Repositório RCAAP

This research aims at the analysis of environmental justice within the sociological systems theory of niklas luhmann. To this end, considerations are developed on the decision on the legitimacy of law and justice on the conceptualization of that author. The final chapter is devoted to analysis of recent case examined by the stj and that, by nature, you can configure the practical application of "contingency formula" of the legal system.

Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

In this work we present a study about ultrashort pulse-train generation in Erbiumdoped fiber lasers, by the passive mode-locking technique, with the use of carbon nanotubes saturable absorbers. Carbon nanotubes were incorporated into laser cavities by two techniques: thermophoresis optically-driven deposition and thin films incorporating carbon nanotubes. The second technique has become more advantageous than the first one, because is possible to control carbon nanotubes concentration and thin films thicknesses. Additionally, we present a study about thin films incorporating carbon nanotubes optimization, in order to maximize generated output bandwidths in passively mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber lasers. We used 0.8 and 1.0 nm diameters carbon nanotubes, fabricated thin films with different transmission values (different αL product values), laser cavities with different features, such as total cavity length, total accumulated dispersion, repetition rate. In this context, best results were achieved with thin films containing 1.0 nm diameter carbon nanotubes, with films transmission about 37% (αL product close to 1.0), in 9 m long laser cavity (0.8 m of highly- Erbium-doped fiber and 8.2 m of SMF) of total accumulated dispersion of 0.153 ps/nm. The largest bandwidth measured, with those characteristics cavity parameters, was 5,7 nm.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Teresina, capital of Piaui, state of the Northeast region of the country, is a city that presents itself an unusual feature of having two rivers in its urban extension, the Parnaíba and Poti rivers. The Rio Parnaíba has greater significance to the city because it is the source of all water supply piped to Teresina. Another feature that shows its magnitude is the fact that its hydrographic basin is the second most important of the northeast region of the country. These characteristics prove its relevance as an object of study. This river, as well as many other sources for supply, is in process of environmental degradation by both the inefficiency of public policies - observed by the limited scope of the sanitation service that brings about the existence of clandestine sewage, for breaches of the laws that regulate preservation of the river -, for lack of environmental education of the population in general, citing it as an example of this economic activity practiced in its surroundings as car washes, garden cultivation , mining , fishing , established with the research . Soon, the river suffers daily numerous impacts of urban sprawl, the type silting the river banks an increase of crowns over the years, pointed out by this research; urban waste accumulation in its waters; deforestation of riparian vegetation; among others. Therefore, it is necessary to study this issue, focusing on one of the major global concerns since the late twentieth century: the quality of urban water. Thus , this research aimed to study the environmental impacts that occur in Rio Parnaíba , consequential expansion and urban occupation of the city of Teresina, highlighting thereby the importance of its preservation in promoting sustainable development of the city. This analysis is based on theoretical research and field research, to detect the deficiency found points, which hamper the preservation of the river.

A presente dissertação traz uma leitura sobre a fase de execução de ações em que figura no polo passivo a Fazenda Pública, com enfoque para as alterações trazidas pela Lei 11.960/09, que determinou a aplicação da TR - Taxa Referencial para atualização monetária e juros moratórios calculados com base nos juros aplicados à caderneta de poupança para débitos contraídos pela Fazenda Pública e sua posterior declaração de inconstitucionalidade no julgamento das Ações Diretas de Inconstitucionalidade nº 4357/DF e 4435/DF pelo STF. Ainda será abordado o julgamento do tema de repercussão geral nº 810 que, embora aguarde apreciar os Embargos de Declaração, afastou a aplicação da TR e determinou a aplicação do IPCA-E, considerado índice mais adequado para recompor a perda do poder de compra. Ainda, será demonstrado que a inconstitucionalidade da referida Lei reside justamente no ponto de ferir o direito de propriedade, uma vez que não se qualifica como medida adequada a capturar a variação de preços da economia, podendo ocasionar prejuízos aos credores. Também será feita alusão às alterações no procedimento de execução antes e depois da criação da Lei 11.960/09, como o prosseguimento da execução pelo valor incontroverso. Por fim, será feita menção ao novo decreto lei que possibilita o acordo judicial entre credor e a Fazenda do Estado.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Acesso online; https://open.spotify.com/show/4H8DWNQToVpyaSw1GfcGQA

Este Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso trata-se de um livro-reportagem que aborda os meandros dos bailes funk, uma forma de expressão cultural das periferias, sob a ótica das pessoas que o vivenciam, na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de jornalismo literário, inspirado nos conceitos do novo jornalismo de Tom Wolfe e outros grandes nomes, foi realizada uma reportagem construída sob o olhar dos frequentadores dos bailes, produtores de música do gênero musical funk e das famílias dos adolescentes que morreram no massacre do Baile da 17, em Paraisópolis, no ano de 2019. O objetivo é trazer o olhar das pessoas que moram nas periferias e frequentam esses espaços de manifestação cultural para o foco da abordagem, o que muitas vezes não é feito pela cobertura tradicional que traz o tema à tona geralmente quando há casos de violência ou segurança pública envolvidos. Dessa forma, o livro “Por Trás do Megatron” consegue contar as suas histórias sob o viés de quem as vivencia, de maneira aprofundada e humanizada, priorizando suas experiências e pontos de vista.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The present study has the purpose to discourse on the Brazilian Bethel, a Pentecostal Evangelical organization with more than 75 years of existence under the female leadership. Originally, the small educational establishment for protestant young women, that appeared in the hinterland of the Paraíba in 1935, was traditional and foreign; however, in the middle of Sixties, the institution became nationalized and hybrid when adhering to the Pentecostal belief. In this way, the recherché looks for understanding the possible reason of the transition of the traditional and foreign Bethel for a Pentecostal and Brazilian Bethel, as well as to know its expansion between 1968 and 2008. For such, it approaches the object from the perspective of Sciences of the Religion, having the case‟s qualitative study as method of empirical inquiry, that allows to deal with social cultural phenomena whose limits are not defined clearly. Also, it was used the bibliographical research, the interviews and the collection of life history. Several theoreticians were consulted to substantiate the study; pointing out Weber, to comprehend the human being actions‟, and Bourdieu, for appraising the institutions as agents of social integration. Then, the study concludes that the nationalization and the hybridism contributed to extend the acceptance of the alluded religious-educational institution into the mélange religious field of the Brazilian Protestantism of the investigated period.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

A presente pesquisa desenvolveu-se no contexto do Curso Normal Superior Fora de Sede de uma instituição do interior do estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um curso a distância, na modalidade presencial, utilizando diferentes mídias interativas e com a mediação de um Tutor. A necessidade pela investigação decorreu do interesse em pesquisar o potencial inclusivo dessa modalidade de curso, com o enfoque na função de Supervisor Regional do Curso Normal Superior Fora de Sede, objetivando pesquisar a percepção que ele tem do trabalho que desempenha. Trata-se de uma função instituída para prestar o apoio local necessário aos alunos e tutores do CNSFS, a fim de garantir o funcionamento do curso. Para proceder à investigação do estudo em questão, utilizou-se, como principal fonte de informação, os próprios supervisores regionais, por meio da técnica da entrevista semi-estruturada e análise de conteúdo das falas obtidas. Os dados apontam a visão de um trabalho complexo, em construção e permeado dos desafios próprios aos novos modelos de educação exigidos na sociedade do conhecimento.

Since its creation in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the credit union has played an essential role in the global economy. Due to actions based on the less favoured class in the past, the cooperatives have always embraced the idea of solidarity and unity, something that is deeply rooted in its principles. Throughout its history, there was the need for improvement, maturity and evolution in its way of managing and directing, mainly due to the big growth of the segment which occurred after the mid-1990. By having the financial intermediation as their main focus, the credit unions keep playing a fundamental role in the sustainable development of Brazil, particularly because of their ability to fund consumption and production. Some issues such as the huge dependence on the spread in order to cover operational costs, and also its vulnerabilities, contribute to make the cooperatives become less competitive if compared to the other institutions. Some particularities involving its structure and culture end up creating some conflicting interests, mainly among cooperative members (owners) and managers. In order to describe the legal structure that rules the credit unions in Brazil regarding the decision on the internal controls model, Resolution CMN 2.554/98 and Government Circular CMN 3.467/09 has been drawn up. Both are considered as clear and formal in the acceptance of conceptual structure COSO as internal controls framework. It is clear that the action of Central Bank of Brazil in following up the international trends that involve standardization through international recommendations imply in their compliance and observance. This study is aimed at investigating the acceptance by the credit unions of Sao Paolo state to the government Circular CMN 3.467/09. The answers to the matter have been searched: Are the cooperatives of Sao Paulo state checking the relevant aspects contained in the Government Circular CMN 3.467/09? By using qualitative and quantitative approaches, interviews and data colleting have been conducted through an electronic form on the internet. Using the qualitative approach, agents and people in charge of internal control were interviewed in 8 of a 159 credit unions affiliated to Sicoob Central Cecresp, since they have been considered as large ones if using the criteria established by this Central. By using the quantitative approach, the 151 cooperatives have received an electronic form. Based on the effected analysis, we conclude that the researched credit unions adopt the relevant and intrinsic aspects of Circular CMN 3.467/09. Through the quantitative analysis, it was possible to evidence the adherence of the control components. Finally, in the qualitative aspects, we perceive the need for a more involvement of the management particularly concerning question of control culture and formalizing policies and procedures.

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