Repositório RCAAP

Ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites and are thus infectious disease vectors for both humans and animals. To understand the epidemiology of tick-borne infectious diseases it is essential to know the life cycle of ticks. Amblyomma parvum is a Neotropical tick and its life cycle is poorly understood. In this work the biology of A. parvum is described when fed on several potential and domestic hosts (chicken, dog, rabbit, horse, guinea pig, cattle and goat). The complete life cycle of the tick varied from 97 to 102 days. Highest engorgement weight of larvae was obtained of ticks fed on horses and nymphs on guinea pigs. Highest larval yield were obtained from guinea pigs and that of nymphs from horses. Mean molting rate varied from 58,4% in goats to 100% in dogs. Engorged female and egg mass weights, yield and conversion of female weight to eggs rates were superior in dog ticks and lowest in goat ticks. The highest egg hatching rate was seen in ticks from dogs (100%) and the lowest in ticks from cattle (48,3%). Overall it was seen that dogs were the best host for adult A. parvum ticks, and guinea pigs for immatures. Horses were also shown to be a good host for all tick stages. It can thus be affirmed that A. parvum is a host generalist tick, and its distribution is probably much more restricted by environmental requirements than by hosts.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of age of Dekalb White hens in the composition of the shell and internal contents of eggs for human consumption. We studied two samples of 40 eggs each in 10 different ages (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 weeks) in the same batch of chickens. The sample A was formed with average weights of eggs and growing certain second line of table and sample B was formed with average weights of eggs set. It was analyzed each component of egg characteristic physical and chemical. From this it was possible to observe that the specific gravity decreased with increasing age of the bird, showing relation of this variable with age of the chicken and not with the size of the egg. The percentage and shell thickness were inversely proportional to the age of the chicken and there was no direct correlation with the weight of the egg. The mineral deposition in the bark was concluded that allowing the deposition of the mineral shell is proportional to the size of the egg. The percentage of calcium and phosphorus decreased in direct ratio of the increase of age in the two samples. The albumen weight increased in A and decreased in B, showing respect to the size of the egg. The percentage of moisture of albumen increased with increasing age of the chicken and showed no relation with the weight of the egg. The percentage of protein of the albumen was constant throughout the ages studied and between samples, showing relationship with the weight of the egg. The pH of the albumen increased in direct ratio to age of hen. Weight and percentage of egg yolk increased with increasing age of hen. The percentage of moisture from the yolk decreased as the age of the hen increased. At the end of this study, we observed that the age of the chicken light, therefore, influenced the specific gravity, percentage, thickness, pore number, percentage of calcium and phosphorus in the shell; moisture and albumen pH, weight, percentage, moisture , protein, fat and mineral content of the yolk.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels (0; 1; 1,5 and 2%) of calcium oxide (CaO) and different hydrolysis time (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) on the fresh and ensiled sugarcane bromatological composition and on its fermentative perfile. The present work was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates per treatment and variance analyses was made with Sisvar program (Tukey Test at 5% of significance). Amounts of sugarcane (IAC 86-2480) were treated with 0; 1; 1,5 and 2% of CaO and samples were collected of each treatment after 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of CaO addition. Part of treated sugarcane was ensiled in experimental silos which were opened 30 days later. The following variables were analyzed: dry mater (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), liginin (LIG), etereo extract (EE), mineral material (MM), not nitrogen extract (NNE), phosphor (P), calcium (Ca), cellulose ( CEL), hemicellulose (HEM), total digestive nutrients (TDN), volatile fatty acid (VFA), lactate, amoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH. To fresh sugarcane the treatment with 1% of CaO was able to reduce CF, ADF and NDF and to increase MM, Ca and P, on time 0. After 6 h of hydrolysis with 1; 1,5 or 2% of CaO LIG was reduced and after 24h DM was increased and CEL and HEM were reduced. To ensiled sugarcane the treatment with 1 and 1,5% of CaO was able to increase DS, MM and NNE and to reduce NDF, ADF, LIG, CEL and HEM. Addition of CaO essentiality on higher levels was able to reduce acetic acid concentration and to increase propionic, butyric and lactic acid concentrations and to increase N-NH3 and pH. Higher levels of CP were observed for the non additived forage.

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of leptospirosis in dogs and the main risk factors related to disease in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, and analyze the humoral immune response of young dogs with and without defined race against Leptospira interrogans. All samples were subjected to this research Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). To determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins were examined 268 samples of blood serum of apparently healthy dogs from different districts in the county. Was detected 28.36% (76/268) of dogs reagents to serovars Autumnalis (34.21%), Tarassovi (23.58%), Canicola (17.11%) and Grippotyphosa (14.47%). Males were more likely to leptospirosis compared to females. The district east had a greater number of dogs reagents. We also evaluated the relationship between the frequency of dogs reactive serum Leptospira spp. with climatic variables in the municipality, for this, 150 samples were examined, 75 were collected during the dry season (June to November) and 75 in the rainy season (December to May). It was determined a frequency of 38%, with the predominance of serovar Autumnalis (15.79%). We noticed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the occurrence of leptospirosis in dogs, more frequently positive from dogs in the rainy season. The humoral immune response against Leptospira interrogans was analyzed in 26 young dogs, and 17 mixed breed (Group A) and nine mixed breed (Group B) after three immunizations with a commercial vaccine against serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. There was no statistical difference between the agglutinating titers between Groups A and B (p> 0.05), except the harvest II (p <0.05), in which the group B titers to serovar Autumnalis. To assess the efficiency of vaccine culture anti-Leptospira this research to warn the rich infection that dogs are vaccinated annually submitted.

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters in piglets diet upon performance, intestinal histomorfometry, and total IgA and IgG serum levels, in each treatment. The experiment was carried out in commercial pig farm, one-site production, using a hundred weaned castrated males, hybrid piglets, from 21 to 63 days of age, distributed in 4 traits with 5 repetitions: T1 = basal feed + antimicrobial as conventional growth promoter (colistin sulphate, 40 ppm); T2 = basal feed without any growth promoter; T3 = T1 + Bio- MosÒ prebiotic; T4 = T2 + Bio-MosÒ prebiotic. Pieces of intestine were sampled on last day of the trial. There were no differences on performance. The duodenal absorptive mucosa surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic and the use of prebiotic by long term post-weaning enhanced immunostimulation. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 42 days post weaning to measure total IgA and IgG by ELISA test. Fragments of tissue for histomorfometry were collected at slaughter, when piglets were at 63 days of age. It was concluded that there were no differences on nursery piglets performance using prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters; the small intestine absorptive surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic, and when associated to antimicrobial promoter, was able to increase the levels of total serum IgA at 42 days post weaning, while total serum IgG levels were higher in piglets which didn´t receive any growth promoter in this high health challenge pig farm.

Coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of dispersion that enables the comparison, of the same characteristics, between data sets from different studies. The purpose of the study was to establish CV bands which can guide the evaluation of each variable in future experiments. Coefficients of variation were taken from several researches published in Brazil, with emphasis on broilers performance and their most studied characteristics, such as weight gain, feed consumption, feed:weight gain ratio, mortality, viability, body weight and yields of carcass, breast, legs, abdominal fat, wings and back. Based on relations between the median (Md) and pseudosigma (PS), a table was created with suggested intervals for the cited parameters. Larger coefficient of variation intervals were observed for abdominal fat yield. The other variables showed relatively low CV interval bands

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

One performed a more modern approach on such heat stress to find changes out to compact morphometry in spermatozoon head by computational analysis. One aimed in this work to assess how to compact chromatin and sperm morphometry after have risen testicular temperature, by using experimental cryptorchidism in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), as well as used 30 rabbits: wild rabbit, white, adult, located in the rabbit keeping of University of Uberaba, Uberaba (city), MG (State of Minas Gerais), Brazil. One classified the rabbits into two groups of 15. Both groups were anesthetised, but only the experimental cryptorchidism one underwent a surgical operation. One gathered semen samples within a total of 69 days. One both dyed semen smear of all rabbits by using a toluidine blue dye and afterwards analysed it with a digital microcomputer to assess compacting chromatin and sperm morphometry. Chromatin varied regarding compact intensity (Diff%), homogeneity by coefficient of variation (CV) and aberrant chromatin (AbChr). By analysing morphometrically one assessed: area, perimeter (Perim.), width (w.), length (l.), ratio width:length (w./l.), ellipsity (E.), form factor (FF), lateral symmetry (LatSym), antero-posterior symmetry (A-PSym), and Fourier descriptors with amplitude from 0 to 2. Testicular temperature rise swayed the concentration, motility, and vigour adversely. Chromatin structure becomes aberrant when affected by testicular heat stress. And spermatozoon head tends to lessen.

The thymus is a lymphoid organ that starts its development at latter times of embrionary life and graows after birth until the puberty, when it begins to atrophy. It has the function to keep the animals immunoligal ability . The javaporco it s the result of the cross between a boar (Sus scroaf) and a domestic pig, which generates a fertile animal with 2n=37 chromosomes. The descriptive anatomy literature about the arterial patterns of javaporco is scarce. This way, new and wider studies are necessary. Thirty javaporco fetuses were used in the research (males and females), which were gotten in farms at Uberaba-MG countryside. The aim of this work was to study the arteries that are responsible for the upper vascularization of the thymus. A solution of Artecol 50% was injected in the fetuses , and they were fixed in a formol 10% solution, during 72 hours. The arteries emmited to the upper portion of the thymus were dissected and it was verified in both lobes , branches of subclavia, common carotid, cranial thyroid, caudal thyroid, cranial laryngeal, caudal laryngeal, superficial cervical, intern thoracic of the respective lobe. The left lobe was presented braquiocefalic trunk.

The aim of this study was to verify the handling of 160 cows in a slaughterhouse of Triangulo Mineiro MG. The handling was related to the parameters of animal welfare and its effects on the stunning, bleeding and pH 24 hours. It was observed the conduct of animals in the slaughterhouse, since the corrals until stunning boxing, stunning of cattle and, on the bleed rail, the efficiency of stunning and the mensuration of pH of the carcasses 24 hours after slaughter. Slips reached 25, 0% and falls reached 5, 0%. The vocalizations presented 25, 0%. The use of electric prod represented a serious problem in the handling of cattle, with values of 100, 0%. About the parameter with a stunning shot, the data alternated from 32 to 36 animals (80, 0% to 90, 0%), except for one lot, which did not show effectiveness of stunning, because they all received more than one shot, emphasizing a defect in the equipment. Stunned cattle alternated from 32 to 40 animals (77, 5% to 100, 0%). About the criteria to determine the stunning, the reflection of posture correction was the most observed signal. There was no variation (P>0, 05) among the animals in the study to the interval of stunning and bleeding. The time of bleeding alternated (P<0, 05), but in the minimum time recommended, except a lot that had less time. pH means 24 hours in three lots did not alternate (P<0,05), however the values were intermediate, a lot had average values above 6,0. The failures in the handling of animals by the employees, the lack of equipment maintenance and poor supervisions let problems in the animal welfare and changes in the meat.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Aiming to improve the efficiency in obtaining viable embryos in in vitro fertilization procedures, sperm selection and concentration methods are used. However little is known about the action of these methods on the chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry. Likewise the effect of sperm in vitro capacitation on these characteristics is controversial. This study evaluated the effect of sperm selection by Percoll gradient, "swim-up procedure and sperm capacitation in vitro by heparin on chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry of cattle. Eighteen semen samples were subjected to both methods of selection and subsequent capacitation tests. Smears were made at every stage and stained by the metachromasia method induced by toluidine blue (AT). The scanned images were processed in software developed in an SCILAB environment. It was observed that after selection by gradient of Percoll and "swim up" the sperm tend to have looser and more heterogeneous chromatin. The "swim up" method selected heads more symmetrical, smoller and with less size variation when compared to the same semen sample prior to selection. After heparin-induced capacitation the spermatozoa presented looser crhomatin and slight change of the head.

Vascularization, the biometry and the number of thymic lobes were researched in 30 samples of domestic fowl (Gallus galllus). It makes a donation after natural death, from farms in the municipalities of Santa Vitória and Ituiutaba / MG. Were prepared by injection technique of arterial vessels with aqueous solution of latex to 50%, colored, and subsequent fixation in 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. After dissection, were observed cervical thymic lobes, in both sides, willing dorsolateral to the vasculo-nervous beam. It s irrigation was performed by common artery branches of the vagus nerve left and right, ascending cervical cutaneous right and left, right and left cranial thyroid, ascending esophageal right and left, right and left vertebral, left ascending vertebral, right and left common carotid and cutaneous branches right and left. The co-lateral from these arteries varied from 16 to 30 for both antimeres. In the right side, issued from 6 to 18 branches and in opposite side, 5 to 15 branches. The number of thymic lobes ranged from 9 to 15, distributed as follows: the right side had 5 to 8 lobes, whereas the left had 4 to 7. There was diversification of the entry points of the branches in the thymic parenchyma, from the cranial extremity, middle third and caudal extremity.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

CHAPTER II: The development of the skeleton can be better understood through new discoveries, using as reference tissue that is in a dynamic process of formation and resorption. This study used a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, fixed in 10% formol. The specimen s skin, viscera and pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium bone muscles were removed, and the bones were identified, recorded in photographs taken with a digital camera, and described. The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of the skeletal anatomy of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium of C. latirostris resemble those of its ancestors and extend to the other crocodilians, since they exhibit inter- and intraspecific behavioral similarities. CHAPTER III: The parameters of muscle origin and insertion points in the pectoral girdle, estilopodium and zeugopodium of Caiman latirostris were identified using a basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical approach. This identification was made using a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50 m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The specimen was dissected and the muscles of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium were separated individually and identified. This required the removal of the limbs to facilitate the observation of the origins and insertion points of the muscles. In this study, whose nature was observational, isometric postures intercalated with rotary movements were found, as well as a large cross-sectional area in most of the extensor and stabilizer muscles, giving them greater strength and denoting functional and organizational inferences. Muscle activity and structural shapes may serve as indicators for basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical analyses, underpinned by well known concepts widely accepted by the scientific community, as indicated in the references of this research. Based on the findings, which were duly documented, it was possible to recognize and predefine the behavior of the species under investigation, correlating the duration, direction and dimension of the levels of activity. It is believed that muscle activity is associated with the species needs and phylogeny.

Thirty six female mice had been used to study the repairing of cutaneous wounds which was treated with seven minute electric stimulation of 2mA a day, by using the transcutaneuos kinesis stimulator. They had been distributed in three groups of equal number, being subdivided in sub-groups which have been named: controlled (I) and treatment (II). The animals had been submitted to the circular removal of skin of 10,0mm in the dorsal region of the thorax and the wounds had been evaluated in 7th, 14th and 21th days of postoperative (PO). The reduction area of the wounds of the treated sub-group significantly did not surpass the area related to wounds of the controlled subgroup. In the wounds of the controlled group, it was observed innumerable sanguineous vases, intense hemorrhages, intense presence of fibroblasts, moderate of plasmocytes and polymorfonuclears. In the ones of the treated animals dermal and the epidermis met thin with bigger amount of polymorfonuclears. The administration of 2mA, during seven minutes, in cutaneous wound of mice induces the formation of a dermal and thin epidermis. The final aspect of the scar of the wounds of the treated and controlled animals was distinctly similar.

Mestre em Ciências da Veterinárias

The goal of this job was to evaluate the effect of the infusion of Artemisia annua L. plant in culture of Ehrlichia canis in DH82 cells, analyzing the ultra-structural alterations of this treatment against the canonical treatment with Doxycycline, seeking an efficient alternative for animals that cannot be treated with tetracycline and its products, furthermore to present more affordable to the animal owners. In this experiment it was utilized cultures of DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis, evaluated two and twenty four hours after addition of analyzed substance, distributed as follows: Control group, Doxycycline group and Artemisia annua L. group. After treatments the cell cultures were removed from the bottles by means of "trypsinization" and the pellets produced by the centrifugation process, prepared to ultrastructural evaluation by transmission electron microscopy. The evaluation of the material shows that the Artemisia annua L. has anti-ehrlichiose activity; however, the Doxycycline has shown more efficiency than that one, while both drugs showed to be slightly toxic for DH82 cells.