Repositório RCAAP

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of cryoprotective solution (PVS2) combined with phloroglucinol for the cryopreservation of seeds of two orchid species, Encyclia cordigera and Epidendrum ciliare. Seeds of Encyclia cordigera had 91.03% initial viability and 91.99% germination. The treatment of the seeds with PVS2 at 0 °C with 1% phloroglucinol for 60 min returned 93.79% viability and 91.01% germination after recovery from LN, consequently resulting in faster development of protocorms. For Epidendrum ciliare, seed viability was 85.65% and germination was 85.90%. Seed exposure to the PVS2 at 0 °C with 1% phloroglucinol for 180 min showed viability of 39.23% and germination of 37.88%. Despite lower germination, 78.90% of the protocorms reached stage P3 of development, when evaluated 45 days after sowing, not significantly different from the control 1, and showed normal development. These results indicate that PVS2 cryoprotective solution is efficient when combined with phloroglucinol for the cryopreservation and successful recovery of seeds of Encyclia cordigera and Epidendrum ciliare. The present study also indicates that response to cryopreservation and success of recovery after cold storage is species-specific and requires adjustments in exposure time to PVS2 at 0 °C prior to immersion in LN.

Abstract The advance of the agricultural frontier in the north of Río Negro led to the land on the plateau being used for dryland livestock production. Livestock practices such as these result in an ecological imbalance that involves the spontaneous plant species in the scrublands. In this study, the species that grow spontaneously in this area were identified, as well as their specific richness and distribution. The native species were related to cattle consumption and the exotic species to toxic potential. The Sörensen similarity index was calculated to express the degree of similarity between the sites. The study area included 59 families, 197 genera and 300 species of vascular plants. The most representative families being the Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae and Chenopodiaceae. The highest percentage of species consumed were native and 66% of the exotic species are potentially toxic to cattle. The Riparian Zone presented a greater number of exotic species. The highest similarity was between the Plateau Plain and the Foot of Escarpment. The information provided is a basis for evaluative studies between dryland cattle production and plant conservation in the Middle Valley of Río Negro.

Abstract Oreopanax fulvus is a species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, assessed as rare and vulnerable in the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul, respectively. This adverse situation requires conservation actions that must be supported by the understanding of its autecology. We aimed to identify the phenological patterns of O. fulvus populations from two Araucaria Rainforest remnants in Paraná. Monthly phenology monitoring of 19 trees in each site was performed over 24 months. We quantified the vegetative (i.e., leaf flushing, mature leaves, and leaf-senescence) and reproductive phenophases (i.e., buds production, blooming, immature, and mature fruits). Circular statistics based on activity index were applied to identify the phenophases seasonality. Spearman correlations were performed among phenophases and meteorological parameters. Leaf flushing and mature leaves were recorded in all months, with a decrease of mature leaves during November and December. Leaf-senescence was seasonal, occurring from May to December. The reproductive phenophases were seasonal: blooming from January to May; and fruiting from March to November, with fruits starting to mature in September. Vegetative and reproductive phenophases were highly influenced by average temperature and photoperiod. Although there were dissimilarities in reproductive phenological patterns, the different populations studied had similar phenological performances.

Abstract Parodia carambeiensis is a rupicolous, small-sized species, with globose cladode and showy flowers, and is the only endemic Cactaceae species in Paraná State (Brazil). Changes in natural landscapes and fragmentation isolate populations, increasing their vulnerability to local extinctions. Our aim was to verify the spatial distribution of P. carambeiensis, reviewing its conservation status and main threats in the distribution area. Expeditions were carried out in the Campos Gerais region to record the abundance, density and spatial distribution of P. carambeiensis populations. Local landscape and climatic variables as well as the joint effect of these with geographical distance, were analyzed. Our findings highlighted that population density differs among the studied sites and was driven by distinct levels of anthropic threats such as livestock, tourism, wildfires and their proximity to highways, along with the climatic variables evaluated (temperature range and precipitation). The models jointly explained 56% of the variation in the population density, which was mostly influence by climatic factors. Parodia carambeiensis is currently classified as (LC) least concern, however, our results provide strong evidence in favor of updating its status to (EN) endangered due to the elevated extinction risk of natural populations.

Abstract Capitinga is poorly studied vegetation growing on small, scattered islands of fine, white sand surrounded by the latosol forests on the eastern flank of the Chapada Diamantina Mountains in northeastern Brazil. Our study characterized capitinga vegetation, its environmental features, and compared its flora with the vegetation mosaic within the Espinhaço and Chapada Diamantina ranges. Floristic data was collected from 1999-2006, and phytosociological surveys were undertaken in 2004-2005 and 2016-2017 within fifteen 50 x 2 m plots (100 m2 each, 1500 m2 in total). Multivariate grouping and ordination analysis were used to examine the floristic affinities of capitinga vegetation. Sixty different species from 36 families were recorded overall, while a total of 4945 individuals distributed among 25 families and 33 species were recorded in the plots. The richest families were Fabaceae (7) and Apocynaceae (5), while the most abundant families were Arecaceae (61.5% of all individuals) and Velloziaceae (18.4%), represented by Syagrus harleyi and Vellozia dasypus respectively. Capitinga represents a distinct habitat conditioned by edaphic features, and its flora is unlike other vegetations in the Espinhaço or Chapada Diamantina ranges, with several locally endemic species.

Abstract “Nanicão Corupá” (Musa acuminata) comes from Southern Brazil. The tropical climate in the region provides unique characteristics, including a sweeter flavor. This difference resulted in a Geographical Indication Recognition and Designation of Origin, recognized by the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in Brazil. Considering that “Nanicão Corupá” has some peculiarities related to the climate and there are no studies evaluating this banana cultivars, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative phenolic composition of the aerial parts of “Nanicão Corupá” by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in comparison to 46 commercial standards of phenolic compounds. Aerial parts (flower, leaves, fruit and stem) of “Nanicão Corupá” were collected and macerated in methanolic extracts, which were partitioned with solvents of different polarities (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed using the sample pre-treatment, chromatographic and mass spectrometer parameters. Results demonstrated that a total of 11 phenolic compounds were identified in the analyzed samples. The majority of compounds was identified in the ethyl acetate fraction (BFEF) of banana flowers: rutin (36.06 ± 0.23) and isoquercetin (28.83 ± 5). The compounds isoquercetin, naringerin and myricitrin were identified for the first time in the Musa genus.

Abstract The Cactacea family comprises 128 genera and 1450 species with predominantly neotropical distribution. Cacti are commonly found in arid and semi-arid regions and have great ecological relevance due to their interactions with animals and other groups of plants. Abiotic interactions, such as topography, altitude, rainfall, temperature and soils, also influence the composition and distribution of cacti. The objective of the present study was to assess patterns of species composition and distribution for cacti along an elevation gradient in Brazilian Caatinga vegetation. Four transects (composed by 25 plots of 100 m² each) were established at each of two mountain sites. The topographic variables of elevation, slope, rockiness and soil depth were evaluated to determine if they affect the distribution of richness and abundance of cacti along the elevation gradient using Spearman's (rs) correlation coefficient. A total of 554 individuals of five cacti species (Pilosocereus gounellei, Pilosocereus pachycladus, Tacinga palmadora, Tacinga inamoena and Melocactus zehntneri) were sampled. Cacti richness and abundance were found to be negatively correlated with elevation, slope and rockiness, and positively correlated with soil depth (p<0.05). All species exhibited aggregate spatial distribution patterns, which may be related to different environmental conditions produced by interactions among topographic variables (slopes, rockiness and soil depth), that synergistically influence the patterns of species richness and abundance along the elevation gradient.

Abstract The relationship between phenology and environmental factors is critical to understanding population dynamics in environmental gradients. We evaluated phenological variations in Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth in sites with contrasting water resource availability in caatinga, cerrado/caatinga transition, and cerrado in the Chapada Diamantina, Brazil. The phenophases of 81 individuals (n = 27 individuals/area) were recorded monthly for 12 months. Multiple regression, Spearman correlation, circular statistics, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and Morisita-Horn indices were used to test relationships between phenophases and abiotic factors, phenological seasonality, diversity, and similarities between the three populations. The vegetative behaviors in the study sites were distinct in terms of their intensity, seasonality, and synchrony; but reproductive phenophases maintained similar characteristics. Phenological events were positively related to rainfall and soil water availability. C. heliotropiifolius populations exhibited high levels of vegetative phenological diversity, except in the caatinga during the dry season. Reproductive phenological diversity varied along the studied period in the three sites, with higher reproductive than vegetative similarities among populations. Differences in soil types and rainfall volumes in the dry season, even at small distances, therefore make the savanna/caatinga gradient a suitable model for investigating phenological responses related to plant eco-hydrological strategies in seasonally tropical dry ecosystems.

Abstract Dendrophthora and Phoradendron are neotropical genera of mistletoes belonging to the tribe Phoradendreae. The phylogenetic relationships between these two genera are still not entirely understood and, morphologically, Dendrophthora differs from Phoradendron solely by the presence of one, anther locule, as opposed to two in the latter. This study provides a synopsis of species of both genera for Brazil, where we revised all the names with Brazilian types or cited for the country. A total of 173 names were evaluated and the presence of 44 taxa in Brazil was confirmed: three species of Dendrophthora and 41 of Phoradendron. An identification key for the confirmed taxa is proposed and taxonomic comments are elaborated, along with an iconography, geographic distribution of the taxa, and original illustrations and photos of some species. Six new synonyms are proposed in Dendrophthora, and 12 in Phoradendron; 27 names are lectotypified.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate color characteristics in wood samples from Acacia mangium from a homogeneous plantation in Bahia state, northeast Brazil, and also analyze the influence of anatomical section and radial position in the trunk on color response to contribute to information for the best use of the wood, such as, for example, the optimization of the performance of the pieces in sawmill through the most acceptable aesthetic form by the final consumer. Six trees with age of 14 years were cut. The species was identified by anatomical analysis at the Laboratory of Wood Anatomy of the Federal University of Paraná, comparing the sample collected with the authenticated material. A disc from the base of each tree was divided into six samples oriented in anatomical sections (transversal, radial and tangential), with dimensions of 20 × 20 × 30mm, named near pith, intermediate and near bark. A total of 36 samples were evaluated, 12 from each position. The colorimetric evaluation was performed with a CM-5 spectrophotometer. Data on lightness, green-red and blue-yellow chromatic coordinates were obtained, and values of saturation and hue angle were calculated. Acacia wood from planted forest is classified as olive color. Color parameters were influenced by anatomical section and radial position in the trunk, being found 44 for the transversal section, 55 for the tangential section and 57 in the radial for luminosity. Transversal sections had lower values in comparison to longitudinal surfaces and radial sections had higher luminosity than tangential sections. The near bark region presented lower values in most colorimetric parameters, except hue angle, in comparison with the intermediate and near pith regions, which was around 70 in the different positions of the wood.

Abstract Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) includes more than 300 species of perennial or annual herbs, frequently found on poorly drained soils. The species are morphologicaly similar, and the taxonomy is difficult because their vegetative and reproductive structures are very reduced. Previous study on the stem architecture in the subgenus Limnochloa showed that anatomical features help in the interpretation of the evolution, taxonomy and ecological aspects of the group. Our objectives were to add new characters from the stem (= culm) structure, to explore the characters in a greater number of Eleocharis species, representatives of the other subgenera, and add these data in a new phylogenetic analysis with molecular data. The study covered 68 species obtained from herbaria and fixed material. In addition to the stem architecture, the internal organization of the tissues, the cross-section format, the presence or absence of stretched cells in aerenchyma air gaps and the plant size were included in the morphological analysis. Our data confirm that spongy aerenchyma pattern is the ancestral condition while the mixed and septate patterns occurred independent and punctually. Only the cross-section format was variable among specimens while the other characters were uniform and relevant for taxonomic use.

Abstract Ruderal plants are important they are used for animal (e.g., beekeeping/pasture) and human food. Many of these plants present multiple reproductive strategies that ensure that they remain in disturbed environments. Therefore, we investigated the sexual reproduction and regeneration by regrowth of the forage ruderal Macroptillium lathyroides in an anthropized area to support management of this species after cutting or grazing and determine its requirements for seed production and conditions for commercial use. We assessed the occurrence of reproduction through regeneration and species dependence on pollinators. M. lathyroides has an axial underground system capable of regrowth but not propagation post-cut. Its flowers last about eight hours and are papilionate, asymmetrical, hermaphrodite, nectariferous, vinaceous and diurnal. They present secondary pollen that is transferred to the trichomes of the style. The species is self-compatible and presents spontaneous self-pollination. The small bee Exomalopsis cf. auropilosa, was the only pollinator since it activated the brush-type pollination mechanism while gathering nectar/pollen. The species depends on seeds to propagate or maintain a seed bank, since all plants do not regrow after cutting. Thus, sexual reproduction is necessary, but pollinators are not since it is not pollinator independent.

Abstract Environmental filtering has been defined as the effect of environmental gradients on species in a plant community and can be the dominant driver of community assembly. Here, we evaluate the relationship between plant communities and the environment in the Restinga vegetation. For this, we measured 11 functional traits of plant species present along transects covering a marked edaphic environmental gradient. This gradient was characterized through Principal Component Analysis of soil characteristics. The relationships between the edaphic gradient and functional traits were evaluated using linear models. Finally, we compared the contributions of species turnover and intraspecific variation to among-site variation in functional traits. The gradients associated with soil nutrients (PCA axis 1) and soil acidity and organic matter (PCA axis 2) were then used to test the observed changes in community composition and were significant predictors of the distribution of water potential, leaf dry matter content and K content, height and chlorophyll index. Decomposing the total variation in the distribution of functional traits between species turnover and intraspecific variation revealed that species turnover explains a greater proportion of the observed variation. We conclude that community assembly is strongly limited by environmental filters and mediated by functional traits at the species level.

Abstract Myrcia is the sole genus of the Myrciinae, one of the nine subtribes of Myrteae (Myrtaceae). The Amazon forest holds about one-quarter of the Brazilian species of Myrcia, but the genus is still understudied in this whole region. In this context, this study presents a floristic survey of Myrcia in the permanent plots of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP), in Amazonas state, Brazil. The genus is represented by 36 species in the study area, comprehending 32% of its total richness in the Brazilian Amazon forest, with 19 of them endemic to this domain. Myrcia neospeciosa is reported as a new occurrence for Amazonas state and M. grandis is recorded for the first time from upland terra firme forests on clayish soils. Myrcia cuspidata, a species with calyptrate flowers, is classified under Myrcia sect. Aulomyrcia, representing the second taxon of the genus with this feature removed from Myrcia sect. Calyptranthes. Finally, morphological aspects of the infra-generic categories of Myrcia are reported more overlapping than previously thought. A map containing the location of the study area, an identification key, descriptions, comments, and figures are provided.

Abstract The term “sempre-viva” denotes plants whose structures retain their natural form and color after being cut and dried. For these reasons, they are commercially valuable for ornamental purposes. However, due to extractive overexploitation of their inflorescences, some of these species are considered endangered. The genus Comanthera includes the sempre-vivas species with greatest economic importance in Brazil. Previous studies have shown that tissue culture is a workable strategy for in vitro propagation and conservation of species of this genus. However, these studies are still incipient. Therefore, the objective of this review is to summarize the findings on the in vitro cultivation of species of the Comanthera genus, to serve as the basis for future research. The text is structured in two main topics: micropropagation and in vitro conservation.

Abstract Asteraceae family is as an interesting target for researching natural alternatives for crop protection. Many species from this family grow as weeds, and some of them can influence the development of other species by the allelopathy phenomenon. This paper aimed to review the literature for the main genera and species of the Asteraceae family with allelopathic or phytotoxic potential, as well as the classes of secondary metabolites present in this family and responsible for such activity. Artemisia, Ambrosia, Bellis, Bidens, Helianthus and Tagetes were identified as the main genera with phytotoxic or allelopathic activity. Among the secondary metabolites from this family, terpenes, polyacetylenes, saponins, sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids and flavonoids were described as responsible for inhibiting the development of other species. In addition, the phytotoxic potential of Acmella oleracea and Sphagneticola trilobata against the weeds Calopogonium mucunoides. and Ipomoea purpurea was described for the first time. At 0.2 mg/mL, crude extract and fractions of A. oleracea inhibited above 60% of C. mucunoides root growth. Hydroalcoholic extract and fractions of S. trilobata, except hexane, significantly affected I. purpurea root growth, ranging from 38 ± 14% to 59 ± 8% of inhibitory effect at different concentrations (0.19 mg/mL to 1.13 mg/mL).

Abstract In this paper we present an overview of the abstracts, scientific and social programs, field trips, and achievements in terms of participant number, represented countries, sponsorships, and themes treated during the Sixth International Conference on the Comparative Biology of Monocotyledons that took place in Natal, Brazil, October 7th -12th 2018. Some comments received by the organizers and a few suggestions for organizers of the next meeting, in Costa Rica, are also provided. The conference’s complete abstract book was published and provide additional information.

The interaction between the surface and groundwater occurs in a dynamic and interconnected way allowing the use of direct and indirect methods for hydro-geological characterization and its contribution to the surface flow. The recession rates and the groundwater flow can be obtained by using the Barnes' Method. Precipitation is the main component associated with the aquifer recharge process and may also be expressed as a Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI). This work presents recharge data sets based on the separation of the surface hydrograph for the Paraopeba and Sapucaí river basins, in Minas Gerais State. The effect of precipitation on groundwater recharge in the Sapucaí basin is more significant than that of the Paraopeba basin due to predominant land-use and its water and climatic regimes. The contribution of the base flow to total runoff in the Sapucaí basin could exceed 70% in some sub-basins, especially those near the Mantiqueira Range, demonstrating that even in areas with high rainfall concentration the influence of the Atlantic Forest in this process is highly significant.

Tradicionalmente la calidad del agua es monitoreada y evaluada a través de datos recolectados en localidades previamente escogidas. Los depósitos de material en los embalses reducen su capacidad funcional. Los factores que más afectan la calidad son: sedimentos en suspensión en la superficie, clorofila-a y nutrientes. La modelación y el monitoreamiento del estado biogeoquímico dos embalses pueden ser realizados usando datos obtenidos con sensores remotos. Parámetros relacionados con la calidad del agua tales como la concentración de clorofila-a y la profundidad del disco secchi, pueden ser hallados con una alta correlación, a través de las variables espectrales transformadas y derivadas de las bandas 1, 2, 3 y 4 del satélite LANDSAT 5TM. Construimos los modelos de respuestas estimadas en relación a los valores de clorofila-a. Para eso, utilizamos modelos poblacionales de regresión linear simples y múltiples, cuyos parámetros están asociados a los datos de reflectancia de las bandas 2 y 4 de la sub-imagen del satélite, así como a los datos de clorofila-a obtenidos en las 25 estaciones de muestreo. De acuerdo con los análisis físico-químicos realizados, las características del agua en el embalse Rio Tercero, correspondieron a un agua dulce, algo dura y bicarbonatada cálcica. El agua pudo ser clasificada apta para ser utilizada como fuente de una planta potabilizadora, excelente para riego por su baja peligrosidad salina, sódica y bajo contenido de carbonato de sodio residual y no apta para consumo animal por su bajo contenido en sales.

Este artigo analisa a variação da precipitação na bacia hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia no período de duas décadas, tomando como base as estações pluviométricas do banco de dados HidroWeb, da Agência Nacional de Águas, nos anos de 1983, 1993 e 2003. As informações foram sistematizadas e tratadas a partir de métodos hidrológicos como método de contorno e interpolação por krigagem ordinária. O tratamento considerou a consistência dos dados das estações e os períodos de estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que o volume total de água precipitada anualmente não se alterou significativamente nos 20 anos estudados, ocorrendo, no entanto, uma significativa variação em sua distribuição espacial. Analisando-se as isoietas e o volume precipitado constatou-se que houve deslocamento da precipitação, no sentido Tocantins Baixo (TOB) aproximadamente de 10% do volume total precipitado. Tal deslocamento pode estar ligado a mudanças globais e/ou pode ser causado por atividades antrópicas ou fenômenos naturais regionais, cuja análise foge ao escopo deste trabalho.