Repositório RCAAP

This work presents a part of the results of an investigation carried out with tropical fruits Brazilian exporter firms. Research aimed to characterize such companies with the purpose to know its structures, its sate, growth and product's promotion strategies, its marketing plans, main importers markets and the problems faced to export, among other factors. Starting from the results, looked for to diagnose which aspects that play against a better exporter performance to sector and to point to some solutions. Little time of performance in the fruit's market, reduced size of the companies, export's concentration to an market only, consignment sale, lack of forecast of safes and of a marketing program, little importance to market studies, marketing and product's support and the faulty government support are some of the factors that hinder the exports of tropical fruits to European Union markets.

The ornamental plant Portulaca grandiflora Hook is very diffused mainly in the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul. Was founded a large attack of scale insect Pulvinaria ficus Hempel, 1900, in this plant, cultivated in stonecutter. The prepare and determination of scale insect was made on Laboratory of Entomology FEPAGRO, Porto Alegre, RS, been the permanent microslides deposited in collection of Coccoidea, Prof. Ramiro Gomes Costa Museum, of this Institution. The characterization is followed by pictures of adult female in stereomicroscope, optic microscope and scanning electronic microscope. The pictures were made in FaBio and CEMM of PUCRS. P. ficus over there ornamental plants, attacks other economic important plants, as fruit plants. Your recognition is important, a time that presents potential as plague, that be can adopted adequate rules if your control been necessary. Realized, also, the increase of host-list and geographic distribution.

From 1986 to 1995, in Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil, the effects of soil tillage systems and crop rotationwere assessed. Four soil tillage systems 1) no-tillage, 2) minimum tillage, 3) conventional tillage using disk plow,and 4) conventional tillage using moldboard plow and three crop rotation systems [system I (wheat/soybean),system II (wheat/soybean and common vetch/corn or sorghum), and system III (wheat/soybean, black oats orwhite oats/soybean, and common vetch/corn or sorghum)] were compared. An experimental design of blocks atrandom with split-plots and three replications was used. The main plot was formed by the soil tillage systems, whilethe split-plots consisted of the crop rotation systems. Energy conversion (energy produced/energy consumed)and balance (energy produced - energy consumed) during a tem-year period is presented in this paper. For energyconversion and balance, no-tillage (6.38 e 16,252 Mcal/ha) and minimum tillage (6.53 e 16,434 Mcal/ha) presentedthe higher rates, while conventional tillage using disk plow remained in an intermediate position (6.27 e 17,578Mcal/ha) and tillage using moldboard showed the lowest rate (6.06 e 14,987 Mcal/ha), respectively. The croprotation for wheat was more efficient in energy than the monoculture of this cereal. Corn presented the higherefficient in energy.

This paper shows recommendations for controlling the pineapple mealybug and gives suggestionsto adapt to the season, the number of treatments and the volume of the mixture according to the conditions of theRio Grande do Sul, as well as considerations about the comparative costs of the insecticides recommended,destiny of the mixture used, the managing of the contaminated biomass, sanitary situation and longevity of thecrops and needs of research in the State with the objective of reducing losses due to the plagues which, in otherregions, are controlled through of treatment of plants and/or preventive pulverizing of the crops 60, 150 e 240days after the planting, applying, respectively 30, 50 and 70 ml of solution/plant. However, these recommendationsare based on research made in and for areal climatically different from those which prevail in Rio Grande do Sulwhere observations of crop and the behavior of the temperature, precipitation and humidity of the air during theyear indicate that the population of the mealybugs grows from September to May and decreases in the winter. Infunction of this, and taking in account that in Rio Grande do Sul the pineapple shows a slower growing rate, alonger cycle and less productivity of biomass, it is recommended that the crops receive from two to four treatmentsyearly, preferably in the period of the bigger growth of the plague and of the crop (September to Mai), using 70%of the volume of the mixture of the recommended products in other regions. The treating or not of the plants and the choice of the most adequate treatment depends onthe type of scion, preparation of the ground, the gradeof contamination and the season of the year.

They were appraised in the summer and winter of the year of 1991, the incidence of endoparasites in 21 pig farms of the Southwest of Paraná. In each herd were evaluated the diarrhoea in the suckling, weight variation coefficient (VC) at weaning and average daily weight gain (DWG) in the period. The samples of collected feces of the sows and her litters were appraised for the flotation method. In the period of the summer, the Coccids and Strongilids they were the parasites more frequently found in the feces of sows and her litters. In the winter period, the larger occurrence was of Coccids, so much in sows as her litters. DWG and VC were respectively 38g/ day lower and 12% higher in farms where Coccids were demonstrated in piglets feces in comparison to negative farms. 

The effect of Nicotiana glauca and Chrysanthemum vulgaris leave extracts on the humoral response in cattle vaccinated with an inactivated vaccine to bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BHV-5) were examined. Two inactivated oil-adjuvanted BHV-5 vaccines were prepared with an infectious titre (pre-inactivation) of 10 84DICC/ ml, inactivated with binary ethylenimine (BEI) and emulsified in oil adjuvant. Nicotiana glauca and Chrysanthemum vulgaris extracts were added . (5mg of each extract per dose) as a coadjuvant to one of the vaccines (vaccine B). Two groups of nineteen calves were vaccinated with 3 doses (3 ml) at four week intervals between doses. Neutralizing antibody leveis in sera were determined at different time intervals after vaccination. Thirty days after the administration of the third dose the mean neutralizing antibody titre was 96 for vaccine A and 80 for vaccine B. There was no significant difference between the antibody titres induced by the two vaccines (p>0.05). These results indicate that extracts of these plants had no adjuvant effect on the inactivated BHV-5 vaccine .

This text aims to present contributions of labor as an educational principle for the organization of educational work at school. We understand that the organization of educational work should be considered from dialectical relations between the school ‑ as a privileged space for education ‑ and the capitalist mode of production. Accordingly, we list considerations about the relationship between labor and education, which makes sense only if placed within the Marxist critique, namely: 1. The social division of labor expressed in the organization of pedagogical work and the maintenance of the society of classes; 2. The socialist educational proposal with regard to the integration between labor and instruction. In conclusion, we note that Marx’s work can be understood as a reaction to human immobility in face of the capitalist society and of the division of labor into intellectual and manual. In view of the overcoming of the society of classes and the consequent social division of labor, said author stands for the socialization of knowledge to all men so that the working class can possess knowledge as well. Education is seen as an important constitutive element for the revolutionary process that would be undertaken by workers. 

The eugenic discourse is discussed within the context of current genetic technologies by guidelines proposed by Theodor W. Adorno on the concept of progress and development in a society prone to barbarisms, heartlessness and desensitization with regard to the use of genetic interventions on bodies with imperfections or shortcomings. 

Current paper provides partial results of a research that aimed at investigating how discourses from different fields of knowledge have been articulated to produce the pedagogical practices of teachers working with Specialized Educational Assistance (SEA) in multifunctional resource rooms in a city in Rio Grande do Sul. The material produced from semi-structured interviews with five SEA teachers was taken as the empirical object. The research was grounded on the post-structuralist perspective, particularly on Michel Foucault’s ideas. Thus, the concept of discourse has been employed as a theoretical-methodological tool to address, organize and analyze the volume of information produced by the examination of the empirical material. Research results comprise the following: (1) some discourses, particularly legal and psychological ones, have supported the academic and professional education of SEA teachers and have ended up participating in the production of practices performed in the multifunctional resource room; (2) the practices performed in the multifunctional room have mostly emphasized the clinical-therapeutical assistance and more recently on specialized pedagogical assistance. 

Compared to the number of female teachers, the presence of male teachers in primary school is proportionally unequal. Based on this premise, this work intends to investigate the parents’ social representations of primary school students enrolled in the public education in a country town of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, regarding male teachers’ professional performance at this stage of education. For this purpose, content analysis was used, using semi structured interviews as a tool. Three social representations were more frequently identified in the discursive manifestations of respondents: primary school male teachers are more respectable and/or have more authority; primary school male teachers are more rational/balanced than female teachers; primary school male teachers are the father figure at school. Contrary to the representations related to male teachers’ professional performance, social representations related to female teachers’ professional performance were identified. The results indicate that family duties are imposed upon education professionals, including male teachers. It was concluded that, for the interviewed mothers, the preference for male or female teachers is more associated with the fulfillment of family duties than the educator roles. . 

Current paper is the result of a research on twenty-eight starting university teachers in four universities in southern Brazil and seeks to understand their concern on pedagogical discussion spaces as a possible support for the development of their teaching practice. The research started from the point that starting teachers should insert themselves within higher education culture and find pedagogical support to develop their lectures. As a rule, they have recently obtained a doctoral degree, complying with the required academic title for their tenure, but with scanty or no pedagogical preparation. The subjects answered a semi-structured interview, with issues on the challenges, difficulties and possibilities of pedagogical support pointed out when they started their activities. The quantitative data form the corpus analyzed used in the analysis. The paper is based on studies by Garcia (1999, 2009b), Vaillant and Garcia (2012) and others. Results showed that pedagogical education and professional development of university professors, developed through pedagogical spaces, are essential for and welcomed by these teachers. An overall policy is required that valorizes the teaching tasks as fundamental for achieving teaching quality. 

Current paper analyzes the training curriculum of the pre-service teacher in the Undergraduate Course of Education. The aim was to perceive the factors that make the training curriculum a formative activity for teacher trainees. The qualitative research comprised data collection, observation, semi-structured interviews with 22 participants and documental sources. Results showed that the training curriculum may be formative if four points are considered: the Pre-Service Teacher participants’ conceptions; school commitment to teacher´s education; conditions and commitment of schools and teachers in teacher trainees; relationships established in the Pre-Service Teacher process. These elements put practice as central process, coupled to the school´s formal commitment to teacher’s formation. 

This article explores the idea of ‘good textbook’ in France examining the evaluation criteria, produced by publishers, authors, educational advisers and national inspectors of education from 1986 to 2013. Through the analysis of legislative devices, inspection reports, the major news from media (Le Figaro, Le Monde Diplomatique e and Libération) and specialized literature, we conclude that the teaching skills are dominant in all initiatives of producing criteria for the evaluation of textbooks. Support/design and disciplinary knowledge are in second position, followed by concerns of linguistic of accessibility and transmission of values. The text also mentions the difficulties faced by French educational managers to reconcile the right to equality with the right to freedom in education. 

Studies of public policy have grown in Brazil. However, several authors detect the conceptual blurring of themes and others indicate the prevalence of neutral action perspective of the State and the acceptance of the objectivity of public policy. These factors have hampered the comprehension of public policy as a historical product and expression of the State’s organizational processes in capitalism. Current paper analyzes the issue from a political point of view foregrounded on the fact that the close relationship between the neutral and objective treatment of public policies such as ‘State in action’ strengthens the very social cohesion of the capitalist system. The essay questions whether public policies actually aim at the public interest. After baseline studies involving the theme, current article discusses some contributions and, above all, postulates if it is not the case to rethink the adequacy of the expression ‘public policy’, as the term ‘public’, in this definition, definitely concerns the State’s role to reach only certain segments of society and it is not addressed to all. 

Editorial

La Legenda Beati Petri Gundisalvi fue redactada en el siglo XIII y presenta episodios de la vida y los hechos milagrosos atribuidos al dominicano Peter González (1190 (?) - 1246). A pesar de muy mencionada por sus biógrafos, esta obra aún no fue objeto de una edición crítica o de análisis sistemáticos. De esta forma, hay muchas dudas relacionadas a su producción. En este artículo, esta vita es comparada a la Legenda Sancti Dominici, hagiografía dedicada a Domingo de Guzmán, considerado el fundador de la Orden Dominicana. Ese texto fue el primero redactado tras la canonización papal de Domingo, en la segunda mitad de la década de 1230, y es atribuido a Peter Ferrando. El enfoque de mi reflexión es el tratamiento dado a la educación de Peter González y de Domingo de Guzmán en las legendas. El objetivo es identificar y debatir si las dos obras comparten de la misma perspectiva sobre el estudio, contribuyendo para la discusión sobre la formación de una identidad dominicana en el transcurrir del siglo XIII. 

The text was drawn from results of research carried out between 2010 and 2012. The objective was to understand the state of research and intellectual production in the area of Didactic in Southern Brazil. The documentary analysis methodology, working with documents available online was applied. The research was carried out with 9 Postgraduate Program in Education, 12 research lines, 115 professors, 244 research projects and 1730 publications. It was concluded that there is a great number of research and publication on the investigative field of Didactics and on the dimension of its foundation, but very little on the disciplinary and professional fields and on the conditions and ways of teaching. It is noteworthy that only a transformative practice can help change the reality of the school, the quality of teacher formation, of learning and mental development of the students. 

El texto trata de la inspección pública primaria, particularmente de aquella que fue ejercida por los inspectores parroquiales, considerada como una de las formas de manifestación de la política para la educación. Las investigaciones sobre los informes y oficios de la instrucción pública primaria en el período provincial paranaense (1853-1889) muestran cuestiones del cotidiano escolar y, sobre todo, de las relaciones del profesor con las autoridades responsables por la administración y por el control del trabajo en las escuelas. El objetivo del texto es profundizar los conocimientos sobre la inspección parroquial y los consejos literarios en cuanto componentes de la inspección que se hacía presente en las relaciones entre los profesores y el inspector. La metodología se inserta en la investigación documental, en el análisis de las fuentes y en el entrecruzamiento de los datos proporcionados por los informes y oficios con la legislación provincial de Paraná. Se concluye que mismo con una relativa organización legal en lo que se refería a la distribución de funciones administrativas y de control de la instrucción pública, esta permanencia bastante precaria en el final del período provincial, una vez que, solamente con el avance de las relaciones sociales de producción de la vida material, la escuela se volvería necesaria.  

The Editorial Board of Acta Scientiarum. Education would like to thank the referees listed below for their critical appreciation of articles submitted for Volume 37, n. 1 (2015).   

The aim of this essay is to discuss the inclusion of deaf students in regular classrooms as the laws dictate, which is supported by an inclusive educational perspective. This is qualitative approach study with bibliographical survey according to the topic and the main documents of the deafness area from 2002, since the Brazilian Language of Signals (Libras) became official, through the Law 10436, until 2014, on the occasion of the ‘Report on Linguistics Policies of Bilingual Education – Brazilian Language of Signals and Portuguese Language’. In this way, the article aims to present the perspective of inclusion of the Ministry of Education (MEC) and the deaf community, which are opposite. The methodologies of bilingualism and deaf pedagogy are shown as proposals respecting the linguistic and cultural differences among deaf students and, consequently, provide them with an effective process of regular education, whereas the inclusion of deaf students in regular classrooms, with the same methodological strategies, has resulted in an increasing number of illiterate deaf students unable to evolve in studies and in other aspects of life..