Repositório RCAAP

This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of retained placenta (RP) and the influence of this disease on productive and reproductive efficiency of Holstein dairy cows. The presence of RP were considered as non elimination of placenta until 12 hours after fetal expulsion. The data of parity, occurrence of RP, calving to conception interval and milk production were collected from a commercial farm and subsequently analyzed by logistic regression and analysis of variance at SAS program. The incidence of RP was 13.75% (40/291). The incidence of RP was not affected by parity order nor the season of the last calving, and these variables did not affect the milk production adjusted to 305 days of lactation. The parity, season of calving and the occurrence of RP significantly influenced the duration of calving to conception interval, the duration of this interval was greater for females with three or more lactations, for females with RP and for females that have calved during the summer. The RP does not affect milk production, but it has a deleterious effect on reproductive performance of Holstein cows.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the use of phytase exoenzyme and other mineral sources on the bioavailability of phosphorus , increased dietary energy and nutrient digestibility . The treatments were : sorghum with inorganic phosphate ( SFB ) , maize with inorganic phosphate ( MFB ) , sorghum meal, meat and bone meal ( SFco ) , sorghum with phytase ( SFV ) and without energy recovery and amino acids ( SFNV ) . 1400 birds were for performance reviews , which were determined feed intake , body weight , feed conversion real and traditional and viability . For the analysis of digestibility at 15 days were used 80 birds , which were subjected to total collection , now for carcass composition and mineralization of tibia were used 6 birds per treatment , where we proceeded to determine the dry matter , crude protein , ether extract , ash , gross energy housing , and calcium and phosphorus of tibia and carcass. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test at 5 % and viability Kruskal-Wallis test . There were no statistical differences in performance at 7 days of age and only 14 live weight was lower for the MFB , however at 42 days , body weight was greater for the SFB compared to the MFB . Digestibility at 15 days there was no statistical difference. For carcass composition, the SFV showed higher percentage of ether extract. The percentage of calcium MFB FCS and were lower compared with the SFNV and equal to SFco and SFV , and the phosphorus content of the SFV and SFNV showed higher values. The exogenous phytase enzyme is able to hydrolyze phytate and release phosphorus from vegetable source for assimilation by animals , thus acting as a substitute for vegetable sources of phosphorus.

This research evaluates the occurrence of Escherichia coli in the uterine contents and urine of healthy and pyometra female dogs. At the isolate was determined the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance and genetic proximity. The results were associated with histopathological changes and observed the relationship between uterine infections and urinary tract by the agent. Of the 87 samples, the results show bacterial growth in 46/87 (52.9%), 36/52 (69.2%) from the uterine contents and 10/35 (28.6%) of urine. Positivity was observed for E. coli 25/36 (69.4%) uterus samples with pyometra and 7/10 (70.0%) urine s samples. For the healthy female dogs was observed a growth of micro-organisms in 28/49 (57.1%) samples, but no one has been identified as E. coli, what means that agent was associated with sick animals. There was 100% sensitivity to ceftiofur, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and cefoxitin and erythromycin resistance (100%), ampicillin (34.4%) and sulfonamide (25.0%). The isolate of E. coli showed a large number of virulence genes studied: 31/32 (96.9%) had the gene sfa, 19/32 (59.4%) afa, 15/32 (46.9%) pap, 17/32 (53.1%) and hly 22/32 (68.75%) cnf. Histopathological analysis found that 6/22 (27.3%) animals showed grade I in the classification, 9/22 (40.9%) grade II, and 7/22 (31.8%) grade III, being that, there was an interconnection between greater inflammatory response and highest number of virulence genes. The genetic similarity analysis showed high phylogenetic diversity in E. coli, but found that the strains isolated from the same animal had the similar genotype, as soon as cystitis and pyometra showed a direct relationship. The study demonstrates the importance of E. coli in pyometras female dogs and the presence of phenotypic and genotypic active in disease pathogenesis.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the structural characteristics of tillers in Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu under two sward heights (15 and 30 cm) and four nitrogen rates (control, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) at the beginning of the deferral period. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications and 4 x 2 factorial design. There was a linear increase in the number of vegetative tillers on the deferred pasture with 15 cm, with nitrogen fertilization. The length of the stem and the leaf blades in vegetative and reproductive tillers increased linearly with nitrogen in the deferred pastures with initial height of 15 and 30 cm. The weight of vegetative tillers was greater in the deferred pasture with 30 cm, compared to that of 15 cm, when pasture was fertilized with 0 and 40 kg/ha N. Nitrogen fertilization influenced positively and linearly the weight of vegetative tillers in deferred pastures with 15 and 30 cm, as well as the weight of reproductive tillers in deferred pastures with 30 cm. There was no effect of nitrogen fertilization on the live leaf blade:live stem ratio on either sward heights. The recommended management for the Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pasture is 15 cm at the beginning of the deferral period. This pasture can be fertilized with variable nitrogen rates at the beginning of the deferral period, but doses above 80 kg/ha of N are not recommended.

This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of parasitological testing when using aspirates or imprints of spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow in function of time and correlate the parasite load of dogs with clinical symptoms. We used 31 seropositive dogs that were euthanized from the CCZ of Uberlândia. In the UFU s Laboratory of Pathology, the blades were fabricated and evaluated under a light microscope, 100X objective. The slides were evaluated for at most one hour and, if it was positive, the time spent for diagnosis in one, five, 20, 30 and 60 minutes were recorded. In the determination of the parasite load, the amastigotes were displayed and grouped in one, 10, 50, 100, and 500, 1000 and even 1500 views in 100 fields. Among the 31 animals analyzed, 11 (35.48%) were symptomatic, 17 (54.83%) oligosymptomatic and three (9.67%) asymptomatic. In the analysis by PAAF, difference was read of 20 minutes with one minute (p = 0.001), and the test sensitivity with time was greater at 60 minutes than at 20 minutes (p = 0.04). In the analysis of imprint, the test sensitivity was higher with time at 20 minutes than at five (p = 0.03). There was no statistical difference between the two techniques used in collecting samples for each tissue (bone marrow p = 1.0, p = 0.76 lymph nodes, spleen p = 0.57). There was no difference between tissues in the sensitivity of diagnoses made by PAAF, as well as imprint. The worm burden of both techniques demonstrated that asymptomatic animals have lower parasite load than in relation to symptomatic.

It was used 36 adult healthy dogs with no history of eye diseases, Shih-tzu, Maltese and Spitz breed (n = 12). The animals were subjected to tonometry applanation with Tonopen Vet over a 12 hours period to obtain the average values of the intraocular pressure IOP and verify the existence of circadian rhythm. It was Instilled a drop of anesthetic eye drops in each eye ten seconds before the IOP measurement and the bitches were physically contained in the sitting position, by the same examiner. The Shih-Tzu breed presented an intraocular pressure average of 16.19 mmHg in the right eye and 15.67 mmHg in the left eye, the Spitz breed presented 16.25 mmHg in the right eye and16.33 mmHg in the left eye, and finally the Maltese breed presented 13.0 mmHg in the right eye and 12.64 mmHg in the left eye. No one of the breed dogs was observed circadian variation of intraocular pressure in the 12 hours period.

The specie Tapirus terrestris, or Brazilian tapir, is a mammal of the order Perissodactyla, which there are few studies related to its adaptive characteristics . The study aimed to analyze the adaptive characteristics of the thigh , leg and foot of Tapirus terrestris . We used five copies of T. terrestris (Linnaeus , 1978), fixed in 10% formaldehyde . For the osteological analysis specimens were radiographed and bones were macerated, identified and analyzed . For the muscular analysis, muscles were dissected according to the usual techniques in gross anatomy , identified and analyzed . The tapir is a cursorial because of its developed calcaneus with three-digit located in the hind limb, which makes it easier to be accelerated or stopped. The tapirs feet have been adapted to perform movements in a closed place. It has a specific character of locomotion and reduced mass in members. The tapirs locomotor system presents morphological characteristics for cursorial locomotion adapted to forest environments that can be adaptive characters , and should be considered variations or responses to the environment.

CHAPTER II: Tapirus terrestris (Linneaus, 1758) is a mammal found in South America and in almost all Brazilian biomes. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of bone and muscle of the scapular cingulum and arm of Tapirus terrestris and compare it with other species of mammals, especially equines. We used four animals donated to the Laboratory of Education and Research of Wild Animals of the Federal University of Uberlândia, after their death with no trauma. The bones were carefully analyzed, described and the muscles were dissected, analyzed and described in accordance with the usual techniques of gross anatomy. The skeleton of the scapular cingulum and arm of Tapirus terrestris is formed by scapula and humerus bones, the lateral muscles of the scapula are subclavian m., deltoid m. supraspinatus m. and infraspinatus, teres minor m., subscapularis m., teres major m., coracobrachialis m., shoulder joint m., biceps brachii m., brachial m. triceps, forearm tensor fasciae m., anconeus m. The muscular and bone standard found is similar to the horse (Equus caballus) and to other wild and domestic animals, as raccoon, ruminants, deer, among others. CHAPTER III: Currently the Brazilian tapir is the only native representative of the order Perissodactyla in Brazil, and is also the largest land mammal. T. terrestris belongs to the order of Perissodactyla as horses too. This study aimed to describe the bone and muscular anatomy of the forearm and hand in Tapirus terrestris and also compare with other mammalian species. We used five anatomical specimens donated from a breeder to the Laboratory for Teaching and Research on Wild Animals of the Federal University of Uberlândia after death with no trauma. The bones were analyzed, the muscles dissected, and both described. The bones forming the skeleton of the forearm and hand of tapir are the ulna, radius, metacarpals, carpals, phalanges and sesamoid. The muscles are extensor carpi radialis m., ulnar side m., flexor carpi radialis m., extensor radialis common m., extensor digitorum longus II, III, IV and V, lateral digital extensor m., long abductor m., superficial digital flexor m., digital flexor m., flexor carpi ulnaris m., flexor carpal oblique m., and interosseous m. and lumbricals m. CHAPTER IV: Tapirus terrestris is one of the largest mammals of the Americas, it is distributed from south of Brazil and Argentina, to the north of the South American continent. This study aimed to trace a brief history of the Tapirus animals emergence using a literature review and presents environmental and morphological adaptations of the cingular scapular bones of the arm, forearm and hand of T. terrestris. We used four Tapirs skeletons donated to the Laboratory of Education and Research on Wild Animals of the Federal University of Uberlândia. The bones were carefully analyzed and described. The Tapirus animals emerged on Earth in the beginning of Pleistocene and in South America in the Miocene. The bones of T. terrestris are protuberant and resistant with accidents that, apparently help to cursorial displacement. As this is a cursorial animal, it has specific morphological adaptations that relates to its niche and habitat.

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) is known to cause reproductive disorders and fatal infections in puppies, and may also be found in asymptomatic dogs or related to vaginal vesicular lesions, ocular infections and respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was investigate the ocurrence of CaHV-1 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within urine samples, ocular and vaginal swab samples from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil. Twenty mature bitches, with at least one estrous and reproductive disorders history and/or symptoms were used. Two out of twenty dogs (10%) were positive in the urine and ocular swab samples, respectively, one with pyometra diagnosis and another one healthy with history of stillbirth. No positive results were detected within vaginal swab samples. Sequence analysis of the DNA polymerase gene of the positive samples indicated 100% identity with the sequence of the four CaHV-1 strains selected from Genbank. These findings suggest that positive dogs might be CaHV-1 latent carriers. Additionally, the results confirm the presence of CaHV-1 circulating within urban canine population of Uberlândia, MG. This is the first report that a CaHV-1 infection has been detected in the Southeast Brazil.

The coati is a procionidae foun in American cerrado. It is as animal with little morphological features, characterized by the neural system. The objective of this work was to study the origin and distribution of the brachial plexus of this taxon. Five adult specimens were dissected, however, without a definitr age, donated by IBAMA or collected dead on the banks of higways. The specimes were fixed in aqueous formaldehyde solution, 10% and kept immersed the same solution before and dissection. The formationof the brachial plexus occurred between the ventral branch of the fifth cervical spinal nerve (C5), to the first thoracic (T1), origined the nerves supraescapular, subescapulares (cranial e caudal), toracodorsal, axilar, radial, musculocutâneo, mediano, ulnar e peitorais (cranial e caudal) and distributed in the neck, chest and forelimb.

Ticks are ectoparasites, vectors of diseases to humans and animals. Some of these are classified as zoonosis, with particular attention for the rickettsiosis. Rickettsial diseases are caused by bacteria of genus Rickettsia spp., and some of them are lethal. These bacteria are transmitted by arthropods as leas and ticks, which infect themselves in their host, than transmit for humans and ther animals. These animals can be wild or domestics and some of them are amplifiers agents of this pathogens in the environment, infecting other ectoparasites. To stablish a seroepidemiology profile of possible presence of Rickettsia spp. in the environment serologic assays are very important. Therefore, the aim of this study as to make a seroepidemiology investigation with dogs and horses on the rural area of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Were visited 18 farms on the Region,where was collected blood of 50 dogs and 15 horses. Ticks, information about animal behavior and the presence of wild animals, was also collected. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) detected antibodies against Rickettsia spp. in 19 (38%) of the dogs and 13 (86.7%) of the horses. In all the farms that had animals with detected antibodies, the owners described that the dogs had free circulation in the entire farm. These results indicate the possible presence of more than one species of Rickettsia spp. In Uberlandia region. More studies becomes necessary for the isolation and molecular characterization of this pathogen. Fever diseases in humans with a historic of tick born have to be treated with attention for Brazilian Spotted Fever.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

About 134 milk samples proceeding from cows with clinical or subclinical recurrent mastitis in eight properties of Uberlândia-MG were submitted the microbiological analysis. The samples had been submitted the culture to verify the presence of Staphylococcus sp and enterobacterias and isolated specimens were submitted the different tests to verify the susceptibility to the antimicrobials. Additionally, the enterobactérias and Staphylococcus sp isolated had been identified to the species level. The mastitic milk samples were evaluated and demonstrated bacterial growth in 61,19% (82/134) occasions. The more prevalent etiologic agent was the Staphylococcus sp, (90,24% - 74/82) followed of the enterobacterias (24,39% - 20/82). The susceptibility test by disk diffusion demonstrated that the majority staphylococci strains of the isolated presented multiresistance. Of 38 Staphylococcus specimens had presented resistance to the oxacillin (40,54% - 30/74), in thirty this isolated the resistance was confirmed by the CMI (40,54% - 30/74) and twenty-five the mec A gene was detected (33,78% -25/74). The antibiogram for the enterobacterias demonstrated that (20/20) they had 100% presented resistance to the ampicillin and amikacin, amoxacillin and tetracycline (65.00% - 13/20), ceftazidime and chloramphenicol (15.00%-3/20), cefotaxime(10.00%-2/20), aztreonam and gentamicine (5.00%-1/20)and ceftriaxone, imipinem and ciprofloxacin (0% -0 /20). Only isolated (5%) identified as Escherichia coli demonstrated resistance to the ceftazidime and demonstrated to be producing of ESBL by double-disk diffusion test. The results had evidenced high resistant between the strains isolated, strengthening the importance of the adequate and monitored use of antibiotics, since these microrganisms can be spread by milk and transform into serious problem of public health.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of retrobulbar anesthesia in cats with levobupivacaine chloride 0.5% and lidocaine chloride 2% without vasoconstrictor. Fourteen cats were divided into two groups and underwent preanesthetic medication with acepromazine maleate and propofol. Retrobulbar block was performed in the medial corner of the eyelids of the right eyeball with levobupivacaine hydrochloride (Group I) and lidocaine (Group II) without vasoconstrictor. We evaluated the M0 moments i.e. six hours prior to PAM, M1:15 minutes after PAM, when it was taken the anesthetic, as well as the periods M2: 15, M3: 30, M4: M5: 45 and M6: 60 minutes after the anesthetic block. The duration of block with lidocaine was 50 minutes, and 65 minutes with levobupivacaine without change in systolic blood pressure. Anesthetic promoted block of the corneal and the oculocephalic reflexes, being that the loss of sensibility and return of the corneal reflexes were faster with the levobupivacaine than with the lidocaine. No changes in the coloration of the eyelid and bulbar conjunctivae and decentralization of the globe were noted. Anesthetics caused retrobulbar anesthesia in cats, being that 0.5% levobupivacaine promotes appearance of rash in the bulbar and the eyelid conjunctivae, greater reduction in tear production and increased intraocular pressure. Anesthetics are not able to restrict the palpebral reflexes, but they may be used for intraocular surgery.

Aimed to evaluate the effects of including millet and corn oil in sorghum-based diets on performance, carcass yield and prime cuts and relative weight of the edible offal of broilers, beyond the effects of diet, sex and age on the mean body temperature (TCM), mean surface temperature (TSM) and the litter temperature. Six hundred and eighty four Hubbard Flex ® male and female broiler chickens were distributed in a completely randomized design and submitted to the diets: A) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Soybean Oil (Control); B) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Corn Oil and C) Sorghum+Soybean meal/Millet+Soybean Oil; with six replicates of 38 birds each (19 males and 19 females). Ambient temperature and humidity were monitored by data loggers. At 14, 21, 35 and 42 days the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability were evaluated. At 42 days the live weight, carcass yield, cuts and edible offal were obtained. At seven, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, the litter temperature in each boxing was recorded in seven points. One male and one female from each replicate were chosen for recording the temperatures: wing, head, shin, back and cloaca, to obtain the TSM and TCM. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, live weight, viability, carcass yield, wings, breast, thigh and drumstick and the relative weight of the gizzard, heart and liver was not altered by the inclusion of millet or corn oil in diets. There was an interaction between sex x age for the variables TSM and TCM; and litter temperature only for age. It was concluded that in sorghum-based diets for broilers, millet and corn oil can be added without compromising the productivity of birds and that TSM e TCM decrease as the birds grow older while the litter temperature increases. The diet does not influence TCM, TSM and litter temperature of broiler.

This paper aimed at determining the best moment to transfer hatching eggs to the hatcher, optimizing the incubation period, increasing the incubation yield with no interference at chicks quality when compared to the traditional incubation method. The experiment was carried out at a hatchery in the city of Uberlândia, State of Minas Gerais, using broiler breeders from the commercial line Cobb. The experimental design was 2X4, considering two breeders age (35 weeks and 52 weeks old) and four moments of transference from incubator to the hatcher, which were at 16, 17, 18 and 19 days of incubation. After the transference, the eggs remained in the hatcher during five, four, three and two days, respectively, totaling about 504 hours of incubation. Each treatment included the evaluation of 90 hatched chicks, being 30 chicks evaluated in three heights of the incubation cart (first, middle and last tray). The parameters evaluated were: chick length and weight, yolk, heart, liver and intestine weight. There was influence of the breeders age related to the parameters analyzed, where it could be observed at chicks from older hens largest egg weight, chick length and weight, yolk, heart and liver weight but only intestine showed no difference among the breeders ages. There was no influence of the transference moment on body mass of chicks at birth, but there was an increase in length of chicks closer the transferring age at 19 days. There was influence of the transference moment on the organs of chicks transferred to the hatcher after 16 days of incubation, where it was observed the trend of further organs development compared to other times of transference, showing that in order to acquire the body mass obtained there was a greater physiological demand of organs in these birds. As a suggestion, further papers can be performed to analyze the performance data at the field.

This study aimed to characterize the Minas Artesanal cheese produced in Uberlândia and check the minimum maturation period in which they reached the microbiological standards required by law. The physico-chemical characteristics (humidity, fat, fat in dry extract, acidity, sodium chloride, protein, ash and foreign material) and microbiological (total coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and molds, positive coagulase Staphylococcus, Salmonella spp were evaluated., and Listeria monocytogenes) of cheeses produced in rainy and dry season for up to 26 days of maturation, before and after the best practices training. In addition, to assess the hygienic-sanitary conditions in which the cheeses were produced was also performed analyzes of hands, equipment, water potability, pingo and milk. The strains identified as positive coagulase Staphylococcus were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. We observed a large amount of foreign material in cheese as hairs, insect fragments and particles not identified, featuring none of the properties were in accordance with the standards of good manufacturing practices. The maturation period and % of cheeses humidity influenced (p <0.05) to total coliform and E. coli reduces over time, whereas for positive coagulase Staphylococcus there was no significant influence. We defined that microbiological parameters required by law have been achieved on day 26 of maturation. Listeria monocytogenes was not found in all samples and only one sample analyzed on the first day of maturation was positive for Salmonella spp. The maturation influenced the increase of the average values of chloride, protein, acidity, ash and fat and decreased humidity (p <0.05) in both cheeses produced in the dry and rainy seasons. All samples of water, pingo, milk and equipment presented counts for coliform and in hands were identified positive coagulase Staphylococcus. Among 77 strains isolated from coagulase positive cheeses, 48 (62.34%) were resistant to penicillin G and 42 (54.55%) to ampicillin, while for the other antibiotics tested, the resistance was lower, 1 (1.3%) to gentamicin, 25 (32.47%) for Oxacillin, 12 (15.58%) for Azithromycin, 6 (7.79%) for Clindamycin, 1 (1.3%) to Sulphazotrim and 14 (18.18%) to Erythromycin. Antimicrobial resistance to oxacillin and ampicillin was influenced by aging time (p <0.05). The sizes of inhibition zones for the antibiotic oxacillin decreased throughout maturation, but increased when ampicillin was tested. We conclude that 26 days are required for the maturation of cheeses meet the microbiological standards recommended by the legislation, but only this criterion is not sufficient to ensure safety in the consumption of food, requiring strict control and supervision in all production stages.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior