Repositório RCAAP

A doença celíaca (DC) é uma doença sistémica desencadeada pela exposição ao glúten em doentes geneticamente susceptíveis. Manifesta-se como uma enteropatia auto-imune associada a auto-anticorpos e aos haplótipos HLA-DQ2 ou HLA-DQ8. A primeira referência a uma doença malabsortiva crónica que leva a um estado de desnutrição remonta a Aretaeus, na Cappadocia, no seculo III d.C, contudo, a primeira descrição clínica moderna da DC data de 1888, no artigo de Samuel Gee, “On the coeliac affection”. De acordo com uma meta-análise recente, a prevalência de DC é 1,4% por serologia e 0,7% por biopsia. Nos últimos 20 anos registou-se um aumento de 33% na prevalência de DC, possivelmente associado a factores ambientais. Acresce que a prevalência está seguramente subestimada, admitindo-se que por cada doente diagnosticado há quatro não diagnosticados. A presença do haplotipo HLA-DQ2/8 é o principal factor de risco para a DC sendo condição necessária, ainda que não suficiente, para o desenvolvimento da doença. Cerca de 40% da população geral apresenta um dos haplótipos, contudo, só 2 a 3% destes vêm a desenvolver doença. Vários factores ambientais têm sido estudados como possíveis factores de risco ou protectores na DC, como a idade de introdução do glúten, doenças infeciosas e o aleitamento materno. A literatura não é consistente relativamente a uma possível associação entre DC e a idade de introdução do glúten, não parecendo haver associação com o aleitamento materno. As infecções gastrointestinais (por rotavírus e adenovírus em crianças e Campylobacter nos adultos) e respiratórias recorrentes (nos primeiros 18 meses de vida) têm sido associadas à DC, contudo o nível de evidência nesta matéria é fraco.

The present study conceptualized, implemented, and evaluated a specific program, the Live Science program. This program integrated 2 distinct but complementary approaches: participants’ immersion in real science contexts and the participation of future teachers in seminars intended to share the immersion experience and to reflect on nature of science (NOS). Four future teachers participated in the Live Science program in 2 real research contexts. Through an analysis of the experiences and lessons learned from this program, this study tried to understand to what extent participation in real-context scientific activities, focused on an explicit and reflective approach to NOS, can contribute to the professional development of preservice elementary teachers. Interviews, questionnaires, observations, diaries, and videotaped seminars were used for data collection. Our findings suggest that the adoption of an explicit approach through illustration and reflection on particular aspects of NOS within the context of scientific research is a promising approach considering that it potentially allows for the development of a more informed understanding of science. The results also suggest that along with personality-related factors, the inherent characteristics of real science contexts play an important role in the development of that understanding. Tightly organized research teams capable of giving ample support to preservice teachers and working in research fields in which participants’ conceptions can be confronted should be selected in order to improve the impact of this type of program.

Design has been, throughout its relatively short existence, rarely applied directly to sound. The well known form-function rule has always tended to focus on practical functions, in bringing added value to everyday objects. More recently, with the growing competitivity of markets and the need for products to stand out from each other and try to become better and better, new design fields and methods such as sound design and techniques to analyse user experience while the product as not been bought yet and is still in-store emerge. On the other hand, with the rapid development of digital products, including digital musical instruments, Interaction Design is the Design field that has been most directly involved in the development of new musical instruments to date. The field of Product Design doesn't seem to be frequently involved, although musical instruments are artifacts, and even digital instruments demand a physical interface for input and/or feedback. These fields have been explored to understand in what ways their research can be used in acoustic musical instruments’ design. The physics of sound and common acoustics involved in musical instrument making were studied in order to understand their functioning and collect necessary knowledge. Musical instrument history was also explored, seeking to know why new musical instruments are born, and which factors determine their position as a cultural icon, or otherwise, as an extinct and unheard of musical instrument. Simple instruments were analysed to understand their functioning and project demands. As a way to apply this knowledge, a simple acoustic musical string-instrument was designed. The requirements for this project were to make it easily understandable, easily played with a fast learning curve, with simple shapes.

Os Descobrimentos Maritimos Portugueses, a partir da primeira metade do seculo XV, deram lugar a uma nova Era e proporcionaram um dialogo cultural e religioso com diferentes povos em Africa, na Asia e na America. A diversidade cultural e religiosa na India, na China e no Japao, com as quais os missionarios e mercadores europeus tiveram contacto, resultou numa tomada de consciencia do outro civilizacional e na partilha de experiencia. Neste dialogo intercultural e interreligioso, a representacao visual das narrativas sagradas tornou‐se uma ponte para um entendimento mutuo e permitiu o reconhecimento de um imaginario comum. Os missionarios europeus usaram a arte para explicar as Escrituras Sagradas, o significado da iconografia crista e para descrever as vidas dos santos aos soberanos locais e tambem aos seus subditos, esperando, assim, converte‐los ao Cristianismo. Nesta tese de doutoramento iremos focar o nosso estudo sobre os processos de confluencia entre a arte crista e a arte religiosa da India, da China e do Japao; de que forma os missionarios europeus e os artistas locais fundiram elementos iconograficos da arte crista e das artes locais; de que forma os missionarios europeus procuraram compreender a arte religiosa da Asia de modo a estabelecerem paralelos com o imaginario cristao e, finalmente, de que modo as relacoes entre a arte crista e a arte religiosa da Asia deram lugar a novas formas artisticas.

Documentary and animation are not antagonistic concepts, referring to two distinct forms of narrative and formal expression. On the contrary, there is an interchangeable relationship between the two, and animation often works towards “representing the unrepresentable”, materializing the author's vision in a way that profilmic image would have difficulty achieving. This work consists of a proposal for a hybrid documentary about Visão magazine, a comic book publication appearing in Portugal during the PREC period, whose libertarian and transgressive attitude contrasted with the repression felt in the country during the time of the Estado Novo dictatorship and the Colonial War. The structure of the film will be based on a dialectic between filmed image and animation, forcing us to rethink concepts such as “documentary truth” and “factuality”, in light of the way in which films such as Waltz with Bashir and Persepolis have problematized our relationship with the genre. This thesis begins by questioning the very nature of documentary cinema - and particularly animated documentary – through concepts by Bill Nichols and Annabelle Honess Roe. Its goal is to list the various existing modes of representation and, in particular, to demonstrate how a performative documentary can make use of the evocative potential of animation to achieve an engaging story. Taking from the premise that non-fiction cinema allows to transcend the mere reproduction of facts, anchoring itself in authorial memory and subjectivity to produce a new kind of knowledge, this thesis will demonstrate, through contemporary examples, how the director’s experience and his affective relationship with the theme can influence the edification of the film, leading to a kind of “truth” that relates more strongly to his internal universe, than with a confrontation with the historical world. Having drawn the theoretical support base for the project, we’ll approach its conceptualization, describing each technical area and its inherent implications.

A Epistaxis, na população pediátrica, é uma condição bastante frequente e, na maioria das vezes, benigna e auto-limitada. Esta hemorragia tem origem, geralmente, no septo nasal anterior, na área de Little, onde vários vasos terminais se anastomosam, formando o Plexo de Kiesselbach. Apesar da epistaxis poder ter vários fatores etiológicos, esta é, normalmente, atribuída a trauma digital autoinfligido que, por sua vez, pode ser secundário a estados pró-inflamatórios da mucosa nasal, de que são exemplo a Rinite Alérgica ou a colonização por Staphylococcus aureus. Outras etiologias possíveis passam pelo trauma externo, especialmente em crianças abaixo dos 2 anos; pelas neoplasias, com especial enfoque no Angiofibroma Juvenil da Nasofaringe, com maior prevalência nos rapazes adolescentes; pelas coagulopatias ou uso de medicação anti-coagulante; pela telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditária ou pelo contacto com alguns animais. No que toca ao tratamento, existem várias estratégias possíveis que se têm mostrado eficazes, desde o uso de cremes hidratantes e/ou antissépticos nasais e cauterização com nitrato de prata até ao recurso a abordagens mais invasivas, como a laqueação ou a embolização, em casos mais selecionados, refratários e/ou severos.

This study aims to analyse the potentialities of using Personal Meaning Maps to assess school children’s learning in a visit to a Planetarium. A total of 123 primary students were involved. They were asked to create a PMM, and a drawing, before and after the visit. The results suggest that the visit enhanced the degree to which students generate words and conceptual categories to describe their understanding of the suggested concepts. PMMs seemed to be a good tool to evaluate the impact of the activities on students’ ideas about the thematic explored. Drawings helped to understand the main misconceptions.

Throughout the years, household lighting has mirrored the evolution of technology. Whether natural or artificial, lighting systems have been developed with household comfort and energetic efficiency in mind. The ever-growing ensemble of technological tools available has pushed lighting designers to take more conscientious, economic and efficient decisions regarding light as a material resource. This essay explores the practices and technologies of lighting, natural and artificial, within a household environment, focusing mainly on the work of renown lighting designers: Janet Turner, Richard Kelly, William Lam, Gary Gordon and Jason Livingstone. What follows is a guide of good habits, regarding household lighting, divided in two parts: the first concerning technical areas of residence such as kitchens and W.C., and the second concerning permanence areas such as the bedroom, living room and study.

A escrita pode ser um instrumento para comunicar ou para aprender. Cada vez mais a investigação enfatiza a função epistémica da escrita. Neste estudo avalia-se a eficácia de um programa de intervenção em escrita para aprender os conteúdos de Estudo do Meio: analisam-se a construção de conhecimentos em conteúdos de Estudo do Meio e as habilidades desenvolvidas em escrita. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quase-experimental com grupo de controlo (GC) e grupo experimental (GE), realizada no 4º ano de escolaridade num agrupamento TEIP (Território Educativo de Intervenção Prioritária) na área da grande Lisboa. Optou-se por uma abordagem de trabalho de projeto no GE, com foco na escrita de textos expositivos. Os resultados mostram que a intervenção foi uma mais-valia em termos de aprendizagem, existindo diferenças significativas entre os alunos do GE e dos GC. As crianças do GE, ao mesmo tempo que aprenderam os conteúdos de Estudo do Meio, desenvolveram competências de escrita – conhecimentos de texto e consciência metatextual-, mas também de trabalho colaborativo. A análise dos resultados apoia a ideia de que escrever para aprender tem efeitos positivos sobre os conteúdos disciplinares, sobre a qualidade de escrita, o saber descrever e explicar e a ortografia. Os resultados têm implicações para as práticas de sala de aula dado que o trabalho realizado mostrou promover competências de literacia, construção de conhecimento e, ainda, favorecer uma maior autonomia, motivação e responsabilidade dos alunos.

This paper describes the existing web resources of learning objects to promote ocean literacy. The several projects and sites are explored, and the shortcomings revealed. The limitations identified include insufficient metadata about registered learning objects and lack of support for intelligent applications. As solution, we promote the seaThings project that relies on a multi-disciplinary approach to promote literacy in the marine environment by implementing a specific Learning Objects repositories (LOR) and a federation of repositories (FED), supported by a OBAA, a versatile and innovative standard that will provide the necessary support for intelligent applications for education purposes, to be used in schools and other educational institutions.

In this paper we present an evaluation of an App for mobile devices, ‘Roteiro dos Descobrimentos’, as an educational digital resource for primary school students. The study involved the participation of 131 students and eight teachers. Data were collected from participant observation, students’ questionnaires and interviews to students and teachers. According to students, they learned new things, related with the topics explored, in an easy and funny way. Students also emphasized as positive aspects the fact that they had to face different challenges and the need to mobilize their knowledge to solve them. Teachers referred that students showed great interest and enthusiasm during the activities. As main gains, teachers stressed that the application fosters the relationship of students with the city, facilitates collaboration, and promotes students’ autonomy. In resume, it seems that the playful and interactive dimension of the App promoted the development of important skills such as the ability to interact with the environment, collaborative work, autonomy, and reading and interpretation skills. As a conclusion, there is a great receptivity to integrate mobile technologies in the teaching and learning process, but the role of the teacher can’t be dismissed, as a mediator and educator.

In the Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes, women have a special importance, presenting themselves in complementarity with the male gender. In this study we analyse the political behaviour of two female characters, Hypsipyle, on the outward journey, and Arete, on the homeward journey. Lemnos is a kingdom governed by a woman and populated only by the female gender, after all the men have been slaughter by the women. The Argonauts ling ever longer on the island, without knowing what really happened to the previous men, and solve the women’s offspring problem by copulating with them. On the homeward journey they stop in Drepane (Corfu), ruled by Arete and Alcinous. Our aim is to determine whether the two queens, Hypsipyle and Arete, actually have a political voice. We try to show that, in fact, both take measures to avoid external conflicts and guarantee a peaceful coexistence of nations. The expression “words dense meaning”, πύκινον ἔπος (4.1111, 1200), qualifies the discourse between the king and the queen of Drepane and has a specific political sense. It reflects the strategy adopted, both by Alcinous and Arete, to face the situation of external threat caused by the arrival, in the Drepane kingdom, of a rescue expedition for Medea. Since in Alexandria the Ptolemaic queens had great social, religious and possibly political relevance, Arete and Hypsipyle can be considered a prefiguration of Arsinoe II; and the couple Arete and Alcinous, who would be uncle and niece or even brothers, can also be seen as a projection of the couple Arsinoe II and Ptolemy II, married and brothers.

Climate change is one of the major challenges facing society today and more effective education is needed on this topic. This study analysed the effects of an inquiry-based science activity about climate change effects in ocean ecosystems, done in a research laboratory and in the classroom, on primary students’ knowledge, investigation skills and satisfaction. Data were collected through the application of pretests and posttests, direct observation, questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. Results revealed an increase in students’ scientific knowledge and application to new situations. Regarding investigation skills, all students were able to make predictions, and to easily observe and register data. However, experimental planning and conclusions were more difficult for them. Students and teachers emphasised their satisfaction with the outdoor activity, teamwork and the subject. The present study revealed a positive effect of the participation in the inquiry-based activity, embedded on a socio-scientific issue, in students’ conceptual knowledge and in the development of investigation skills.

This paper aims to present the research results of the impact of a pedagogical approach on students, implemented as a part of the Doctoral Programme in Sustainability Science, which was designed following an innovative model at the University of Lisbon, Portugal. The main drivers include building a new body of interdisciplinary knowledge leading to the application of science to address real problems towards transdisciplinary education. We aimed to understand if a project work methodology proposed to students, based on an inquiry perspective and dealing with different dimensions of sustainable development, contributed to creating an interdisciplinary solution for a problem on sustainability challenged by food production and consumption, and also to understand if this methodological approach is perceived as important to their learning as professionals and citizens. Data were collected by direct observation, a questionnaire applied to the students, and students’ individual reflections. The results suggest great potential for an inquiry perspective in trying to solve a real problem. Students' proposals were realistic, viable, and complementary enough to collectively contribute in response to the global problem. The use of approaches acquired from different areas of knowledge was clear, and the project methodology was well understood. Students considered the experience very rewarding in terms of learning and contributing positively to their personal and professional development. This Doctoral programme is anchored in a progressive continuum encompassing holistic debates with a multidisciplinary team of professors in environments that promote interdisciplinary attitudes and new knowledge, and also project work aimed at guiding students to transdisciplinary learning, which constitutes an innovative form of dealing with the complex challenges created by the science of sustainability.

SWAN wave model (Simulating Waves Nearshore, TU Delft) has been validated against in situ observations for two months: October and June (wave climate) analyzing salient wave parameters (Hs, Te, θ and Energy Flux (P) ) for the Portuguese Pilot Zone (PZ). The model slightly over predicts Hs, while Te is underestimated. Energy Flux (P) also shows mis estimation. θ is well predicted. Mis estimation is certainly due to improper boundary conditions (WAM 2D spectra). Extreme (stormy) observed sea states, typical for winter, are mis predicted by wave model; milder condition, typical in summer, are better predicted but still some important differences are observable.

O estudo que se apresenta teve como principal finalidade identificar, caracterizar e partilhar, a nível de Instituições de Ensino Superior (lES), ações desenvolvidas nos cursos de formação de profissionais de educação, que potenciassem a promoção de competências de planificação, implementação e avaliação de práticas integradas de educação formal e não-formaL em ciências (PIEC). O estudo contemplou todas as lES públicas portuguesas que ofereciam cursos de formação de professores com componente de ciências: 25 lES e 75 cursos. Como técnica de recolha de dados optou-se pelo inquérito por entrevista, dirigida aos coordenadores/diretores de curso (CID). O retorno foi de 72%. Os dados foram analisados com recurso à técnica de análise de conteúdo através de um sistema categorial misto. Os C/D consideraram as PIEC muito importantes e afirmaram que os estudantes também lhe reconheciam importância para a sua formação, considerando contribuírem para o desenvolvimento dos seus conhecimentos, capacidades, atitudes e valores. Apesar disso, 11% dos inquiridos admite não se desenvolver PIEC em qualquer das Unidades Curriculares (UC) dos cursos dos quais são responsáveis. Em relação aos outros cursos, são identificadas as UC onde essas práticas predominam, assim como estratégias/atividades desenvolvidas. Relativamente à perceção dos C/D sobre a preparação dos estudantes para desenvolver PIEC, nas suas futuras práticas profissionais, 65% afirma ser insuficiente.

The spatial dynamics of landscapes are the consequence of a multiplicity of relations among physical, biological and social forces. So, it is essential the assessment of the driving forces related to Land Use and Land Cover changes (LULC) to understand the change process. The stochastic modeling technique in Geographical Information System (GIS) - Markov Chain (MC) analysis and Cellular Automata (CA) allows the predictions of future changes based on changes that have occurred in the past. This chapter aims to present a dynamic simulation model for LULC changes in ‘Sado Estuary’ and ‘Comporta-Galé’ Natura 2000 Sites (Portugal) for the beginning of the second half of the XXI century by using MC and CA. Regarding the quantification of the fragmentation processes and LULC changes in ‘Sado Estuary’ and ‘Comporta- Galé’ Natura 2000 Sites, these models are able to reveal non-obvious trends in the data and to describe ecological patterns. From an applied research point of view, this approach is useful to identifying adequate planning and management strategies for coastal ecosystems, for monitoring and planning natural and protected environments.

This chapter reviews the Remote Sensing (RS) technologies that are particularly appropriate for marine and coastal ecosystem research and management. RS techniques are used to perform analysis of water quality in coastal water bodies; to identify, characterize and analyze river plumes; to extract estuarine/coastal sandy bodies; to identify beach features/patterns; and to evaluate the changes and integrity (health) of the coastal lagoon habitats. For effective management of these ecosystems, it is essential to have satellite data available and complementary accurate information about the current state of the coastal regions, in addition to well-informed forecasts about its future state. In recent years, the use of space, air and ground-based RS strategies has allowed for the rapid data collection, Image processing (Pixel-Based and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) classification) and dissemination of such information to reduce vulnerability to natural hazards, anthropic pressures, and to monitoring essential ecological processes, life support systems and biological diversity.

Introdução: A reabilitação respiratória é um tratamento adjuvante comprovadamente eficaz em doentes com DPOC, estando preconizado em normas internacionais (GOLD) e nacionais (DGS). Os métodos e-Health são definidos pela OMS como o uso de tecnologias de informação e comunicação na área da saúde e as suas características de transmissão de informação e comunicação à distância permitem a realização de regimes de tratamento não presenciais. O objetivo do trabalho atual é a realização de uma revisão da literatura com o intuito de avaliar as vantagens da aplicação destes métodos aos programas de reabilitação respiratória. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma pesquisa sistemática de ensaios escritos em língua inglesa, na plataforma Medline, com recurso aos termos Pulmonary Rehabilitation e COPD, dos últimos 5 anos. Selecionaram-se artigos por cumprimento dos critérios de elegibilidade, primeiro por leitura de abstrat e, posteriormente, por leitura integral dos mesmos. Foi aplicada a metodologia GRADE para avaliação da qualidade de evidência dos ensaios clínicos, os outcomes agrupados e descritos com base na sua tendência para benefício dos programas de reabilitação com recurso a métodos e-Health (PRR-eHealth) e realizada análise SWOT à possível implementação desta intervenção no tratamento de doentes com DPOC. Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 126 artigos dos quais 7 foram selecionados. Discussão: com base na revisão, PRR-eHealth demonstraram benefícios equiparáveis aos PRR convencionais e até melhorias mais significativas em outcomes específicos como: nº de visitas serviço de urgência, endurance shuttle walking test, aumento do número médio de passos diários, aumento do tempo médio de exercício diário e Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. A implementação desta intervenção nos sistemas de saúde deverá passar por uma cuidadosa avaliação das suas forças, fraquezas e oportunidades sendo ainda necessários evidência mais robusta e com maior grau de uniformização para determinar os benefícios da mesma.

A definição da Vegetação Natural Potencial (VNP) reveste-se de grande utilidade no apoio aos processos de decisão no âmbito do ordenamento territorial. Em territórios classificados em que a vegetação apresenta elevada perturbação, como se verifica em algumas áreas dos Sítios da Rede Natura 2000 “Comporta/Galé” e “Estuário do Sado”, a expressão cartográfica da VNP tem a necessidade de se apoiar num conjunto de elementos que vão além das condições da vegetação atual. A modelação preditiva da distribuição das séries de vegetação possibilita a produção de mapas probabilísticos com base na extrapolação das relações entre as variáveis ambientais e as comunidades vegetais. Os resultados obtidos permitiram aferir o modo como os gradientes ecológicos determinam a ocorrência de diversos tipos de séries de vegetação, tal como, a espacialização da VNP para o território em estudo. A expressão cartográfica da VNP a escalas de pormenor assume um papel importante no planeamento e ordenamento do território.