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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das condições de vida das pessoas em situação de rua no município de São Paulo e a violação da dignidade destes, em razão, principalmente, da inacessibilidade do direito à moradia. Diante disso, compreende-se que o referido direito constitui elemento nuclear do mínimo existencial, e, por ser assim, optou-se por uma abordagem sobre a atuação estatal e da sociedade em favor dessas pessoas, através de políticas públicas e movimentos sociais, respectivamente, na tentativa de desnaturalizar a marginalização social por elas sofrida, que é pautada na intensa vulnerabilidade que vivenciam nas ruas e oriunda das desigualdades socioeconômicas. Isto, pois, o trabalho preocupou-se em averiguar os mecanismos de ação existentes para proporcionar o direito a ter direitos das pessoas em situação de rua. Sendo assim, utilizando-se o método hipotético dedutivo, por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica, buscou-se examinar a relativização da dignidade de quem vive nas ruas, intimamente ligada ao direito social à moradia, a naturalização da exclusão social e a indispensável atuação do Estado e da sociedade em prol dos moradores de rua, a fim de garantir direitos essenciais para uma vida com dignidade.

This work, based, mostly in the Aristóteles' conceptions, has as purpose establish the relations between argument with persuasive foundation and the opinionative journalism. Like result, we can observe the affinity between rhetoric and the dialectic, between argument and the freedom as form of essential expression in the human being. It is this demonstration of freedom that does the man a special creation of nature. We also realize that the journalistic statement, just is not news only, but knowledge composite of sense in a certain context. And this knowledge take it special characteristics when of the journalism in the opinionative format. To revisit the studies of the sage Aristóteles, we saw as it is important the legacy of this Greek that mark with their studies on the rhetoric all the structure of the opinionative texts that we read every day.

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This paper presents an analysis of the wind and solar photovoltaic generation industry in Brazil using the Structure-Conduct-Performance (SCP) model. The objective of the research is to evaluate how the regulation affected the structure, conduct and performance of the wind and solar photovoltaic market in Brazil from 2004 to 2018. After analysis of market concentration indicators and evaluation of the structure, conduct and performance of the Brazilian wind and solar photovoltaic industry, it was concluded that regulation led to the competitive efficiency of this industry over the analyzed period, given the reduction of market concentration indicators and the reduction of average prices of wind and solar photovoltaic products in regulated auctions. Furthermore, the research presents aspects of the regulation over Brazilian Electric Sector, the technological progress of wind and solar photovoltaic plants, supply evolution in regulated auctions and the financial performance of some companies which operate in this sector

This research is about the study of coping with public policies on drugs adopted in Brazil, aiming to present the legal strategies that support the political entities to create confronting programs to crack. In the survey the normative base that supports the drug policy was used, especially the federal government Crack program, it's possible to win, of national extensive and adopted in all the capitals of the states and cities with a population over 200,000 inhabitants. In chapter one the models to confronting drugs were presented - prohibitionist, abolitionist and harm reduction models - in order to support the study of the Crack program, it is possible to win and present strategies to be used in any confrontation program to crack. The protection of social rights under the Federal Constitution of 1988 was analyzedas well as the specific protection to health and social care. The second chapter investigated the legal theory about public policies and the conceptual foundations of public drug policies as well as the controversy over the non-voluntary hospitalization and the first user profile mapping and crack addicts in the country conducted by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. Chapter three described the structural axes of the Crack program, it's possible to win, analyzing the dismantling of parts of the program that compromise its full realization, as it is the main topic of the thesis. Finally, in chapter four, proposals for re-articulation of the program were built, in order to contribute to further studies and subsidize possible interventions in public policy drug running. The methodology used in the research is deductive, with the application of documentary research techniques and theoretical framework, investigating the theory that supports the construction of public policies and normative basis and document the Crack program, it's possible to win. The conclusions drawn from the proposed issue presented as dislocation point of the program: the need for prior diagnosis for identifying the public to be served and size of the actions; expansion of the program in order to include cities with less than 200,000 inhabitants; need for civil society participation in planning and program implementation; lack of interest of municipal managers in joining the program; difficulty understanding among the three structural axes of the program: care, authority and prevention; precarious UHS networks - Unified Health System and USSA - Unique System of Social Assistance; need for expansion of the sectors that make up the program; monitoring and evaluating the program and insufficient financial investment for their implementation.

Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa

The present work centralizes the political practice of Giuseppe Verdi and the analysis of the feminine voices in the Romantic Opera Aida. Through music and an exemplar personal conduct, the nationalist composer has expressed his own political opinions with his operas, which made him a symbol of the conquest of independence and national unity, a period known as Risorgimento, a movement of the Italian history that sought the country s unification between 1875 and 1870. Composed in his maturity, Aida (1871) reflects two crucial aspects of his carrier: the political theme and the concern about man within the society. His contribution for the Italian Romantic Opera development brought innovations in two ways: a) the evolution of drama, where we find the ideal solution between text and music, the word Scenic that first occurred in the end of the XIX and beginning of the XX century; b) the vocal typology of the end of Romanticism the specificity that Verdi gave vocal registries of his characters in that period achieved much importance, so now it is known as Verdian Vocal Evolutions. As a historical reference of Aida and its period of composition from the time it was ordered to its premiere in Cairo and Milan this research seeks after the dialogue in the correspondences between Verdi and his friends, and his co-participation in a libretto with Antonio Ghislanzoni. In relation to the feminine voices, we have investigated the detailing of Verdi s vocal registries and particularities in the vocal line of characters Aida (soprano) and Amneris (mezzo-soprano), presenting a descriptive analysis of the musical excerpts studied in accordance with the evolution of the drama.

Este relatório embasa a produção de um livro-reportagem voltado a contar histórias de pessoas que foram prejudicadas pela pandemia da covid-19 e que sofreram perdas materiais ou imateriais significativas. Além de entrevistas imersivas, realizadas com as personagens perfiladas, o livro foi produzido a partir da consulta a estudos que mostram diferentes impactos da pandemia, que desigualou ainda mais índices empregatícios e habitacionais, e passou a abalar relações pessoais, a saúde mental e a ideia que temos sobre o nosso tempo. As fontes documentais consultadas para a obra também foram utilizadas para a produção do relatório de pesquisa. As pessoas cujas trajetórias são retratadas no livro-reportagem foram impactadas de diferentes formas com a chegada do novo coronavírus, tendo seu cotidiano profundamente transformado. A mídia cobriu amplamente a história daqueles que perderam a vida para a doença, mas cabe ao jornalismo também registrar as dores dos que tiveram outros tipos de perda.

The essential objective of this study is the analysis of criminal law, under a marxist perspective, presenting its intrinsic relationship to the capitalist mode of production. The evolution of the punitive system, from the end of the 15th century to the present day, clearly demonstrates the key role that the criminal law has developed in all phases of capitalism. During the transition from feudalism to capitalism, the punishment was fundamental to format the new proletariat, instilling in them the disciplines of the new mode of production. After the Industrial Revolution, the prison adopted a posture more intimidating and terrorist. In the Fordist period, the carcer came to be regarded as a stage to the social rehabilitation and reintegration of the offender into the society, while welfare policies sought to maintain the poor class away from criminality. Finally, in the post-Fordism period, the welfare policies gave way to criminal policies, thus the social control and management of poverty are conducted through the prisons. The mass incarceration of the groups socially segregated, in a policy of zero tolerance, gives the keynote of the present time, as well as the severity of punishments.

With the objective of better understanding the cell phone as a device for cinematographic contents, or simply cine mobile, and in an attempt to get a glimpse of future possibilities for this new medium, this essay compares it with the origins of cinema, the very first actual steps of the illusion of movement, and more specifically with the Mutoscope. And this comparison is not limited to these two technological devices that are representative of two distinct historical periods. The products, a sequence of photograms in the mutoscope s case, and movies in the cell phone s case, and their contours, as well as the socio-cultural background of both ages, shall also be compared, in an attempt to find parallels and divergences between these two devices for moving pictures. In order to help understanding the scope of such possible parallels and divergences, as well as to shed light on the path of possibilities forcinema and mobile telephony, two experts were interviewed, each from a distinct area of expertise (one is a filmmaker, the other is a businessman in the telephony industry). Ultimately, the new questions that are asked are more important than the questions that are answered, for it is the former ones that will further fuel the debate.

One of the main features of postmodernity is the worldwide expansion of capitalism effects, both positive and negatives effects. Money appears to be volatile; the goods become global, being produced and consumed in different continents; different cultures mingle, collide and sometimes originate new cultural expressions; inequalities and tensions grow in geometric scale; and the current social and environmental problems become planetary. In this scenario, the emerging global citizen now requires the States and the market sustainable positions, so that the companies are pressured to incorporate ethical values and to act with social responsibility. This dissertation is a reflection on corporate social responsibility as part of employment relationships, and presents the cardinal facets of this movement, with an indication of relevant historical facts to its emergence, some concepts, distinctions, justification, legal basis, enabling mechanisms, stimulation and accountability tools. It also exposes some views about the scope of the term sustainability, and analyses the connections between social actions of corporations and certain aspects of citizenship. Finally, it suggests ways for this new style of business management, still under development in Brazil, to enforce labor rights.

The objective of this piece of work A Teaching Cooperative Approach in Popular Music Education - CLEMP is to demonstrate aspects of methodological contents of collective learning of music and using rock bands performance in school classrooms. This survey has been based on oral history statements of teachers, staff and students from the Technical School of Sao Paulo, Brazil CEFET, which were used to compile the history of the school and the evolution of their teaching methods as well as the analysis of the growth and improvement of musical skills of 13-16-year-old students attending the first year of Junior High School in 2007. The theoretical reference used to support the ideas contained in this piece of work derived from two schools of psychology: the significant learning of Ausubel, and the social-interactive approach of Vygotsky. The methodological procedure is the qualitative and participative research and selecting three aspects: the explanatory - to provide greater familiarity with the problem; the descriptive - to identify a group of students establishing their personal relationship with their instrument; and finally, the explanatory - to identify the factors that truly contributed to the musical improvement of the team as a whole. This work has made possible important links among the students having a great musical experience and the ones with little experience thus representing their first teamwork interaction which brought them a sense of happiness, friendship and pleasure in learning under a cooperative and natural environment - the appropriate scenario for rock bands musical production and performance.

This paper is an analysis study of bank spreads in South American countries and their relationship with economic freedom. Bank spread is a major element of the cost of credit as it represents the difference between the funding rate and the rate charged on lending operations. Thus, spread is one of the key components for increasing demand for credit in economies, as low spreads reduce borrowing costs and stimulate increased financing for investments, projects and consumption. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of economic freedom and the size of the bank spread in South America countries. The methodology adopted in this dissertation is quantitative, using panel data (cross section combined with time series).

The following research has as main objective estimating the net social benefit of recycling plastic within the electronic sector. Using environmental valuation methodologies and databases from governmental fonts, private and academic sources, it aims to describe the benefits and costs of recycling and using recycled plastics as source of raw material to produce durable goods. In order to estimate that, were used models of environmental evaluation of Motta (2017) called Net Social Benefit of the Recycling, and of Calderoni (2003) called Economic Savings. Besides that, the home appliances sales projection, and the benefit of using recycled plastic for the production of air conditioners was updated to present value. Although the Circular Economy has not yet been adapted and recognized in Brazil, this study concludes that recycling is an advantageous alternative to the growing increase of the electronic materials disposal in the country, and that recycling the plastic, the social benefit linked to this activity is higher than its cost.

Based on the Line of Research, discursive process and textual production , the present work focuses on the relation between the ethos and the discourse. The ethos is revealed through the discourse, in the same way, the discourse is supported by a body and a voice . We followed the Discourse Analysis of French way, backed to the social historic lingüistic process, in the work O Alienista by Machado de Assis. In this corpus (text) we used the Maingueneau s perspective, that each ethos express a different discourse; considering the Aristotle s principle of verisimility who affirms that to the poet is not necessary to tell what happened exactly; but what could have happened. For this perspective, we analysed many fictional ethé in interaction, that results in a dialogue between many ideologies that argument with each other, promoting the text development. In this fictional world, criated by Machado de Assis, we worked with the concepts of poliphony and interdiscursivity. The presence of many voices has a functional purpose, because they are articuled strategically, to visualize the dialogue between many discourses; and, as a result, the conflit between many ideologies. If we look with attention, we will see that O Alienista projects the structure of a fictional world, reported by the narrator s ironical ethos, that denounces the society of his time, or, apart from this, the society that exists in the eternal present.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

The right to health has a new outline under the Constitution of 1988. A right formerly guaranteed only to insured parties and dependents of the social security system, became right to all people and a duty of the State, effected through social and economic policies. In this context, the demands related to the realization of social rights, especially the right to health, are each day more taken to the analysis of legal scholars, who became real agents participating in the implementation of public policies. This phenomenon has transferred to legal scholars, upon justiciability of social rights, the burden of examining certain conditions of public policies that had previously been restricted to public administrators. Thus, this thesis will analyze the positioning of the chief judges of the Federal Circuit Court of the 3rd Circuit in relation to certain economic arguments that impact on the achievement, by the judiciary, of social rights, notably, in this dissertation, the supply of medicines.

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