Repositório RCAAP

Acupuncture is a way of treating and causing analgesia by inserting needles into the skin at certain points. Among those methods to stimulate such points, electroacupuncture (EA) distinguishes itself because it causes preemptive analgesia with cardiorespiratory stability and reduces anesthetic dosage. In this regard, the goal of this work was to evaluate anesthetic consumption and cardiorespiratory parameters in 20 female cats pretreated with acepromazine, anesthetized with isoflurane, stimulated in the pre- and transoperative periods with EA, and submitted to elective ovariosalpingohysterectomy. The cats were gathered into two groups: G1 (control) and G2 (electroacupuncture). Once reached the steadystate level, needles were inserted at false points along the G1 cats body, with the electrostimulation device being kept off. Regarding the G2 cats, needles were bilaterally inserted at the points Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34), with electroacupuncture being performed at frequencies of 2 and 100 Hz, in square wave, with alternating current, and intensity ranging from 2 to 3 mA; it begun 30 minutes prior to the surgery and lasted till the end of the latter. In this double-blind study, variables studied were isoflurane consumption, body temperature, respiratory and heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, and mean arterial pressure. Comparatively with the control group, electroacupuncture increased oxyhemoglobin saturation (p<0,05) and reduced mean arterial pressure (p<0,05). There was no relevant difference between G1 and G2 concerning the other variables.

The wild boar (Sus sus scrofa) stands out for being very appreciated by men in cooking, thanks to its quality and low rates of cholesterol. Before the scarce literature about its morphology, it was aimed in this work to report the muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve and subscapulares nerves showing the quantity of branches. There were used 19 animals, originated from the Laboratory of Research in Wild Animals from the Veterinary Medicine College in the Federal University of Uberlândia, concentrated on solution of formol 10%, and after injections of the above-mentioned solution in the carotids arteries , intramuscular and cavities, the muscles of the forelimb were dissected making easy the observation of this innervations. The conclusions were that the suprascapular nerve issued branches to the supraspinal and infraspinal muscles, as the cranial and subscapulares nerves and the tail end, issued branches to the subscapular muscles.

Trachemys dorbignyi and Trachemys scripta elegans are herbivores, but they can also feed on minor quantities of food of animal origin. The speed of digestion of these animals is affected by temperature and diet. Studies of the gastrointestinal transit time are required in order to understand the digestive processes of foods in the animal organism. An evaluation was made of radiographic anatomical aspects and the gastrointestinal transit time of this reptile, which is information required in the clinical treatment of wild animals. The study involved 21 animals, one of which a female was destined for the preparation of an anatomical model to describe the gastrointestinal tract. The other 20 animals, comprising 10 Trachemys dorbignyi (6 males and 4 females) and 10 Trachemys scripta elegans (3 males and 7 females) and weighing on average 1.23 kg, came from the Federal University of Uberlândia s Wild Animal Research Laboratory. The animals were given a 10mL/Kg dose of barium sulfate suspension (Bariogel®) mixed with mineral oil (Nujol®) in a proportion of 70% barium sulfate to 30% oil administered orally. The specimens were then radiographed at predetermined time intervals in the dorsoventral position, with the X-ray machine set at 72 Kv and 200 mA. On average, the stomach became filled ten minutes after administration of the contrast. With regard to the small intestine, it was found that the duodenal region was filled with barium sulfate after 10 minutes, while the cecum took from 24 hours to 2 days to fill up, as did the colon and rectum. Complete emptying of the stomach occurred between radiographic exposure 3 (equivalent to 6 hours) and 4 (equivalent to 12 hours). Elimination of the radiographic contrast material by the small intestine occurred between the 1st and 5th day, while emptying of the colon/rectum occurred between the 2nd and 11th day. Total elimination of the contrast took on average 6.26 days, with a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 11 days.

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The objectives were: to determine the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp; monitor the prevalence of Leptospira spp. within 10 months and assess the profile of agglutinins induced seroconversion of two multi-purpose bacterins in sheep flock with reported reproductive losses in Uberlândia, MG. We collected blood samples from 98 sheep. The samples were tested against the ELISA for Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii and the method of microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for Leptospira spp. After ten months was held a second crop of 101 sheep, serum samples were subjected to SAM to monitor the prevalence of Leptospira spp. the herd. Fifty nine animals were divided into six experimental groups: positive for the SAM immunized with commercial vaccine (group I) and autologous (group III), and negative immunized with commercial vaccine (group II) and autologous (group IV), and a group of positive animal for SAM not vaccinated (V) and negative sheep for the SAM unvaccinated (group VI). The levels of agglutinins were evaluated and the antibody titers achieved in series of dilutions in the ratio of two (1:100, 1:200, 1:400, 1:800, 1:1600, 1:3200). Considerable prevalence of 30.6%, 63.3% and 23.46% for N. caninum, T. gondii and Leptospira spp., respectively, was attested. The greater prevalence of Leptospira spp. occurred at the time of onset of reproductive bouts (23%) tend to fall ten months after the first harvest (13.86%). The vaccine response obtained was heterogeneous in the proportion of reacting animals and levels of agglutinating antibodies against the serovars included in the formulation of vaccines. Titers achieved were for Harjo and Wollf at dilutions of 1:200. The range of best seroconversion occurred between 30 and 120 days after vaccination cousin.

Based on current progress of the anesthetic techniques, it is necessary to experiment with new local anesthetics. Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine are recent formulations of long duration, the amide group, which have lower toxicity that bupivacaine. The thoracic epidural anesthesia is still little explored in Veterinary Medicine today. The purpose of this study was to compare these two local anesthetics in the lumbar-thoracic epidural anesthesia. Study standardized, blind, was performed in 16 dogs, subjected to epidural anesthesia through epidural catheter placed near the T13-L1, into two groups (n = 8), treated with ropivacaine 0.5% (GR) or levobupivacaine 0.5%(GL) both at dose 2mg/kg. We evaluated the heart rate (HR) and respiratory (f), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP), motor and sensory latency period, duration of sensory and motor block, cranial and caudal extension of the blockade, as well as assess side effects. Both groups had similar clinical profiles inside from the standards physiology except by reduction on arterial pressure. The GL showed higher motor block (477.5±65.2) minutes compared to GR (271.3±97.17) minutos. Both treatments promoted excellent analgesia dermatomes evaluated in all regions of thoracic and lumbar.

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Ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites and are thus infectious disease vectors for both humans and animals. To understand the epidemiology of tick-borne infectious diseases it is essential to know the life cycle of ticks. Amblyomma parvum is a Neotropical tick and its life cycle is poorly understood. In this work the biology of A. parvum is described when fed on several potential and domestic hosts (chicken, dog, rabbit, horse, guinea pig, cattle and goat). The complete life cycle of the tick varied from 97 to 102 days. Highest engorgement weight of larvae was obtained of ticks fed on horses and nymphs on guinea pigs. Highest larval yield were obtained from guinea pigs and that of nymphs from horses. Mean molting rate varied from 58,4% in goats to 100% in dogs. Engorged female and egg mass weights, yield and conversion of female weight to eggs rates were superior in dog ticks and lowest in goat ticks. The highest egg hatching rate was seen in ticks from dogs (100%) and the lowest in ticks from cattle (48,3%). Overall it was seen that dogs were the best host for adult A. parvum ticks, and guinea pigs for immatures. Horses were also shown to be a good host for all tick stages. It can thus be affirmed that A. parvum is a host generalist tick, and its distribution is probably much more restricted by environmental requirements than by hosts.

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of age of Dekalb White hens in the composition of the shell and internal contents of eggs for human consumption. We studied two samples of 40 eggs each in 10 different ages (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and 70 weeks) in the same batch of chickens. The sample A was formed with average weights of eggs and growing certain second line of table and sample B was formed with average weights of eggs set. It was analyzed each component of egg characteristic physical and chemical. From this it was possible to observe that the specific gravity decreased with increasing age of the bird, showing relation of this variable with age of the chicken and not with the size of the egg. The percentage and shell thickness were inversely proportional to the age of the chicken and there was no direct correlation with the weight of the egg. The mineral deposition in the bark was concluded that allowing the deposition of the mineral shell is proportional to the size of the egg. The percentage of calcium and phosphorus decreased in direct ratio of the increase of age in the two samples. The albumen weight increased in A and decreased in B, showing respect to the size of the egg. The percentage of moisture of albumen increased with increasing age of the chicken and showed no relation with the weight of the egg. The percentage of protein of the albumen was constant throughout the ages studied and between samples, showing relationship with the weight of the egg. The pH of the albumen increased in direct ratio to age of hen. Weight and percentage of egg yolk increased with increasing age of hen. The percentage of moisture from the yolk decreased as the age of the hen increased. At the end of this study, we observed that the age of the chicken light, therefore, influenced the specific gravity, percentage, thickness, pore number, percentage of calcium and phosphorus in the shell; moisture and albumen pH, weight, percentage, moisture , protein, fat and mineral content of the yolk.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effects of different levels (0; 1; 1,5 and 2%) of calcium oxide (CaO) and different hydrolysis time (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) on the fresh and ensiled sugarcane bromatological composition and on its fermentative perfile. The present work was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design with three replicates per treatment and variance analyses was made with Sisvar program (Tukey Test at 5% of significance). Amounts of sugarcane (IAC 86-2480) were treated with 0; 1; 1,5 and 2% of CaO and samples were collected of each treatment after 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of CaO addition. Part of treated sugarcane was ensiled in experimental silos which were opened 30 days later. The following variables were analyzed: dry mater (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), liginin (LIG), etereo extract (EE), mineral material (MM), not nitrogen extract (NNE), phosphor (P), calcium (Ca), cellulose ( CEL), hemicellulose (HEM), total digestive nutrients (TDN), volatile fatty acid (VFA), lactate, amoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3) and pH. To fresh sugarcane the treatment with 1% of CaO was able to reduce CF, ADF and NDF and to increase MM, Ca and P, on time 0. After 6 h of hydrolysis with 1; 1,5 or 2% of CaO LIG was reduced and after 24h DM was increased and CEL and HEM were reduced. To ensiled sugarcane the treatment with 1 and 1,5% of CaO was able to increase DS, MM and NNE and to reduce NDF, ADF, LIG, CEL and HEM. Addition of CaO essentiality on higher levels was able to reduce acetic acid concentration and to increase propionic, butyric and lactic acid concentrations and to increase N-NH3 and pH. Higher levels of CP were observed for the non additived forage.

The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of leptospirosis in dogs and the main risk factors related to disease in the city of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, and analyze the humoral immune response of young dogs with and without defined race against Leptospira interrogans. All samples were subjected to this research Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). To determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins were examined 268 samples of blood serum of apparently healthy dogs from different districts in the county. Was detected 28.36% (76/268) of dogs reagents to serovars Autumnalis (34.21%), Tarassovi (23.58%), Canicola (17.11%) and Grippotyphosa (14.47%). Males were more likely to leptospirosis compared to females. The district east had a greater number of dogs reagents. We also evaluated the relationship between the frequency of dogs reactive serum Leptospira spp. with climatic variables in the municipality, for this, 150 samples were examined, 75 were collected during the dry season (June to November) and 75 in the rainy season (December to May). It was determined a frequency of 38%, with the predominance of serovar Autumnalis (15.79%). We noticed a significant difference (p <0.05) in the occurrence of leptospirosis in dogs, more frequently positive from dogs in the rainy season. The humoral immune response against Leptospira interrogans was analyzed in 26 young dogs, and 17 mixed breed (Group A) and nine mixed breed (Group B) after three immunizations with a commercial vaccine against serovars Canicola, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Pomona. There was no statistical difference between the agglutinating titers between Groups A and B (p> 0.05), except the harvest II (p <0.05), in which the group B titers to serovar Autumnalis. To assess the efficiency of vaccine culture anti-Leptospira this research to warn the rich infection that dogs are vaccinated annually submitted.

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters in piglets diet upon performance, intestinal histomorfometry, and total IgA and IgG serum levels, in each treatment. The experiment was carried out in commercial pig farm, one-site production, using a hundred weaned castrated males, hybrid piglets, from 21 to 63 days of age, distributed in 4 traits with 5 repetitions: T1 = basal feed + antimicrobial as conventional growth promoter (colistin sulphate, 40 ppm); T2 = basal feed without any growth promoter; T3 = T1 + Bio- MosÒ prebiotic; T4 = T2 + Bio-MosÒ prebiotic. Pieces of intestine were sampled on last day of the trial. There were no differences on performance. The duodenal absorptive mucosa surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic and the use of prebiotic by long term post-weaning enhanced immunostimulation. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14 and 42 days post weaning to measure total IgA and IgG by ELISA test. Fragments of tissue for histomorfometry were collected at slaughter, when piglets were at 63 days of age. It was concluded that there were no differences on nursery piglets performance using prebiotic, antimicrobial, or association of both promoters; the small intestine absorptive surface was higher in piglets treated with prebiotic, and when associated to antimicrobial promoter, was able to increase the levels of total serum IgA at 42 days post weaning, while total serum IgG levels were higher in piglets which didn´t receive any growth promoter in this high health challenge pig farm.

Coefficient of variation (CV) is a measure of dispersion that enables the comparison, of the same characteristics, between data sets from different studies. The purpose of the study was to establish CV bands which can guide the evaluation of each variable in future experiments. Coefficients of variation were taken from several researches published in Brazil, with emphasis on broilers performance and their most studied characteristics, such as weight gain, feed consumption, feed:weight gain ratio, mortality, viability, body weight and yields of carcass, breast, legs, abdominal fat, wings and back. Based on relations between the median (Md) and pseudosigma (PS), a table was created with suggested intervals for the cited parameters. Larger coefficient of variation intervals were observed for abdominal fat yield. The other variables showed relatively low CV interval bands

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One performed a more modern approach on such heat stress to find changes out to compact morphometry in spermatozoon head by computational analysis. One aimed in this work to assess how to compact chromatin and sperm morphometry after have risen testicular temperature, by using experimental cryptorchidism in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), as well as used 30 rabbits: wild rabbit, white, adult, located in the rabbit keeping of University of Uberaba, Uberaba (city), MG (State of Minas Gerais), Brazil. One classified the rabbits into two groups of 15. Both groups were anesthetised, but only the experimental cryptorchidism one underwent a surgical operation. One gathered semen samples within a total of 69 days. One both dyed semen smear of all rabbits by using a toluidine blue dye and afterwards analysed it with a digital microcomputer to assess compacting chromatin and sperm morphometry. Chromatin varied regarding compact intensity (Diff%), homogeneity by coefficient of variation (CV) and aberrant chromatin (AbChr). By analysing morphometrically one assessed: area, perimeter (Perim.), width (w.), length (l.), ratio width:length (w./l.), ellipsity (E.), form factor (FF), lateral symmetry (LatSym), antero-posterior symmetry (A-PSym), and Fourier descriptors with amplitude from 0 to 2. Testicular temperature rise swayed the concentration, motility, and vigour adversely. Chromatin structure becomes aberrant when affected by testicular heat stress. And spermatozoon head tends to lessen.

The thymus is a lymphoid organ that starts its development at latter times of embrionary life and graows after birth until the puberty, when it begins to atrophy. It has the function to keep the animals immunoligal ability . The javaporco it s the result of the cross between a boar (Sus scroaf) and a domestic pig, which generates a fertile animal with 2n=37 chromosomes. The descriptive anatomy literature about the arterial patterns of javaporco is scarce. This way, new and wider studies are necessary. Thirty javaporco fetuses were used in the research (males and females), which were gotten in farms at Uberaba-MG countryside. The aim of this work was to study the arteries that are responsible for the upper vascularization of the thymus. A solution of Artecol 50% was injected in the fetuses , and they were fixed in a formol 10% solution, during 72 hours. The arteries emmited to the upper portion of the thymus were dissected and it was verified in both lobes , branches of subclavia, common carotid, cranial thyroid, caudal thyroid, cranial laryngeal, caudal laryngeal, superficial cervical, intern thoracic of the respective lobe. The left lobe was presented braquiocefalic trunk.

The aim of this study was to verify the handling of 160 cows in a slaughterhouse of Triangulo Mineiro MG. The handling was related to the parameters of animal welfare and its effects on the stunning, bleeding and pH 24 hours. It was observed the conduct of animals in the slaughterhouse, since the corrals until stunning boxing, stunning of cattle and, on the bleed rail, the efficiency of stunning and the mensuration of pH of the carcasses 24 hours after slaughter. Slips reached 25, 0% and falls reached 5, 0%. The vocalizations presented 25, 0%. The use of electric prod represented a serious problem in the handling of cattle, with values of 100, 0%. About the parameter with a stunning shot, the data alternated from 32 to 36 animals (80, 0% to 90, 0%), except for one lot, which did not show effectiveness of stunning, because they all received more than one shot, emphasizing a defect in the equipment. Stunned cattle alternated from 32 to 40 animals (77, 5% to 100, 0%). About the criteria to determine the stunning, the reflection of posture correction was the most observed signal. There was no variation (P>0, 05) among the animals in the study to the interval of stunning and bleeding. The time of bleeding alternated (P<0, 05), but in the minimum time recommended, except a lot that had less time. pH means 24 hours in three lots did not alternate (P<0,05), however the values were intermediate, a lot had average values above 6,0. The failures in the handling of animals by the employees, the lack of equipment maintenance and poor supervisions let problems in the animal welfare and changes in the meat.

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