Repositório RCAAP

Aiming to improve the efficiency in obtaining viable embryos in in vitro fertilization procedures, sperm selection and concentration methods are used. However little is known about the action of these methods on the chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry. Likewise the effect of sperm in vitro capacitation on these characteristics is controversial. This study evaluated the effect of sperm selection by Percoll gradient, "swim-up procedure and sperm capacitation in vitro by heparin on chromatin condensation and sperm head morphometry of cattle. Eighteen semen samples were subjected to both methods of selection and subsequent capacitation tests. Smears were made at every stage and stained by the metachromasia method induced by toluidine blue (AT). The scanned images were processed in software developed in an SCILAB environment. It was observed that after selection by gradient of Percoll and "swim up" the sperm tend to have looser and more heterogeneous chromatin. The "swim up" method selected heads more symmetrical, smoller and with less size variation when compared to the same semen sample prior to selection. After heparin-induced capacitation the spermatozoa presented looser crhomatin and slight change of the head.

Vascularization, the biometry and the number of thymic lobes were researched in 30 samples of domestic fowl (Gallus galllus). It makes a donation after natural death, from farms in the municipalities of Santa Vitória and Ituiutaba / MG. Were prepared by injection technique of arterial vessels with aqueous solution of latex to 50%, colored, and subsequent fixation in 10% aqueous solution of formaldehyde. After dissection, were observed cervical thymic lobes, in both sides, willing dorsolateral to the vasculo-nervous beam. It s irrigation was performed by common artery branches of the vagus nerve left and right, ascending cervical cutaneous right and left, right and left cranial thyroid, ascending esophageal right and left, right and left vertebral, left ascending vertebral, right and left common carotid and cutaneous branches right and left. The co-lateral from these arteries varied from 16 to 30 for both antimeres. In the right side, issued from 6 to 18 branches and in opposite side, 5 to 15 branches. The number of thymic lobes ranged from 9 to 15, distributed as follows: the right side had 5 to 8 lobes, whereas the left had 4 to 7. There was diversification of the entry points of the branches in the thymic parenchyma, from the cranial extremity, middle third and caudal extremity.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

CHAPTER II: The development of the skeleton can be better understood through new discoveries, using as reference tissue that is in a dynamic process of formation and resorption. This study used a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia, fixed in 10% formol. The specimen s skin, viscera and pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium bone muscles were removed, and the bones were identified, recorded in photographs taken with a digital camera, and described. The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of the skeletal anatomy of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium of C. latirostris resemble those of its ancestors and extend to the other crocodilians, since they exhibit inter- and intraspecific behavioral similarities. CHAPTER III: The parameters of muscle origin and insertion points in the pectoral girdle, estilopodium and zeugopodium of Caiman latirostris were identified using a basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical approach. This identification was made using a young adult male specimen of C. latirostris, 1.50 m in length, belonging to the collection of the Wild Animal Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The specimen was dissected and the muscles of the pectoral girdle, stylopodium and zeugopodium were separated individually and identified. This required the removal of the limbs to facilitate the observation of the origins and insertion points of the muscles. In this study, whose nature was observational, isometric postures intercalated with rotary movements were found, as well as a large cross-sectional area in most of the extensor and stabilizer muscles, giving them greater strength and denoting functional and organizational inferences. Muscle activity and structural shapes may serve as indicators for basic anatomical, kinesiological and biomechanical analyses, underpinned by well known concepts widely accepted by the scientific community, as indicated in the references of this research. Based on the findings, which were duly documented, it was possible to recognize and predefine the behavior of the species under investigation, correlating the duration, direction and dimension of the levels of activity. It is believed that muscle activity is associated with the species needs and phylogeny.

Thirty six female mice had been used to study the repairing of cutaneous wounds which was treated with seven minute electric stimulation of 2mA a day, by using the transcutaneuos kinesis stimulator. They had been distributed in three groups of equal number, being subdivided in sub-groups which have been named: controlled (I) and treatment (II). The animals had been submitted to the circular removal of skin of 10,0mm in the dorsal region of the thorax and the wounds had been evaluated in 7th, 14th and 21th days of postoperative (PO). The reduction area of the wounds of the treated sub-group significantly did not surpass the area related to wounds of the controlled subgroup. In the wounds of the controlled group, it was observed innumerable sanguineous vases, intense hemorrhages, intense presence of fibroblasts, moderate of plasmocytes and polymorfonuclears. In the ones of the treated animals dermal and the epidermis met thin with bigger amount of polymorfonuclears. The administration of 2mA, during seven minutes, in cutaneous wound of mice induces the formation of a dermal and thin epidermis. The final aspect of the scar of the wounds of the treated and controlled animals was distinctly similar.

Mestre em Ciências da Veterinárias

The goal of this job was to evaluate the effect of the infusion of Artemisia annua L. plant in culture of Ehrlichia canis in DH82 cells, analyzing the ultra-structural alterations of this treatment against the canonical treatment with Doxycycline, seeking an efficient alternative for animals that cannot be treated with tetracycline and its products, furthermore to present more affordable to the animal owners. In this experiment it was utilized cultures of DH82 cells infected with Ehrlichia canis, evaluated two and twenty four hours after addition of analyzed substance, distributed as follows: Control group, Doxycycline group and Artemisia annua L. group. After treatments the cell cultures were removed from the bottles by means of "trypsinization" and the pellets produced by the centrifugation process, prepared to ultrastructural evaluation by transmission electron microscopy. The evaluation of the material shows that the Artemisia annua L. has anti-ehrlichiose activity; however, the Doxycycline has shown more efficiency than that one, while both drugs showed to be slightly toxic for DH82 cells.

We studied the arteries leading to the thyroid glands, addressing their number, origin and organization in 30 ostriches (Struthio camelus) with up to 30 days of age in both sexes. The birds were injected with Neoprene latex 450 colored and fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. The thyroid glands were presented as an organ pair, pale reddish brown, oval-shaped ends, some being elongated in the craniocaudal direction and flattened dorsoventrally. Located on the edge of the cranial cavity celomatic, manteined syntopy with the vagus nerve, jugular vein and common carotid artery. The thyroid glands were collateral arteries: common carotid, ascending esophageal, tracheal ascending, subclavian, and common esophageal tracheal vagus nerve. The number of vessels ranged from one to five, and were called thyroid, cranial artery, middle cranial, middle, middle caudal and caudal at both antimeres. The vessels were present in the side right in 28 (93,3%) cases as cranial thyroid, nine (30%) as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, nine (30%) as middle caudal and 28 (93,3%) as caudal. And on the left side in 27 (90%) cases as cranial thyroid, six as middle cranial, 12 (40%) as middle, six (20%) as middle caudal and 27 (90%) as caudal. The thyroid artery was observed in two (6,6%) cases in side right and three (10%) on the left side.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the macroscopy, the morphology of healing process and to quantify collagen fibers in the site of the cicatricial repair of the tendon of the lateral womb of the gastrocnemius muscle in rabbits, after tenotomy and tenorrhaphy, submitted to transcutaneous electrical stimulation with alternating current. Twenty-four male rabbits, of the New Zealand race, were used and divided into four groups of the same number, in order to evaluate the cicatricial repair of the tendon at 7, 15, 21 and 30 days post-surgery. In each animal a longitudinal incision of 3 centimeters of skin and subcutaneous was accomplished in the lateral face of the tibia nearly the calcaneos bone, the tendon of the lateral gastrocnemios muscle was separated, sectioned and submitted to a synthesis with Kessler modified suture. Soon afterwards the adjacent tissues were approximated and the skin sutured in the separated simple standard. After 24 hours, daily at the same schedule, were done near the cutaneous wound of the right pelvic member, applications of 2 mA of alternative current, during six minutes, at a frequency of 100 Hz. The material collected was examined by macroscopy and light microscopy. Significant difference wasn´t found between the treaty tendon and the control. The Kinesis electrical stimulator, utilized in the transcutaneous electrical stimulation with 2 mA of alternative current, for six minutes daily, is unable to promote better healing, neither increase in the percentage of the collagen fibers in the site of the cicatricial repair of the tendon of the lateral womb of the gastrocnemius muscle in rabbits of the New Zealand race.

This work investigate the disposal of openings ureters, urethra, oviducts of the female, and of the deferens ducts in the males, and the arrangement of the cloaca compartment in some species of the Podocnemididae and Chelidae family. The anatomic cloaca s study has three compartments: copordeum, urodeum and proctodeum. The cloaca has one urinary bladder and two cloacal bladders. In the studies species of genus Podocnemis and Geochelone genus there is a fold that separates coprodeum from urodeum. This fold isn t exists in the Chelidae family, used in this work. In P. expansa, P. unifilis and Chelus fimbriatus, urethra inserts cranioventrally in urodeum, but in Phynops geoffroanus, urethra is connecting with urodeum in vertical and ventral position. In the males of Podocnemis, the deferens ducts arrive caudally by a wall papilla and to the ureters openings. In the males of P. geoffroanus and C. fimbriatus and Podochemis female the oviducts and ureters confide in one urogenital sinus. In the females of P. geoffroanus and of C. fimbriatus, during the period of rounted-contourns reproductions training, the oviducts are projected to the urodeum and form a pair of papilla; each papilla possess a ventral opening. The proctodeum have a ventral fissure to communicate itself with urodeu. The opening of the coprodeu in the proctodeu, except in Chelidae, is an ofirice in fold s ventral parts that separate the two compartments.

Studied, the origin and distribution of the sciatic nerve in 31 pig fetuses line Pen Ar Lan, 22 males and nine females, after being fixed in aqueous 10% formaldehyde. In these animals the lumbar vertebrae ranged from five to seven with a predominance of six, which have contributed to variations in the origin of that nerve. The sciatic nerve originated in antimeres 80.64% of the ventral branch of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve (L5) at 96.77 % of (L6),at 6.45% of (L7) in 100% of (S1) and 64.51% of (S2), The composition of the related nerve occurred in 45,16% of the animals for the union of L5, L6, S1 and S2, in 32.25% of L6, L5 and S1, in 12 90% of L6, S1 and S2, in 6.45% of L6, L7 and S1 and 3.22% L5, S1 and S2. There was symmetrical at the root in all specimens. This nerve gave branches to the glúteal muscles superficial, semitendinosus , semimembranosus and biceps femoris in all specimens, lesser frequency, to the twins muscles, quadratus femoris, adductors, gluteal medium, attachment, and deep. In 74.19% of the sample, there was a communicating branch with the pudendal nerve. No significant differences were found between the frequency of branches emitted to the muscles of both male and female antimeres.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Non-human primates have constituted an important group among animals subjected to various studies, such as ethological and paleontological studies who have revealed changes in anatomical structures linked to the evolution of primates and the detailed knowledge on their anatomy may represent an important factor for their preservation and protection. Aimed to identify the distribution of the femoral, saphenous, obturator and sciatic nerve of the pelvic limb of Cebus libidinosus (C.l.). In general, the enervation model of the four primates, men, baboons, chimpanzees and C.l. is identical, but in specific terms, the differences in enervations indicate evolution divergence closer to the branch of baboons in the evolutionary tree, and these data corroborate other comparative studies in relation to the same primates to vessels, muscles and nerves. In conclusion, the sciatic nerve sends branches to the biceps femoris muscle, semitendinous, semimebranosus and accessory and to the ischiofemoral muscle, in the distal third, this nerve is divided into tibial, sural cutaneous medial and common fibular nerves; the femoral nerve sends branches to the sartorius muscle, vastus intermedius muscle, vastus medialis muscle, to the vastus lateralis muscle and branches to the rectus femoris muscle and sends the saphenous nerve. The obturator nerve provides branches to the pectineus muscles, adductor brevis muscles, adductor magnus muscles, adductor longus muscle and glacilis muscle.

The productive and reproductive performances were evaluated on Nelore cows supplemented with minerals and vitamins parenteral via. One hundred and twenty cows were randomly allotted into five treatment groups. Treatment one was the control group which did not receive any medication; to group two 479 mg of copper + 3 mg of cobalt was applied; group three received 3.45 g of phosphorus + 750000 IU of D2 vitamin + 0.42 g calcium; to group four 5000 IU of E vitamin + 1200000 of IU D2 vitamin + 0.075 g of selenium + 7 g phosphorus were administered and group five was an association of treatment groups two and three. The animals received a dose of these injectable minerals and vitamins thirty days prior to the breeding season and another thirty days after the first application. The reproductive evaluation and weighing were carried out monthly from October 15, 2004 to March 15, 2005 in the town of Douradoquara, Minas Gerais State. The weight gain and the score of body condition were analyzed through Kruskal Wallis test, and the ovarian condition and pregnancy rate through the Chi-square test. It was observed that the parenteral supplementation of minerals and vitamins did not influence the weight gain, the score body condition, the ovarian condition or the pregnancy rate of Nelore cows grazing native pasture.

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária

The exploration of ostriches is aimed at marketing the meat, feathers, leather and fat. Closely related to productivity is the digestive system, and among the major vessels responsible for nutrition is the celiac artery that was studied the origin and distribution. In 30 specimens, the left isquiatic artery was cannulated for injection of a marker of blood vessels then were fixed in formalin solution 10% by deep intramuscular applications, subcutaneous and intracavitary. We concluded that it originated from the descending aorta, its first branch ventral and headed for the right antímero in its path sends branches to: esophagus, proventriculus, ventricle, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, duodenum, ileum, cecum left and right.