Repositório RCAAP

Projeto: fluxo dinâmico, movimento perpétuo. A revista Estúdio gera novos discursos, em que os enunciadores são os próprios artistas, tomando por objeto a obra de outros artistas. Entra ar fresco no circuito poderoso da arte. É resistência, ocupar espaço, construir discurso, e contribuir com conteúdo informado e qualificado. O desafio tem produzido resultados, artigos publicados, revistas já esgotadas, artistas que passaram a tomar como referentes outros artistas, antes desconhecidos, apesar de tão próximos. O modelo é formativo, consciente, e ambiciona mais: mais relação, mais conhecimento, mais disseminação, mais públicos, mais discursos sobre arte, mais conhecimento. É uma nova estética, mais que relacional, é uma estética cognitiva.

Esta dissertação é dedicada ao estudo dos monóides factorizáveis e dos semigrupos quasefactorizáveis, quer inversos quer ortodoxos. Em ambos os casos estamos perante imagens por morfismos injectivos nos idempotentes de produtos semidirectos; no caso inverso, de um semireticulado por um grupo e, no caso ortodoxo, mais geral, de uma banda por um grupo.

Arte e relações habituais. As relações que os artistas estabelecem sobre os objetos comuns instalam um paradigma aderente de apropriação, de re-significação, de deslocamento. Intervenções de artistas, documentadas em muitos dos artigos do número 19 da Revista Estúdio, interpelam, através de uma renovada economia simbólica, alternativas ao circuito dos objetos. A descontextualização e recontextualização opera-se na câmara branca, no dispositivo modernista. O “Cubo” digere devagar a sua dissolução crítica através de manifestações multiformes. O processamento é lento.

Resistir: arte e discursos contra a história. A revista Estúdio gera novos discursos, em que os enunciadores são os próprios artistas, tomando por objeto a obra de outros artistas. Entra ar fresco no circuito poderoso da arte. É resistência, ocupar espaço, construir discurso, e contribuir com conteúdo informado e qualificado. Aqui apresentam-se diversos enunciados, que se debruçam sobre outros tantos desempenhos. Trata-se de tema difícil, a arte. os discursos sobre arte podem ser muito poderosos, se os enunciadores o forem. A arte está no campo da retórica, e legitima-se retoricamente. A Revista Estúdio localiza-se: instância retórica, lugar de empoderamento, e ao mesmo tempo local de agência e de “astúcia” de um poder que aqui só se manifesta através dos artistas.

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Funerary usage of Galeria da Cisterna (Almonda) and Gruta do Caldeirão began at the onset of the Neolithic and continued until Early Medieval times. At Cisterna, the thin Holocene deposit was unstratified; at Caldeirão, the stratigraphic sequence underwent post-depositional disturbance. Using radiocarbon dating, typological considerations, spatial distribution patterns, and physical anthropological data, these palimpsests can be disentangled to a significant extent. At both sites, the earliest depositions fall in the c. 5250–5500 cal BC interval and are associated with large numbers of beads. Wares extensively decorated with shell and comb impressions are likely to belong in this phase. Another style of decoration – shell impressions forming bands below the rim and garlands between prehension knobs – probably dates to a slightly later time. Burial continued at both sites through the c. 5000–5250 cal BC time range, but which decorative styles were then in fashion remains difficult to ascertain; it is likely that the irregular arrangements of shell impressions seen in some Cisterna vessels are among them. At Caldeirão, non-Cardial impressed and incised wares date to c. 4500–5000 cal BC, while undecorated wares are associated with human bone samples demonstrating two different periods of burial during the c. 3500–4000 cal BC interval. Most if not all of the nine Cardial individuals directly dated at the two sites died coevally with the more recent of the Mesolithic interments found in the shell-midden sites of the Tagus estuary.

Mais numerosas, as imagens são hoje menos valiosas. Qual o valor de uma imagem no ecrã? Para se libertarem da desvalorização icónica os intervenientes artísticos utilizam outros meios expressivos, novos suportes, procurando alternativas. E quem sabe: abandonam as imagens, ou misturam a sua substância com componentes relacionais, educacionais, interventivos, conceptuais. Talvez seja esta uma ocasião de se refletir sobre a origem da arte, a “vontade da ideia” ou outras formas de pensar a pintura e a arte. Este é um campo onde os artistas podem ser outros, repensando a arte, como sucede no conjunto de artigos selecionados neste volume.

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is a nature-based solution that has gained importance in the context of international climate policy, such as in the EU Adaptation Strategy (2013), which explicitly encourages its adoption and which should continue in The European Green Deal. This study aims to analyze how the EbA concept has been adopted in strategic adaptation planning at the municipal and intermunicipal levels in Portugal after the publication of the European adaptation strategy in 2013. Thus, a quantitative content analysis was carried out, based on EbA keywords, of municipal strategies and intermunicipal plans in Portugal. The term “ecosystem-based” has not been transposed as an explicit objective at the municipal and intermunicipal levels. All strategies and plans have included indirect references to the underlying elements of the EbA concept. This study highlights that although the EU Adaptation Strategy explicitly encourages EbA, this does not mean that it is adopted as a preferred adaptation approach at the local level in Portugal. The EbA seems to be more widely understood by the research community than by municipal technicians or private companies. It is necessary to explore how the EbA concept can be more widely accepted through the generation of co-benefits and by synergies between topics.

The recently approved regulation on Energy Communities in Europe is paving the way for new collective forms of energy consumption and production, mainly based on photovoltaics. However, energy modeling approaches that can adequately evaluate the impact of these new regulations on energy community configurations are still lacking, particularly with regards to the grid tariffs imposed on collective systems. Thus, the present work models three different energy community configurations sustained on collective photovoltaics self-consumption for a small city in southern Portugal. This energy community, which integrates the city consumers and a local winery, was modeled using the Python-based Calliope framework. Using real electricity demand data from power transformers and an actual winery, the techno-economic feasibility of each configuration was assessed. Results show that all collective arrangements can promote a higher penetration of photovoltaic capacity (up to 23%) and a modest reduction in the overall cost of electricity (up to 8%). However, there are clear trade-offs between the different pathways: more centralized configurations have 53% lower installation costs but are more sensitive to grid use costs (which can represent up to 74% of the total system costs). Moreover, key actor’s individual self-consumption rate may decrease by 10% in order to benefit the energy community as a whole.

The study of flower visitor behavior and pollen transport dynamics within and between plants can be of great importance, especially for threatened or rare plant species. In this work, we aim to assess the flower visitor assemblage of the Madeiran endemic Echium candicans and evaluate the performance of the most common visitors through the analysis of their foraging behavior and pollen loads. The flower visitor assemblage of E. candicans is diverse, including several insect groups and the endemic lizard Teira dugesii, but bees are the most common visitors. In general, large bees (Amegilla quadrifasciata, Apis mellifera, and Bombus spp.) had the highest average visitation rates (>18 flowers/min) and their pollen loads had higher percentages of homospecific pollen (>66%) when compared with butterflies and hoverflies. The honeybee (Apis mellifera) and two bumblebees (Bombus terrestris and B. ruderatus) were the most efficient flower visitors of E. candicans, but their foraging behavior seems to favor geitonogamy. Other visitors, such as butterflies and the small bee Lasioglossum wollastoni, may have a complementary role to the honeybee and bumblebee species, as their high mobility is associated with fewer flower visits on each plant and may promote xenogamy. Two non-native bees (A. mellifera and B. ruderatus) are important flower visitors of E. candicans and may contribute mostly

Systematic road-kill surveys are useful to study the impact of roads on wildlife. However, they are time-and budget-consuming, so the use of non-systematic data in road ecology is currently gaining popularity (for instance, by environmental consultants). Some data sources such as atlases (i.e., compilations of species records from a given region), which can include non-systematic and citizen-science data, can entail several intrinsic biases, mostly due to uneven sampling effort and uneven species detectability. Here, we tested this prediction by verifying if data from the Spanish Atlas of Terrestrial Mammals mirror the road-kill patterns obtained from our own systematic roadkill surveys. We focused on the Mediterranean mesocarnivore guild due to its easy identification by citizens involved in atlas-data collection. We tested if the relative abundance of each species, their richness and diversity obtained from Atlas and our systematic surveys were related, using linear models, while controlling for human population and road density (potentially confounding effects). We further compared the patterns of species abundance obtained from both sources. Our results highlight that road-kill patterns do not mirror the Atlas patterns for the three metrics evaluated. This is probably due to survey biases in typical data from wildlife atlases. When analysing species individually, we found that some species are road-killed more (or less) than expected in relation to their abundance in atlas records. These results are probably due to species-specific ecological or behavioural traits such as species morphology or species behaviour when facing the road. We suggest that abundance from atlas data should not be used as a proxy for road-kill rates.

Landraces are rightfully known as the backbone of sustainable food production, particularly in areas experiencing significant environmental constraints. However, protecting landraces from genetic erosion and valuing their potential for plant breeding and sustainable food production requires in-depth understanding of their phenotypic traits. Two Guinea-Bissau landraces (GA, GV) and two elite cultivars (P98438, P0023) were subjected to drought stress for 7 (S1) and 12 (S2) days. After this period plants were rewatered (R). The relative water content (RWC) was unchanged in S1 and decreased in S2 in all genotypes. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters changed moderately in S1 and remarkably in S2, including on GA and GV plants, where a decrease of Fv/Fm and PI, and an increase in absorbed, trapped, and dissipated energy per reaction center, was found. P0023 plants showed the most contrasting behavior to Guinea-Bissau genotypes, presenting an increase in Fv/Fm and PI values and a decrease in the specific energy fluxes per reaction center (RC), whereas P9838 presented an intermediate behavior. Drought (S1 and S2) decreased the amount of chlorophyll (Chl.) and carotenoids in GA and GV plants. On the contrary, in the P0023, the only pigment to decrease with stress was Chl. b. Fatty acid (FA) analyses allowed for the identification of C16:0, C18:2, and C18:3 in larger amounts, and C14:0, C16:1t, C18:0, and C18:1 acids in lower abundance. Drought stress decreased C18:3, the double bond index, and the total FA (except for P0023 and GV in S2) and increased C14:0 and C16:0 acids. The expression of phospholipase D (PLD) was higher at S2. After recovery, PLD expression presented a notorious decrease on the Guinea-Bissau landraces. P0023 showed the smallest alterations after recovery, while Guinea’s plants suffered more radical alterations leading to the conclusion that Guinea’s landraces were more drought-sensitive and that their recovery rate was impaired.

fastsimcoal2 is a continuous time coalescent-based genetic simulation program. It extends fastsimcoal by enabling the estimation of demographic parameters under very complex scenarios from the site frequency spectrum under a maximum-likelihood framework. Other improvements include multi-threading, handling of population inbreeding, extended input file syntax facilitating the description of complex demographic scenarios, and more efficient simulations of sparsely structured populations and of large chromosomes.

The Cycladic, the Minoan, and the Helladic (Mycenaean) cultures define the Bronze Age (BA) of Greece. Urbanism, complex social structures, craft and agricultural specialization, and the earliest forms of writing characterize this iconic period. We sequenced six Early to Middle BA whole genomes, along with 11 mitochondrial genomes, sampled from the three BA cultures of the Aegean Sea. The Early BA (EBA) genomes are homogeneous and derive most of their ancestry from Neolithic Aegeans, contrary to earlier hypotheses that the Neolithic-EBA cultural transition was due to massive population turnover. EBA Aegeans were shaped by relatively small-scale migration from East of the Aegean, as evidenced by the Caucasus-related ancestry also detected in Anatolians. In contrast, Middle BA (MBA) individuals of northern Greece differ from EBA populations in showing 50% Pontic-Caspian Steppe-related ancestry, dated at ca. 2,600-2,000 BCE. Such gene flow events during the MBA contributed toward shaping present-day Greek genomes.

A Matters Arising article1 raised concerns about the interpretation of our findings reported in our recent publication on admixture-facilitated ecological speciation in Lake Constance stickleback2. After careful consideration of the criticism, including additional analyses testing the proposed alternative hypotheses, we can confirm our confidence in the inference of secondary contact between a West European and an East European stickleback lineage in the catchment of Lake Constance, and that this admixture facilitated the ecological divergence between lake and stream ecotypes within Lake Constance2. In particular, Berner1 (i) questioned whether West and East European stickleback populations should be considered as divergent lineages, (ii) suggested that Lake Constance stickleback originated from the upper Danube instead of East Europe, (iii) questioned the suitability of our demographic modelling approach to reject an ‘ecological vicariance’ scenario, (iv) proposed that divergent selection within Lake Constance biased our inference of a secondary contact and admixture scenario, and (v) criticized our conclusion on admixture-facilitation of ecological speciation as premature. We address each of these concerns in this sequence.

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Background:The use of microbes that improve plant phosphorus (P) use efficiency is an avenue to boostcrop yields while alleviating environmental impacts. We tested three microbial inoculants (Rhizoglomusirregularealone – designated AMF;Pseudomonas putidaalone – designated PSB; andR. irregulareandP. putidain consortium – designated AMF+PSB), combined with chemical fertilizers, in an intensive maizeagricultural system.Results:As hypothesized: (i) despite the native soil microbial community and the application of P fertil-izer, the microbial inoculants enhanced plant P uptake from the soil by 14–60%, and consequentlyimproved P acquisition efficiency; (ii) PSB and AMF+PSB plants produced ±50% more biomass per unitof P taken up, and consequently enhanced plant internal P use efficiency (i.e. the biomass producedper unit of P); and (iii) the combined inoculation of AMF and PSB provided the best results in terms ofproductivity and P use efficiency. Further, the microbial inoculants altered P allocation within the plant,reducing grain P concentration.Conclusion:By testing the microbial inoculants under field conditions, our study clearly shows that themicrobial consortium (AMF+PSB) increased maize productivity, and at the same time improved P use effi-ciency. Further, the use of these microbial inoculants was shown to be compatible with conventionalagricultural management practices.

Animal biodiversity in cities is generally expected to be uniformly reduced, but recent studies show that this is modulated by the composition and configuration of Urban Green Areas (UGAs). UGAs represent a heterogeneous network of vegetated spaces in urban settings that have repeatedly shown to support a significant part of native diurnal animal biodiversity. However, nocturnal taxa have so far been understudied, constraining our understanding of the role of UGAs on maintaining ecological connectivity and enhancing overall biodiversity. We present a well-replicated multi-city study on the factors driving bat and nocturnal insect biodiversity in three European cities. To achieve this, we sampled bats with ultrasound recorders and flying insects with light traps during the summer of 2018. Results showed a greater abundance and diversity of bats and nocturnal insects in the city of Zurich, followed by Antwerp and Paris. We identified artificial lighting in the UGA to lower bat diversity by probably filtering out light-sensitive species. We also found a negative correlation between both bat activity and diversity and insect abundance, suggesting a top-down control. An in-depth analysis of the Zurich data revealed divergent responses of the nocturnal fauna to landscape variables, while pointing out a bottom-up control of insect diversity on bats. Thus, to effectively preserve biodiversity in urban environments, UGAs management decisions should take into account the combined ecological needs of bats and nocturnal insects and consider the specific spatial topology of UGAs in each city.

Community ecology has experienced a major transition, from a focus on patterns in taxonomic composition, to revealing the processes underlying community assembly through the analysis of species functional traits. The power of the functional trait approach is its generality, predictive capacity such as with respect to environmental change, and, through linkage of response and effect traits, the synthesis of community assembly with ecosystem function and services. Lichens are a potentially rich source of information about how traits govern community structure and function, thereby creating opportunity to better integrate lichens into ‘mainstream’ ecological studies, while lichen ecology and conservation can also benefit from using the trait approach as an investigative tool. This paper brings together a range of author perspectives to review the use of traits in lichenology, particularly with respect to European ecosystems from the Mediterranean to the Arctic-Alpine. It emphasizes the types of traits that lichenologists have used in their studies, both response and effect, the bundling of traits towards the evolution of life-history strategies, and the critical importance of scale (both spatial and temporal) in functional trait ecology.

Phylogenetic inference, based on five molecular markers (COI, 28S, AATS, 12S, PGD), corroborates the synonymy of the flightless genera Pieltainia Arias, 1919 and Ariasella Gil, 1923 with Tachydromia Meigen, 1803. The secondary structure of the 28S rRNA gene is used for the first time in this family to align the multiple sequences. Molecular and morphological data are largely congruent for all known species of flightless Tachydromia. This paper treats ten western Mediterranean species (nine Iberian and one Italian) in detail, including the description of four new species: T. ebejeri Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov., T. stenoptera Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov., T. cantabrica Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. and T. nigrohirta Gonçalves, Grootaert & Andrade sp. nov. The male of Tachydromia pieltaini (Gil Collado, 1936) and the female of Tachydromia apterygon Plant & Deeming, 2006 are described for the first time, while a lectotype is assigned to Tachydromia pandellei (Séguy, 1941). A key to all non-macropterous Tachydromia is supplied. Knowledge on the geographic distribution of most species is considerably enhanced. The mating behaviour of Tachydromia semiaptera (Gil Collado, 1923) and Tachydromia iberica (Arias, 1919) is documented for the first time, and we propose a change in the definition of terms apterous and micropterous to properly accommodate the diversity of wing states in this cluster of species.