Repositório RCAAP

We investigated the longitudinal relationship between physical fitness (flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility components) and subsequent change in academic achievement across one school year. We also examined whether this longitudinal relationship differed as a function of pupils’ age, controlling for sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. Academic achievement in terms of marks in Portuguese and mathematics was recorded from 142 pupils (M = 14.59 years; SD = 1.99, range 11–18), between autumn 2017 and summer 2018. The physical fitness components, including flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility, were assessed at the baseline (i.e., at the beginning of the school year). Latent change score modelling revealed that higher physical fitness level at baseline significantly predicted a subsequent improvement in academic achievement across the school year. This longitudinal relationship was significantly stronger in younger compared to older pupils. Physical fitness and its interaction with age predicted 45.7% of the variance in the change in academic achievement. In conclusion, a better physical fitness profile including flexibility, functional strength, and running speed-agility explains a subsequent improvement in academic achievement. This longitudinal relationship seems to be age-dependent.

Background.—Headache in ischemic stroke survivors after the acute stage is incompletely described. Objective.—We aimed to prospectively describe the characteristics of headache and the predictors of headache at the chronic stage after ischemic stroke. Methods.—We conducted a prospective observational cohort study including 102 acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to a Stroke Unit. Patients were interviewed at the acute and the chronic stage (12 months after stroke). Characteristics of those headaches were collected using a previously validated headache questionnaire enabling headache classification following the International Headache Society criteria. Pre-stroke headache history was registered using the same instrument. Results.—Forty-five patients out of 89 with completed follow-up (51%) reported headache at the chronic stage. In most of the patients, headache was sporadic, mild, pressure-like, with a duration of minutes to hours, with characteristics of tension-type headache in 51% (n = 23/45). Headache was a reactivation of pre-stroke headache in 33% (n = 15/45), different from pre-stroke headache in 44% (n = 20/45), and of new-onset in 22% (n = 10/45). Only 1 patient had a new-onset headache at the acute stage that persisted with the same characteristics at the chronic stage. Pre-stroke headache (OR = 5.3; 95% CI [2.01-13.98] P = .001) and female sex (OR = 3.5; 95% CI [1.3-9.4] P = .013) predicted headache at the chronic stage after stroke, controlling for age, severity, and location of stroke. Conclusions.—Headache in ischemic stroke survivors at the chronic stage is more frequent in women and in patients with pre-stroke headache. It is most frequently a headache with different characteristics of the pre-stroke headache and only rarely a new-onset headache starting at the acute stage and persisting at the chronic stage.

O estudo que em seguida se apresenta, propõe-se desenvolver uma reflexão sobre a importância das Ordens Monástico Militares, mais concretamente a da Ordem de Cristo, na produção de elementos de Falerística (Condecorações/Insígnias) na Joalharia Barroca Portuguesa, abordando-a no âmbito de um contexto socioeconómico e cultural. Os objetos falerísticos, são pensados a partir da sua dimensão comunicante, suportes de mensagens e inscrições sociais, que se, por um lado, os tornam comunicadores por excelência, das mensagens não verbais, por outro, conferem ao corpo como à joia um estatuto especial dentro da realidade social do homem ocidental. Essa dimensão comunicante será aprofundada, procurando explorar a temática do adorno, enquanto objeto de joalharia, no âmbito das artes decorativas, mas em particular da joia e a sua relação com o corpo, tanto numa perspetiva individual, da relação com o ser interior, como na relação com o exterior, com o outro e com o meio. A joia como objeto de uso, portadora de símbolos e de significados, objeto de desejo, de contemplação e marcador de uma identidade desde tempos ancestrais. Mas também a joia como objeto que se projeta e que se constrói, no sentido de estar associada ao estatuto social, a uma linguagem hermética e simbólica, mas também, a uma nova exploração de formas e materiais, caraterísticos de uma época.

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O comandante de um barco acaba de chegar ao Egipto, provavelmente a Elefantina, vindo de uma viagem à Núbia. A expedição não terá corrido da melhor forma, pois teme enfrentar o faraó. Para o confortar, um passageiro conta-lhe uma história fantástica, destinada a mostrar-lhe que mesmo nas piores circunstâncias é sempre possível um volte face. Numa outra viagem em que participou foi o único sobrevivente de um naufrágio provocado por uma violenta tempestade onde pereceram todos os tripulantes do seu barco. Acabou por ir parar a uma ilha maravilhosa, a ilha do Ka, onde se deparou com o seu único habitante, um deus-serpente. Recebido como algo de insignificante e desprezível, acabou por ser confidente da enorme serpente que, no fim, lhe permitiu regressar ao Egipto e alcançar a felicidade. É para este texto que apresentamos uma explicação à luz da época e da civilização em que se integra.

A exposição Quinze Anos de Obras Públicas (1932-1947), decorrida por empenho oficial em Lisboa, em 1948, apresentou o progresso alcançado no domínio das obras públicas e comunicações desde 1932. Realizada num contexto de legitimação do Estado Novo como regime moderno e socialmente empenhado no pós-guerra, a exposição enquadrou-se numa lógica de recuperação e adaptação de estratégias propagandísticas empregues na década de 1930. Neste artigo, consideramos tratar-se de uma exposição política que funcionou como mecanismo de suporte da permanência do regime, com afinidades conceptuais com certames de temática similar realizados sob Hitler e Franco. Através do cruzamento de fontes e bibliografia, e comparando a exposição de 1948 com exposições oficiais portuguesas anteriores, são analisados dois aspetos pouco explorados pela historiografia: o recurso a uma comissão executiva próxima do Governo e a decoradores com atividade comprovada e coadunada com a estética oficial, e o emprego de uma linguagem expositiva já testada anteriormente, embora relegando o papel simbólico das artes plásticas para um plano secundário. Argumenta-se que tais fatores contribuíram para sustentar o objetivo da exposição de transmissão de sentimentos de pertença coletiva como o combate a movimentos oposicionistas, através da tónica no progresso infraestrutural a nível nacional, fundamento da estratégia de melhoramentos rurais então lançada, e no triunfo da regeneração proporcionada pelo regime sobre a decadência prévia.

Seizures are not only a frequent complication of stroke but have been associated with an unfavorable functional and vital outcome of patients who have had stroke. Facing a new paradigm of acute standard stroke care, acute symptomatic seizures in this clinical setting deserve to be rethought. Reperfusion therapies, the gold standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke, improve long-term survival and outcome of patients who have had stroke and have been associated both with clinical seizures and the occurrence of epileptiform activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG). This narrative review describes the different physiopathological mechanisms underlying the possible association between reperfusion therapies and seizures, both acute symptomatic seizures and unprovoked seizures, and the current evidence regarding the risk of poststroke seizures in treated patients. It also identifies the gaps in our knowledge to foster future studies in this field. By different mechanisms, reperfusions therapies may have opposing effects on the risk of poststroke seizures. There is a need for a better definition of the specific physiopathology of seizures in clinical practice, as many factors can be recognized. Additionally, most of the current clinical evidence refers to acute symptomatic seizures and not to unprovoked seizures or poststroke epilepsy, and our analysis does not support the existence of a strong association between thrombolysis and poststroke seizures. So far, the impact of reperfusion therapies on the frequency of poststroke seizures is unclear. To study this effect, many clinical challenges must be overcome, including a better and clear operational definition of seizures and stroke characteristics, the standard of stroke and epilepsy care and EEG monitoring, and the degree of reperfusion success. Prospective, high quality, larger, and longer follow-up multicentric studies are urgently needed. Additionally, stroke registries can also prove useful in better elucidate whether there is an association between reperfusion therapies and seizures.

It is often held that to have a conscious experience presupposes having some form of implicit self-awareness. The most dominant phenomenological view usually claims that we essentially perceive experiences as our own. This is the so called “mineness” character, or dimension of experience. According to this view, mineness is not only essential to conscious experience, it also grounds the idea that pre-reflective self-awareness constitutes a minimal self. In this paper, we show that there are reasons to doubt this constituting role of mineness. We argue that there are alternative possibilities and that the necessity for an adequate theory of the self within psychopathology gives us good reasons to believe that we need a thicker notion of the pre-reflective self. To this end, we develop such a notion: the Pre-Reflective Situational Self. To do so, we will first show how alternative conceptions of pre-reflective self-awareness point to philosophical problems with the standard phenomenological view. We claim that this is mainly due to fact that within the phenomenological account the mineness aspect is implicitly playing several roles. Consequently, we argue that a thin interpretation of pre-reflective self-awareness—based on a thin notion of mineness—cannot do its needed job within, at least within psychopathology. This leads us to believe that a thicker conception of pre-reflective self is needed. We, therefore, develop the notion of the pre-reflective situational self by analyzing the dynamical nature of the relation between self-awareness and the world, specifically through our interactive inhabitation of the social world.

The general aims of this thesis were: 1) to examine the C2, V3 and C3 envelope regions ofHIV-1 and HIV-2 at the molecular, evolutionary and structural levels; 2) to compare HIV-1and HIV-2 susceptibility to entry inhibitors and assess their potential value in HIV-2therapy; 3) to produce a new fusion inhibitor peptide using evolutionary biology basedstrategies.In the first study (Chapter 2), HIV-1 and HIV-2 were compared at the molecular,evolutionary and structural levels in the C2, V3 and C3 envelope regions. We identifiedsignificant structural and functional constrains to the diversification and evolution of C2,V3 and C3 in the HIV-2 envelope but not in HIV-1. In particular, we found that V3 in HIV-2is less exposed and more conserved than in HIV-1, suggesting fundamental differences inthe biology and infection of these viruses as well as in their susceptibility to entryinhibitors.In the second study (Chapter 3) we measured the baseline susceptibility of HIV-1 and HIV-2primary isolates to different fusion inhibitors and coreceptor antagonists, includingenfuvirtide (T-20) and maraviroc (MVC). MVC inhibited HIV-2 R5 variants at significantlyhigher IC90 concentrations than HIV-1 variants. Moreover, as previously found in HIV-1,susceptibility of HIV-2 R5 variants to MVC was inversely related with CD4+ T cell counts attime of virus isolation. These results suggest that the structure of the envelope complex ofR5 variants changes along the course of infection. More importantly, the results call fornew clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of MVC in HIV-2 infection and to determine itsbest therapeutic dosage in early and late stage disease. We also provide definitiveevidence demonstrating that T-20 is not useful for HIV-2 therapy.In the final study (Chapter 4), we designed a new HIV fusion inhibitor peptide (P3) basedon the ancestral sequences of the HIV-2 and SIV envelope genes. P3 has an a-helixstructure as demonstrated by circular dichroism. It has broad antiviral activity at thenanomolar range against HIV-1 and HIV-2 primary isolates, including HIV-1 variantsresistant to T-20. Binding ELISA assays and selection of resistant mutants suggest that P3prevents viral fusion by binding to the transmembrane protein in the HR1 region. Thesestudies provide proof of concept that viable antiviral peptides can be constructed usingevolutionary biology strategies. Such strategies should be explored to enhance theproduction of peptide drugs and vaccines.

Introduction: Identifying the cause of ischemic stroke in young adults is often difficult. Our objective was to compare the etiologic diagnostic strategy for ischemic stroke in young adults between 2 European centers and investigate the influence of workup variations in the diagnosed etiologies. Patients and methods: We included patients aged 18-55 years admitted for ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack to the stroke units of Santa Maria Hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, and Innsbruck University Hospital in Innsbruck, Austria, between 2014 and 2016. Etiology and diagnostic procedures were compared between centers. Results: We included 156 patients from Innsbruck University Hospital and 110 patients from Santa Maria Hospital. Search for intracranial large-vessel disease was performed mainly by computed tomography/magnetic resonance angiography in Innsbruck (83.9% versus 52.7%; P < .01) and by transcranial Doppler in Lisbon (91.8% versus 43.2%; P < .01). Transoesophageal echocardiography was preferred in Innsbruck for detecting paradoxical embolism (80.0% versus 68.2%; P < .05), whereas in Lisbon contrast transcranial Doppler was preferred (80.9% versus 3.9%; P < .01). For investigation of other causes, Lisbon patients were more commonly screened for thrombophilia (100.0% versus 92.3%; P < .05) and autoimmune disorders (91.7% versus 44.5%; P < .01) while in Innsbruck consultation by other specialists was more frequent (51.6% versus 10.0%; P < .01). No significant differences were found in etiologies between centers. Conclusion: The differences in diagnostic workup did not influence etiologic diagnosis. Extensive laboratory testing does not seem to influence diagnosis of stroke of other determined cause, emphasizing the importance of a clinically-oriented approach for the etiologic diagnosis of stroke in young adults.

In recent years we have seen the rise of a new framework within the study of the mind, namely Predictive Processing (PP). This framework essentially holds that the brain is a prediction machine constantly postulating perceptual models which are tested against incoming (sensory) information. At the same time, the notion of the minimal or core self has become very influential as a way of explaining, or explaining away, pre-reflective self-awareness. The four most widely discussed alternatives for thinking through the metaphysical implications the pre-reflective sense of self are the standard phenomenological view, the substance view, the no-self view and by now the relational view. In this paper, it is our objective to rethink the notion of the sense of self in the context of PP. Now, PP is often held to be a unifying framework that offers a new integrated account of perception, cognition, imagination, and indeed the pre-reflective sense of self. We will show, however, that PP has been taken to endorse rather too many different metaphysical accounts of self: that is, views about how we should regard the ultimate nature of self. What we need to do, if possible, is to use PP to constrain the theories on offer. Here we focus upon two central constraints that we think PP implies. These are, the mutability constraint and the multi-layereredness constraint. We argue that self-views laid out in terms of the PP framework are usually – to some degree – located within the four standard metaphysical accounts of self. However, we think that realist versions of self-accounts seem to have more trouble in respecting the PP constraints or requirements. The reason, or so we believe, is PP’s mutability constraint. This does not have to be the case and we, therefore, propose an alternative realist view – namely the pre-reflective situational self view – which is more adequate to fit the PP framework.

Some important and decisive observations allowed a widespread and almost unquestionable acceptance of the big bang cosmology, but we can admit and search other factors that have contributed and continue to contribute to the enormous acceptance and great popularity of this cosmological conception, not only inside but also outside of cosmology and even in numerous no scientific contexts. To find some of those factors, a case study was undertaken based on thematic analysis, an analytical tool which is based on the idea that the scientific activity, in addition to a theoretical and an experimental dimensions, has a third dimension with psychological and cultural elements called themata that strongly influence the construction of scientific theories and also their acceptance or rejection. This case study focused on the most important founding texts of big bang cosmology, namely articles and books of Alexandre Friedmann, Georges Lemaître, and George Gamow, covering three decades of important developments (1922–1952), and the founding texts of its great rival, the steady-state cosmology. This article presents a summary of the main results of this case study, which allowed to identify several themata with a very important role in the big bang cosmology: differentiation and unification (methodological themata); unity, creation, change, evolution, constancy (of mass/energy), simplicity, life cycle, circularity, and disorder (conceptual themata). All these themata form a methodological and conceptual matrix—with a triple dimension: historical, transversal/cultural, and psychological—that can help explain the acceptance and popularity of the big bang cosmology within and beyond its disciplinary boundaries.

Social innovation is an important dimension of current transformations in energy systems. It can refer to alternative business models, novel policy instruments, financing schemes, participatory governance approaches to energy questions, or new discourses. Its significance for energy systems is often considered in narrow instrumentalist terms, reducing it to a tool serving particular policy objectives. Grounding the concept in social science and humanities insights, this review essay proposes a broadened social innovation understanding. We propose 1) to open up the normative complexity of the concept; 2) to appreciate the multi-actor nature of social innovation; 3) to understand it as an analytical entry point for socio-material intertwinement; and, 4) to understand social innovation as premised on experimentalism-based intervention logics. The proposed social innovation understandings provide a broader imagination and strategizing of structural changes in energy systems.

En los últimos años Portugal presenció un movimiento para salvaguardar las tiendas históricas qui culminó con la aprobación de un programa de reconocimiento y apoyo, primero en Lisboa y luego en otras ciudades. En este texto se pretende situar este programa dentro de una secuencia de medidas de apoyo al sector minorista, en el marco de alteración en las políticas públicas y formas de gobernabilidad. El argumento contiene dos componentes interconectados. Por un lado, se pretende demostrar que la evolución de la política pública dentro del sector refleja un creciente enfoque en el territorio, con una movilización del apoyo a las unidades comerciales con el fin de fortalecer la competencia entre las empresas y su valorización en la contienda entre territorios. Por otro lado, se resalta que dicha evolución se articula con un fortalecimiento empresarial en la gestión urbana. En el trabajo se repasan las funciones del sector minorista urbano, valorizando su dimensión social y espacial. Después de dar cuenta de las alteraciones evidenciadas en la intervención pública frente al comercio minorista en el caso portugués, se presenta el programa "Tiendas con Historia" en Lisboa y algunos problemas que surgen del mismo. Por último, se hace una síntesis concluyente que resalta las medidas de las políticas que han sido puestas en práctica teniendo como objetivo la salvaguarda del comercio tradicional de proximidad en las áreas comerciales.

Em 388, animado pela exegese recebida de Ambrósio e das cartas paulinas (sobretudo Coríntios I), Agostinho lança-se pela primeira vez na tarefa interpretativa dos capítulos iniciais do Génesis – obsessão que o acompanhará durante toda a sua vida. Embora movido pelo propósito inicial de responder às objecções do maniqueísmo, na verdade esta paixão hermenêutica pela narrativa da Criação – a que regressará noutras quatro diversas ocasiões – abre a porta a novas formas de pensar o Homem, pensar as Escrituras e pensar Deus. A introdução e notas à tradução de De Genesi contra Manichaeos Libri II e de De Genesi ad Litteram Imperfectus Liber aqui propostas pretendem apresentar o ponto de partida intelectual de Agostinho quanto a estas matérias, demonstrando o quão determinantes foram na estrutura do seu pensamento quanto ao Pecado Original, ao Tempo ou à Trindade, mas sobretudo na verdadeira revolução que então se operava na espiritualidade ocidental – a ideia de um Deus incorpóreo e intemporal.

En las últimas décadas, la economía urbana de muchas ciudades occidentales ha experimentado transformaciones significativas. [...] Utilizando la revisión sistemática como herramienta metodológica, este artículo tiene como objetivo elaborar un estado de la cuestión sobre los BID, vistos como un nuevo modelo de gobernanza urbana, buscando identificar los elementos cruciales que los definen. También analizaremos la amplia difusión internacional de estas experiencias de gobernanza urbana y la manera de cómo se ajustan a las especificidades de los diferentes países

Considered one of the fathers of Angolan literature and one among the most important contemporary writers in Portuguese, in 1961 José Luandino Vieira was arrested because of his participation to the struggle for independence in Angola. He would spend the next twelve years in confinement, first in Luanda and later in the notorious Tarrafal prison camp (Cabo Verde). While in detention, Vieira wrote most of his literary works, alongside a series of notebooks in which he reported his thoughts, feelings and literary and political considerations. Forty years after the independence of Angola, Vieira’s notebooks were published in a volume titled Papéis da prisão: Apontamentos, diário, correspondência (1962-1971). In this dissertation, I focus on the intersections between history, literature and the writing of the self that can be observed in Vieira’s prison writings. I defend that, while the prison diaries cast a new light on the writer’s literary production, they can also bring new elements to the history of Angola, having an impact on how the history of the struggle will be remembered in the future. Starting from a reflection on the issue of punishment and on prison as an instrument of social control, I question how the writings related to their locale of production, how the carceral experience had shaped them and how it was reflected in them.

A garantia da qualidade depende da competência demonstrada pelo laboratório para produzir dados e resultados tecnicamente válidos. Actualmente, um dos principais objectivos do laboratório da Solvay Portugal é o reconhecimento da qualidade dos resultados que emite aos seus clientes. Para tal, pretende a sua acreditação segundo a norma EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005, nos parâmetros contemplados na Licença Ambiental LA 161/2008 do efluente industrial geral da fábrica, E2. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório da Solvay Portugal, e teve como objectivos a validação dos métodos, segundo as normas correspondentes, e cálculo de incertezas associadas aos valores dos seguintes parâmetros: Sólidos Suspensos Totais, pH, Crómio Hexavalente, Crómio Total, Azoto Amoniacal, Carência Química de Oxigénio. No desenvolvimento do trabalho foram utilizadas as seguintes técnicas: Gravimetria, Potenciometria, Espectrometria de Absorção Molecular, Titulimetria e Espectrometria de Emissão Atómica com plasma acoplado induzido, ICP-AES.

With this comparative study, we aim for a better understanding of the role of the origin country in shaping migration aspirations. Using experimental data collected among a sample of Master students in Portugal and the Netherlands, we tested whether the impact of labour market and welfare state-related factors on migration aspirations varied between these two origin countries. In line with our expectation, potential gains of migration in terms of job opportunities and wages had a stronger positive impact on migration aspirations for the Portuguese as compared with the Dutch respondents. For Portugal and the Netherlands alike, migration aspirations were lower when the level of unemployment benefits in the destination country was lower than in the origin country. Our findings indicated that conditions in the origin country, as well as the individual's life stage, shape which characteristics of the destination country are most important for migration aspirations.

O objectivo da Newsletter do Instituto de Saúde Baseado na Evidência (ISBE) é a disponibilização de informação sobre áreas relevantes para a prática clínica, baseada na melhor evidência científica. São localizados estudos relevantes e de alta qualidade, criticamente avaliados pela sua validade, importância dos resultados e aplicabilidade prática e resumidos numa óptica de suporte à decisão clínica. É dada prioridade aos estudos de causalidade – revisões sistemáticas, ensaios clínicos, estudos de coorte prospectivos/retrospectivos, estudos seccionais cruzados e caso‐controlo – incluindo‐se ainda, quando justificado, estudos qualitativos considerados de elevada qualidade metodológica e importância clínica.