application of this waste. Concludes that the chicken manure presents potential to be used in pastures of Brachiaria decumbens, favoring its recovery function mainly in the levels of phosphorus and potassium. CHAPTER 3: The creation of turkey if has developed in Brazil mainly in the last decade, in virtue of the increase of the demand of the external and internal market. Despite the presented similarity the chicken manure enters and the turkey manure, is necessary to evaluate particularities of this residue in the recovery of an area degraded under pasture vegetation. The experiment was developed in a dystrophic RED LATOSSOLO under pasture of Brachiaria decumbens in advanced state of degradation to evaluate the influence of the mineral fertilization and the turkey manure in the chemical attributes of the ground, and in the absorption of nutrients and the bromatologic characteristics of the Brachiaria decumbens. The delineation was mounted in completely randomized design, where six treatments had been used (witness, a mineral dosage, four exclusive dosages of turkey manure (1,695; 3,390; 5,085 and 6,780 kg ha-1). The application of the residue was the throwing in covering, became fulfilled two collections leaf in the period of waters. It presents itself as an excellent organic residue to promote the recovery of degraded areas despite its bigger increments have been on levels of phosphorus and potassium. It was hoped that the turkey manure it is larger increments in productivity of DM and crude protein, which has not occurred, indicating the need for more research and use of this residue. CHAPTER 4: Objective to evaluate the influence of fertilization mineral and liquid swine slurry in productivity, bromatológic and absorption of nutrients from Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was developed in a LATOSSOLO RED distrofic under grazing of Brachiaria decumbens, in a state of deterioration with evolutionary loss of vigor and productivity of forage, advanced. The approach was mounted in completely randomized design with six treatments (control without fertilization, control with the use of mineral fertilizer, four unique strengths of liquid swine slurry (60 m3 ha-1, 121 m3 ha-1, 181 m3 ha-1 and 241 m3 ha-1). The application of the residue was done to haul in coverage, took place two applications of waste separate and two collections of leaf material (December 2005 and February 2006). Noted that the liquid swine slurry promoted increases in productivity of dry matter and the green pasture. However not promoted any improvement in the absorption of nutrient evaluated. The liquid swine slurry also promoted reduction in the content of the forage ADF. It is recommended greater care in the characterization of excrements in experimentation, and conditions this experiment their application not caused environment impact to the system.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Twenty four rabbits were separate in control group (GC) and treated with stem cell group (GCT). Under general anesthesia a Rosenthal 16G needle was inserted into umeral tubercle to collect 2,0mL of bone-marrow. It was proceeded the isolation, the counting and the viability of the mesenchymal autologous cells. A lateral parapatelar incision was made over the left knee in skin and articular capsule. The patella was medially dislocated and a segment about 0,4cm x 1,0cm was removed in the throclear groove. In GC and GCT that local was filled by alogenic osteochondral graft conserved in glycerin. In GCT it was inject 2 x 106 mononuclear stem cells. On 45 and 90 days of postoperative, in 75% of GC animals the articular capsule presented thick and in 41,66% adhered to adjacent tissues. The graft was osteointegrated in 33,33% and 58,33% with bone alterations. In GCT the graft adhered into the receptor bed, in 91,66% degeneration process was not observed, and in 58,33% it was noted endochondral ossification of the subchondral bone with bone consolidation. Alogenic osteochondral grafts conserved in 98% glycerin in rabbits throclear groove repair, associated with intra-articular injection of autologous mononuclear cells, stimulate fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage formation with integration of the graft into the receptor bed.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The R. sanguineus is the tick with most world wide distribution and represents, as curiosity, the unique genus in Brazil. This acarus is associated to the presence of its host, the dog, and is used as a vector to agents of high importance diseases such as canine erliquiosis and babesiosis and humans botonose and spotted fever. The present paper had the aim to evaluate the efficiency and to characterize the induced immune answer by a mosquito subolesin recombinant vaccine and orhtolog of the tick Ixodes scapularis against R. sanguineus. In this evaluation six dogs were vaccine inoculated and other six were inoculated only with the adjuvant. The animals were then challenged with experimental infestation to evaluate vaccine s efficiency. The tick dog s cutaneous reaction was rated by histopathology. Hyper sensibility cutaneous test with tick antigens was done to estimate vaccinated dog s immune answer alterations. Antibodies titles against the vaccinal antigen were estimated by ELISA. Although there was a decrease in the recovering rate of grubs and nymphs in the vaccinated animals there wasn t statistical differences in biological parameters between the two experimental groups. The vaccinated animals presented more discreet hemorrhages, necrosis and edema at the tick s fixation point. The cutaneous hyper sensibility of vaccinated animals was exacerbated. The vaccinated animals presented an elevation in anti-subolesin antibodies. It s been concluded that the tested vaccine doesn t induce to a remarkable resistance to the tick R. sanguineus in spite of it can modifcate the hot s reaction.

The growing number of domestic cats (Felis catus) living in close relationship with humans, in the condition of animal companions, has led to a concomitantly increasing demand for new knowledge about the species, particularly about the hematological and serum biochemical parameters, which are important tools in the evaluation and monitoring of their health and their adaptation to the lifestyle imposed on them. In this context, the purpose of this study was to determine the physiological changes, and the influence of racial factors and of sex on the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of adult domestic Persian and half-breed cats. Analyses were made of the hematological parameters and 24 serum biochemical constituents of 106 adult domestic cats, over 24 months of age, males and females, 51 Persians and 55 half-breeds. With regard to the hematological parameters, it was found that the mean values of rod neutrophils of the half-breed cats and of eosinophils of both Persians and half-breeds were higher than the reference values for the species. The serum biochemical profile of the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the Persian cats and the concentration of urea in both Persians and half-breeds showed mean values exceeding the reference values reported in the literature. A comparison of the hemograms of the Persians and half-breeds revealed statistically significant differences in the values of their globular volume, mean globular volume (MGV), and number of basophils. As for the serum biochemistry, of the 24 elements analyzed, statistically significant differences were found in the mean values of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, globulins, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, Ca:P ratio, uric acid, and amylase between the Persian and half-breed cats. No significant difference was found between males and females in the values of the hematological of serum biochemical parameters analyzed. It was concluded that the breed, but not sex, influences the hematological parameters and the serum biochemical profile of adult domestic cats.