Repositório RCAAP

The present study aimed to compare three nutritional programs, developed with rations based on whole grain sorghum without tannin, evaluating the growth performance, carcass yield and cuts, gastrointestinal development and the absorption surface of the small intestine of broilers. In total, 1360 broiler chicks, mixed (50:50), with a day-old lineage Hubbard Flex were distributed according to a completely randomized design composed of four treatments and ten replications each, as follows: three programs with whole sorghum grain-based ration (nutrition program with daily adjustment, nutritional program with adjustment every three days and four phases) and a program with ground sorghum grain-based ration (four phases). The variables analyzed were the feed intake; weight gain; feed conversion; viability; eviscerated carcass yield and cuts (chest (full and boned), thighs/drumsticks and wings); chemical composition of the pectoral muscle; relative weight of the small intestine (ID) and gizzard; length, histomorphometry and absorption area ID. Performance variables were submitted to ANOVA. The variables of yield, composition, relative weight of gizzard and ID and ID length were submitted to ANOVA in factorial scheme (4x2). In the variable ID histomorphometry of males applied the ANOVA. Verification of the strength and direction of a linear relationship between the weight of gizzard and intestine weight was made through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Nutrition program with adjustment daily and every three days showed better feed conversion, didn´t affect carcass yield and commercial cuts, promoted an increase in size of the gizzard, which result in further development of the small intestine. It is concluded that the daily feeding programs could be made possible in the poultry industry with the mixture of sorghum grains and concentrates directly on farms running for better logistics and shipping cost of feed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of Campylobacter jejuni and quantify indicator microorganisms (mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms and E. coli) in initial and final broiler feed artificially contaminated with 103 and 105 CFU of C. jejuni per gram of ration, kept at two different temperatures of storage (25 and 370C) and analyzed on four different storage periods 0, 24, 72 and 120 hours. C. jejuni survived throughout the study period and multiplied when inoculated with 103UFC, with the highest counts observed when the feed was kept at a temperature of 370C. Overall, there was a multiplication of mesophilic microorganisms, but the amount of coliforms didn´t increase with time. This work shows that the importance of feed in the epidemiology of C. jejuni in broilers should be better assessed and instigates other studies to verify the possible symbiotic relationship between C. jejuni and mesophilic.

This study evaluated the prevalence and analysis of risk factors for Neospora spp. and Toxoplasma gondii in horses (horses, mules and ponies), within rural and urban areas of Uberlândia. Serum samples from 257 horses were evaluated for the presence of antibodies against Neospora spp.e T. gondii by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and molecular diagnosis by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, a survey was conducted to evaluate the possible risk factors (genetic group, age, gender, economic activity, history of miscarriage, contact with domestic and wild animals and ECC). Of 257 blood samples evaluated, 13.2% (34/257) had a positive by IIF for Neospora spp. PCR and the overall prevalence of 1.2% (3/257) was found. There was a significant difference when comparing the frequency of positive animals between techniques. Of the factors studied, age was considered a risk factor for Neospora spp. Compared to Toxoplasma gondii, 9.7% (25/257) had a positive by IIF, and PCR were 10.9% (28/257). When comparing rural and urban areas, only the PCR was no statistically significant difference. By IIF only gender and age were risk factors. On the PCR technique, the only significant risk factor was the genetic group. Therefore, it is concluded that there is a T. gondii and Neospora spp. distributed throughout the city of Uberlândia and its prevalence is independent of rural or urban area. Being the genetic group, age and gender considered risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora spp age for.

This study evaluated the viability and capability of transcription of genes ciaB, dnaJ, p19, sodB by two strains of Campylobacter jejuni (NCTC 11351 and IAL 2383) retrieved from Minas Frescal cheeses, made with pasteurized milk experimentally inoculated with the micro-organism. The cheeses were stored at 4 °C for 10 days and periodi cally evaluated for the presence/quantify of coliform group, Staphylococcus coagulase positive, Campylobacter jejuni, besides acidity, pH, umidity and sodium chloride. The Campylobacter isolates recovered from cheeses were evaluated by RT-PCR technique to check if there was a change in their transcriptomes. Storage at 4º C reduced the counts of C. jejuni from the first to the fourth day and led to undetectable levels after the seventh day. The decrease of umidity and pH and the increasing of acidity in Minas Frescal was correlated with the decrease in viability of C. jejuni. There was a reduction in the production of transcripts of the four genes tested, more pronounced on the fourth day of storage, when p19 and sodB transcripts have not been found anymore. The consumption of Minas Frescal cheese contaminated with Campylobacter can be threatening to infect humans when consumed up to four days after its manufacture.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the reduction in somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk to acceptable parameters, using a dietary supplement, in three different dosages. The dietary supplement consisted basically of organic minerals derived from Lithothamnium calcareum (92.5 g/kg), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.5 g/kg) and yeast cell walls (5g/kg). Twelve crossbred cows that were more than 60 days postpartum and produced more than 20 Kg of milk/day were used in this research, which was conducted at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Uberlândia (Fazenda Experimental do Glória, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil). During the first 75 days, the animals were confined and received feed and silage. During the following 75 days, the animals were received feed and pasture. The 12 cows were divided into four groups of three animals each, the animals of each group receiving 0, 40, 60 or 80g of supplement per day. The supplement was mixed in 4 kg of feed and offered during milking. Milk samples were collected each month, the first one at the beginning of the experiment and the remaining samples every 30 days. These samples were collected at the beginning of the afternoon milking, before the placement of the teat cups, and were kept in containers with bronopol (2-bromo, 2-nitro-1, 3 propanediol). After being collected, the samples were cooled and sent to the Centro de Tecnologia para o Gerenciamento da Pecuária de Leite, at the Clínica do Leite (Esalq-USP). Flow cytometry was used to determine the SCC and flow cytometry PO ANA 010 was used to determine TBC. The average SCC ranged between 1,07 x 105 cells/mL and 2,78 x 105 cells/mL. The average TBC ranged between 4 x 103 CFU/mL and 17 x 103 CFU/mL. No significant changes in SCC and TBC counts were observed, regardless of the dosage used was observed.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

The dairy cattle is a major financial activities in Brazil, but suffers by the presence of parasites, particularly Rhipicephalus microplus. Treatment of parasitic diseases with allopathic products is common, but leave residues in meat and milk, besides to induce resistance in ticks. Homeopathy has been applied successfully by some producers. This work aimed to evaluate the effect biotherapic against ticks in 36 crossbred female cattle Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus, divided into three experimental groups of 12 animals each. The T1 group received biotherapics, T2 group was placed in the same pasture with the same management and received placebo, the T3 group was placed in a separate pasture and received placebo. Daily engorged gravid females (above 4 mm) were counted and notes were taken for 4 months, the animals were randomly separated considering susceptibility to ectoparasite. After this period, daily counting continued and recording the number of engorged female ticks above 4 mm. The monthly sum of gravid females was obtained by observing the daily count of gravid females between the 20th month and 19th day of the following month Each month, the CBC was performed and measured the-glutamyl GGT concentration indices cholinesterase, alkaline phosphatase-ALP, AST aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma in blood plasma. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in layout plots in time consists of three groups, seven months review with 12 repetitions totaling 252 reviews from 23 variables , 15 were provided by the CBC, four of the plasma biochemical examination, two of the observations of parasites and two from the observations of animals. It was found that the T1 group gravid females had engorged less than T2 which had engorged females less than T3. Gravid females with morphological changes were found adhered to the skin of the T1 group and three times occured an infestation of the parasite life stages which didn\'t ingurgitate in the T1 group. In blood tests revealed that there were no statistical differences between groups, but platelet ,eosinophils in group T1 differ between months , despite being among the values considered normal for species. Enzymes observed were within normal limits and there was no statistical difference between months or between groups. The animals had body condition scores between 2 and 4 and the milk produced was within the levels of the MAPA Normative Instruction 62. The biotherapic reduced the infestation of ticks in the T1 group.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on sorghum grain, whole and ground, supplied to broilers at different stages of creation, on the performance, organs and intestinal mucosa morphometry, and goblet cell count. We performed a food program composed of four phases, with the diets based on sorghum without tannin and corn, divided into treatments: ground grain sorghum; ground corn grain; whole sorghum grain from housing (pre-starter); whole sorghum grain from the initial ration; whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration; whole sorghum grain on the housing and ground sorghum grain from the starter feed; and whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed. At 42 days old data of feed intake, live weight gain, real and traditional feed conversion, and viability we evaluated. Five animals from each treatment were slaughtered, and organs collected for morphometric evaluation and goblet cells quantification. At 42 days of age the inclusion of whole or ground sorghum secured higher body weight and better feed conversion than corn ground. We observed greater duodenal villus height, smaller crypt depth and greater absorption area in animals of treatment whole grain sorghum in the housing and ground corn from the initial feed, compared to whole sorghum grain from the fattening ration. The use of sorghum grain, free of tannin, from housing, or included in the initial or fattening stages of broiler raising, assured satisfactory performance characteristics, without affecting the morphometric parameters of gastrointestinal tube, accessory glands and intestinal goblet cells proliferation.

In order to assess the influence of the estrous cycle, bacterial isolation, cystic endometrial hyperplasia ( HEC ) in clinically healthy and without uterine diseases and pyometra in the examination of endometrial cytology bitches, 105 healthy and 33 bitches with pyometra were used. All animals underwent ovariohysterectomy and uteri macroscopically assessed and collected samples for microbiological evaluation, endometrial histology and cytology technique for endometrial brush ( cytobrush ) . The phase of anestrus showed difference in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells. The bitches endometrial cytology and no histologic changes bacterial isolation in accordance with the phase of the estrous cycle were as follows: a) proestrus (neutrophils 2,05 + 0,64%, eosinophils 0,07 + 0,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 97,87 + 0,63% ), b) estrus (neutrophils 4,55 + 1,76%, eosinophils 0,83 + 0,83, endometrial epithelial cells 94,62 + 1,83) c ) diestrus (neutrophils 7,87 + 4,07%; endometrial epithelial cells 92,13 % + 4,07 ) and d) anestrus (neutrophils 0,24 + 0,24%; endometrial epithelial cells 99,75 + 0,24%). There was an increase in the percentage of neutrophils and endometrial epithelial cells in the proestrus phase of the animals with bacterial isolation. The pyometra interfere with presence of neutrophils increased ( 60,30 + 4,32%), and lymphocytes ( 1,71 + 0,52 %). Neutrophils were more leukocytes found in all cytological evaluations. It was concluded that endometrial cytology is a useful tool in knowledge of cytological changes and the phase of the estrous cycle influence the endometrial cytology. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia and bacterial isolation do not interfere in endometrial cytology. The independent influences pyometra endometrial cytology classification of histological changes, and neutrophils cells more gifts.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Aimed to evaluate the corn oil in diets based on sorghum as an alternative to replacement of soybean oil for broilers, comparing digestibility of feed, crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE); apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn); between the two oils in two steps: 17-21 days and 31-35 days; The chemical analysis of the breast muscle, feed cost (Yi), economic efficiency index (EEI) and cost index (CI) for live weight and carcass between lipid sources was also performed. The design was completely randomized in a 2x2 factorial design (with ration with soybean oil and corn oil and 17-21 days and 31-35 days), and digestibility was four replicates per treatment with two birds per experimental unit for each phase and for the chemical analysis of chest with six replicates per treatment one bird per experimental unit. Was no diet x age interaction for CP digestibility, which was higher at 17-21 days using soybean oil. The digestibility of the ration was increased to 31-35 days compared to 17-21 days of age. The digestibility of EE was not altered by the treatments and the ages. The use of corn oil resulted in higher EMA to 17-21 days of age, AME and AMEn to 31-35 days of age, while there was no difference in AMEn to 17-21 days. The composition of breast, no differences in deposition of EE were found. For the deposition of CP and dry matter (DM) corn oil showed better values for moisture while breast soybean oil resulted in higher levels. The result of economic viability benefited soybean oil. Corn oil can replace soya oil in diets containing sorghum, improving the apparent metabolizable energy of feed and the composition of the breast.

This study aimed to describe the clinical and molecular profile, and evaluating the evolution of an standard treatment with doxycycline 10 mg/kg every 12 hours (BID), for three weeks to natural Ehrlichia canis infection.18 mongrel dogs were selected, both sexes, mean age 3,4 ± 1,5 years old, showing clinical symptoms of the disease and a history of tick infestation.The animals were treated with doxycycline 10mg/kg orally (PO), BID, for 21 consecutive days and assessed the week before starting treatment (d-7) and on the first day (d0), day 14 (+14 d) and day 21 (d +21) treatment. At each assessment was made on history, haematological and biochemical analysis and PCR. Although there was a significant improvement in the general state of the dogs, it was noted that the hematological had not yet established fullness in all animals after the treatment with doxycycline. The PCR was positive for E. canis in 3 animals at pre-treatment. An animal was positive during and at the end of treatment. After treatment, none of the animals showed clinical manifestations observed previously, only one animal remained positive for molecular testing, suggesting resistance to treatment in the dose used. The study concluded that the clinical, haematological and biochemical changes observed in dogs infected by E. kennels are nonspecific; 21 days of treatment for improvement in anemia and thrombocytopenia, and WBC did not follow a pattern among animals. The study concluded that the findings clinical and laboratory are general and non-specific. The diagnosis should be based on clinical, hematological, serum titers of anti-E. canis and confirmed by the presence of genetic material of the body in the circulating blood.

The aimed of this study was to evaluate nutritional plans effects on production, physiological and economic rates of Hubbard Flex broiler breed. The experiment was completely randomized, with five treatments, being the reference treatment based on nutrient and energy levels indicated by Rostagno et al. (2011) and the others calculated from this ( -3 % , -1.5 % , + 1.5 % and + 3 % ). Cumulative performance was evaluated at the end of each growing phase, at 35 and 42 days old superficial and body temperatures, at 42 days old carcass yield, relative organs weights, breast composition and economic viability. At 35 and 42 days old energy increased and nutrient levels reduced feed intake and improved feed conversion. A better breast composition was observed better with increased nutrient and energy levels. Costs increased with increasing dietary plans. Wing, back and cloacal temperature were not affected by dietary plans, and consequently superficial body rates temperatures. Effect on energetic and nutritional levels increased on liver, gizzard and the small intestine weights were observed. Were conclude that increasing nutrient and energy levels had better feed intake , feed conversion rate, economic efficiency and breast composition, as body temperature was not affected. However , economic analysis showed worst result to higher levels within each plan.

A total of 50 dairy heifers were divided into two groups according to its mineral supplementation: organic (T1, n = 25) and inorganic (T2, n = 25) treatments. The animals were fed with these supplements for 10 months (July/2005 to April/2005), when three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1: the animals where tape-weighted during 10 months. There was no statistical weight gain differences between the groups (P>0.05). Experiment 2: between September and December 2004, blood samples were collected from the heifers of both groups to measure progesterone (P4) serum levels. The animals did not demonstrate different P4 levels in September and December, although presenting statically different P4 mean levels (P<0.05) in October and November, with 1.1440 and 1.2847 ng/ml for T1, and 1.5138 and 1.6147 ng/ml for T2, respectively. This rise in P4 serum levels for T1 group does not insure that inorganic treatment is more efficient. Experiment 3: A heat protocol together with an artificial insemination with fixed time (A.I.) was realized in April 2005, to evaluate the presence of corpus luteum prior to synchronization, follicular development, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rate, using an gynecological ultrasound. Organic minerals promoted an increase in ovulation rate in the first examination after A.I. (P<0,05). Altogether, its judged necessary an higher number of studies to efficiently evaluate the effects of these new available mineral complexes on animal reproduction.

The objective was to evaluate the effect of the type of milking and the environment in the quality of raw milk by identification the Somatic Cell Count - CCS in samples obtained from farms in the mesoregion of south goiano and correlate it with the different types of milk, and the milk components: fat, protein, lactose and total solids (ST). Furthermore, we sought to diagnose the prevalence of subclinical mastitis by CCS, evaluate the correlation between CCS and milking type with antimicrobial residues, and check the influence of season, temperature and humidity index (THI) and Equivalent Temperature Index (ITE) on the CCS. The research developed in farms with different types of milking, being divided into manual and mechanical milking. The datas were collected from January 2011 to December 2013, and in each property was collected a monthly sample in the expansion tank, a total of 8242 samples, which were later sent for analysis. The diagnosis of the milk quality held by electronic count of somatic cells, for the FossomaticTM® and the levels of the components were analyzed using the MilkoscanTM FT®, the detection of antibiotic residues was performed using the Delvotest-P and meteorological data were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology - INMET in Catalão-GO station. Among the variables type of it milks and subclinical mastitis, there was dependent relationship (p <0.05). The milking mechanics was the one with a higher prevalence of subclinical mastitis with 58% (910) of the samples presented CCS> 300.000 cells/mL. Among the variables type of milking and CCS advocated by Instruction n°62/2011 (BRASIL, 2011), there was a significant relationship (p <0.05). Only 19,53% (1610) of the samples had CCS > 500.000 cells/mL. According to the statistical analysis, there was a positive correlation between CCS and fat and ST, however, there was a negative correlation between the CCS and the protein and lactose contents. The type of milking and the somatic cell count did not affect the presence or absence of antimicrobial residues. During the rainy season has become a CCS elevation compared to the dry season, but there was no correlation between CCS and environmental indices (ITE and ITU). Regarding environmental indices can be seen that with the increase of the ITU occurred a decrease in fat and an increase in ST and lactose. It can be concluded that the type of manual milking showed the lowest prevalence of subclinical mastitis in relation to milking and with elevated CCS is a reduction in the concentrations of protein and lactose and an increase in fat and total solids in the raw milk.

The higher mortality rate in pig farming focuses on the first three days after birth, pincipalmente in piglets weighing less than a kilogram, which causes a reduction in profits in the sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate weight gain and mortality rate of piglets from birth to weaning when supplemented with coconut milk or coconut milk and glutamine. 448 piglets Breeds Dan -bred and Naima were followed. The experiment was conducted at GRIMPISA commercial farm, located in the city of Uberlândia, October 2013 to November 2013. Two hours after ingestion of colostrum , was administered the first dose of treatment and the amount of coconut milk used was 20 ml per animal containing 2g glutamine in piglets weighing up to one pound and six hundred . The effect on growth was observed, implying the possibility of weight gain and decreased mortality of piglets. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement consisting of two lines and 3 treatments. When comparing the means the Tukey test for the cases of analysis of variance and mean comparison tests put to the cases in which we used the Kruskal - Wallis test was used. We used the test to compare proportions (binomial test) to check for significant difference between the proportion of diarrhea or deaths within each line or each treatment. These tests also adopted the 5% significance. Still proceeded to an analysis of the Spearman correlation between the variables birth weight, diarrhea and death. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments for weight gain from birth to weaning. Supplementation of coconut milk or coconut milk supplemented with glutamine had no effect on weight gain and mortality of piglets in this study.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

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