Repositório RCAAP

The substrate and amount of water used are determinant factors for conducting the germination test, affecting the growth of the embryo and the formation of the seedling. The objective of this work was to identify the ideal substrate and the moisture content for the seed germination test of Apuleia leiocarpa. The treatments consisted of substrates: paper towels (RP) and blotter paper (SP), moistened with water volumes equivalent to 2.0; 2.5 and 3.0 times the dry paper mass; sand (SA) and vermiculite (SV) moistened with an amount of water corresponding to 50, 60 and 70% of its field capacity. The germination tests were conducted in a constant temperature germinator of 25° C. The variables under evaluation were normal seedlings, abnormal seedlings, first germination count, germination speed index, average germination time and relative germination frequency. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replicates of 50 seeds. Seed germination was not influenced by the water volumes used. Only the substrates showed differences, and the paper towel substrate is better for the germination test of Apuleia leiocarpa seeds, while the blotter paper is not recommended for the germination test of this species.

The Brazilian Cerrado is composed of different phytophysiognomies, where one observes country, savanna and forest vegetation. Thus, a phytosociological survey was carried out to evaluate the diametric structure of a Cerrado fragment sensu stricto, Formoso do Araguaia - TO. Six rectangular plots of 500 m² each (10x50 m) were installed randomly, totaling 0.3 ha of sample area. In the plots we sampled all live and dead standing shrub trees with Circumference at Breast Height (CBH) ≥ 10 cm. There were 508 shrub-tree individuals sampled, being 480 live and 28 standing dead, distributed in 49 species and 27 families. The main families were Vochysiaceae, Fabaceae, Malpighiaceae, Sapotaceae and Melastomataceae. The Qualea parviflora Mart., Qualea grandiflora Mart., Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk., Byrsonima coccolobifolia Kunth and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel presented the highest Values of Importance. The mean diameter of the individuals was 9.38 cm, the basal area was 4.71 m² ha-1 and density was 1,693.33 individuals ha-1. The diversity index of Shannon Wiener (H ') was 3.21 and the Pielou (J) equability was 0.83. Based on the results obtained it was observed that the fragment has high diversity with low ecological dominance and the inverted "J" diametric distribution pattern was observed in the community evidencing stable and auto regenerative populations.

Native species Crataeva tapia L. and Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., known as trapiá and juazeiro, respectively, are indicated for recovery of degraded areas. There are few studies about the health of seeds of these species, therefore, the present work had the objective to evaluate the health of the seeds of C. tapia and Z. joazeiro collected from plants and in the soil. There were 400 trapiá seeds and 400 juazeiro seeds, of which 200 were collected from the plant and 200 seeds on the soil. These seeds were placed in plates with BDA (potato-dextrose agar) + tetracycline (0.05 g / L) culture medium and kept in incubator for five days for quantification and identification of fungi. Fungi from genus Aspergillus, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia and Trichoderma were observed in the seeds of C. tapia, with Aspergillus and Fusarium being the most frequent. In seeds of Z. joazeiro, contamination by Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus sp., being Aspergillus sp. which occurred more frequently. In both studied species, seeds collected in the soil presented the greatest diversity of fungi.

The objective of this study was to study the protein enrichment process of the umbu-cajá bagasse with the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast by means of semi-solid fermentation. The residue was from a pulp mill located in the Pombal municipality, Paraíba state. The fermentation was carried out in bioreactors of trays placed in an air circulation oven at 37 °C for 72 hours. The highest crude protein content in the residues was 5.5% at 48 hours of fermentation. The use of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the semi-solid fermentation of the ubu-cajá residue makes it possible to obtain a protein concentrate, which can later be used as an alternative source of high protein potential in animal ration.

Soil organic matter is a relevant controller of the amount of available phosphorus (P) in the edaphic system. Compared to the soil itself, organic waste provides greater availability of phosphorus. It is believed that the gradual increase of the P contents is mainly due to the soil source material and to the type of fertilization carried out, where the fertilization of organic origin presents levels three to eleven times higher than those of phosphorus. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the levels of available phosphorus in areas of agroecological management in different years of cultivation, understanding the influence on the maintenance of soil quality. The study was conducted in Governor Dix-Sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte and the soil classified as a Chernossolo Réndzico. Plots with different agroecological management times were selected and samples were taken at two depths: 0-5 and 5-15 cm, corresponding to 1, 6, 8 and 10 years and a native forest area as a control. With reference to the native forest, the maximum levels of P increased in the 10 years of agroecological management in both depths. Areas with organic fertilizer addition and with different management times presented increasing linear P contents during 10 years of cultivation.

Urban tree-planting is an extremely important element in achieving satisfactory levels of quality of life, but it can also be detrimental to cities if they are not well planned. The objective of the present study was to survey the native and exotic tree species that compose the forestation of the municipality of Nova Palmeira, in the state of Paraíba. The work was carried out in the months of June to July of 2017, in nine streets of the city. The research was carried out verifying the common names of the plants and also photographing them to search the internet databases for the remaining information. With this, it is verified that about 64.7% of the afforestation of the municipality is predominantly constituted of exotic plants, distributed in 11 botanical families. In addition, a reasonable diversity of species is perceived, since the city is small. Despite being able to find a good amount of native plants, the arboreal composition of the streets did not present any species native to the Caatinga. Most of the native species belong to the botanical families Fabaceae and Anacardiaceae, whereas for the exotic species, they belong to the family Fabaceae. Thus, it is concluded that the amount of exotic species is greater than those established by law, and may cause environmental problems.

The insertion of environmental education in the school district has great relevance in effective mobilizations for sustainable development. In this way, the objective of this work was to develop awareness-raising strategies to disseminate the principles of environmental education among high school students of a public school located in the city of Pombal Paraíba. The methodological procedures were based on three stages: non-participant observation; the realization of conversational groups with structured elements aimed at quantification; and the insertion of solid waste reuse activities, aiming to initiate a process of sensitizing students from the practice. The results of the analysis revealed that Environmental Education in the school environment is succinct, contributing to a gap that makes it difficult to understand the integration between nature and society, emphasizing only the idea that environmental issues are limited to the notions conservatism and nature as something untouchable, uprooting the responsibility of each individual in the construction of a planetary identity.

The consortium of vegetables combined with the use of organic compounds as a source of nutrients has been widely used and has proved to be efficient when used as such. However, to avoid compromising the productive process, an economic analysis is necessary. The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic profitability of the lettuce crop in a consortium and monoculture system in function of different types of fertilizers. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at the Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal municipality, Paraíba state. The experimental design was a randomized block consisting of three types of fertilization and two systems of cultivation, in a 3x2 factorial scheme. The first factor was three fertilizations: 1 = Fertilization with Animal Residue (Cattle manure); 2 = Mineral Fertilization; 3 = Incorporation of spontaneous vegetation and in the second factor two cropping systems: 1 = Intercropping and 2 = monoculture. In the different systems were measured the productivity, total operational cost (TOC), gross revenue, net revenue, rate of return and profitability index, in addition to the efficient use of land (UET). The highest yields were promoted by lettuce cultivation in the treatment of bovine manure in both systems with 16,450.00 and 13,160.00 kg ha-1 for monoculture and Intercropping respectively. The best yields by the Profitability Index were also observed in lettuce culture when submitted to cattle manure in both systems with values of 88.73% and 88.28% for monoculture and Intercropping respectively.

Baby corn is the name given to the female inflorescence of maize before pollination, that is, it is the ear of corn in development harvested two to three days after the issuance of the styles-stigmas. With a fine, delicate texture and sweet taste, the baby corn has become a promising product for the domestic and foreign market, especially since in Brazil the processed product was mostly imported from Thailand. The objective of this work was to perform productive analysis of maize genotypes for the production of baby corn in organic production system. The experiment was conducted at the Alegre campus of the IFES, with a randomized block design with seven genotypes in four replicates. The Alliance creole variety and the double hybrid BM 207 presented the highest yields of commercial ears, with an average of 2.92 t ha-1, and a higher number of commercial ears (365,495 ears ha-1). Although the creole Alliance variety did not present a final stand of plants within the ideal range for corn production, it had a prolific behavior with one of the highest number of ears per plant (3.35 ears plant-1) and besides the largest lengths of commercial ears (8.10 cm). In view of the data obtained, the creole Alliance variety is a great option to be used by small producers due to their low cost of seed acquisition and also because they have a wide adaptation in systems of low level of technological investment besides maintaining the genetic variability in the natural conditions of cultivation.

O uso da madeira da poda agroflorestal surge como uma forma de incentivo ao manejo das árvores nos sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) e como fonte de matéria prima para artesãos, proporcionando maior visibilidade ao componente arbóreo. O objetivo com esse estudo é avaliar o uso da poda como estratégia de manejo dos SAFs e na confecção de artefatos em madeira. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma propriedade da Associação de Produtores e Produtoras da Agricultura Familiar do Município de Tomé-Açu, e com artesãos da Associação de Artesãos da Amazônia, de Belém, Pará. Coletaram-se dados sobre a poda do componente arbóreo e sobre a compreensão da sustentabilidade no uso da poda no manejo dos SAFs e na atividade de artesanato. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. A poda agroflorestal gerou 2,3 m3 de resíduos que foram utilizados para cobertura morta e a confecção de artefatos, portanto, o uso da madeira de poda se estabelece como mais um produto dos SAFs familiares, incentiva o manejo das árvores, e cria um canal de comercialização entre agricultores e artesãos; como estratégia de manejo, a poda contribui para a sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e sociocultural, entretanto, a sensibilização dos agricultores para esta prática depende do conhecimento sobre os benefícios relacionados à sustentabilidade dos sistemas.

Rainfall variations affect the economy of a region directly. The semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil suffers drastic effects of such variability, which harms the agriculture and the availability of water resources. Were analyzed the influence of global climate variability modes in semiarid cities of rainfall in the states of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte. The climatology of 70 (seventy) locations throughout the four states and the correlation of the rainy season of these stations with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Dipole were performed. Most stations showed five months of rainy season, from January to May. The Ceará region was the most affected by the interannual variability patterns. The variability of patterns affected the four studied states in different ways, however, the rainy seasons in the whole region suffered a large influence of the SST anomalies of the South Atlantic Tropical Basin.

Corn is one of the cereals of major agricultural importance of consumption, animal and human, being highly energetic, presenting excellent composition and numerous applicabilities. The objective of this work was to determine the centesimal composition of criollo corn cultivated in different regions of the State of Paraíba. The analytical determinations were conducted in the Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Analysis of Food belonging to the Federal University of Paraíba, Campus - III, Bananeiras, Paraiba. The seeds of the Jaboatão Creole maize came from the family farmers of six municipalities located between the swamp and the semi-arid Paraiba. After the seeds were harvested, the selection and subsequent milling of the Willey-type knife of the samples were performed in the laboratory for the analysis. The analyzes of protein, lipid, ashes, moisture and carbohydrates were conducted at the Physical Chemistry Laboratory of Foods to analyze the centesimal composition of the Jaboatão Creole maize. A completely randomized design was used, with eight treatments (six collection municipalities) and three replications. The results obtained for the protein and ash analyzes in Jaboatão Creole maize had higher levels in samples obtained from the city of Alagoa Nova, where they presented with lower percentage of moisture in the evaluated material. For lipids the maize obtained from the municipality of Massaranduba 1 was higher, and the samples from the municipality of Remígio 2 had a better percentage of carbohydrate when compared to the other municipalities analyzed. The Jaboatão maize variety cultivated by family farmers has nutritional potential to be used as a food source.

The present study aimed to analyze the dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups and the degree of trophic degree in the Brazilian semi - arid reservoir during prolonged drought. The study was carried out in the Cordeiro reservoir, in the municipality of Congo, Paraiba, with samples from June to December 2015, with a quarterly frequency, near the reservoir bus. The phytoplankton species were identified and quantified to obtain the density, later the species were classified according to their strategies and functional groups. The trophic state was determined from the Index of the trophic state, for tropical environments. The study period was characterized by the reduction of water levels accumulated in the reservoir. The transparency of the Secchi was low, whose values were less than 1m. Total phosphorus concentrations during the study period were high (above 200 μg / L). Chlorophyll-a concentrations had a minimum of 8.17 μg/L in July 2015 and a peak of 93.67 μg/L in October 2015, with fluctuations throughout the study period. The environment was classified as mesotrophic in the month of June and eutrophic in the months of October and December. Ten descriptive species, grouped into four life strategies (CS, C, R, and S) and 08 functional groups (D, F, H1, N, P, X1 and Z) were identified. The functional groups reflected the environmental changes, being typical the presence of typical groups of meso-eutrophic shallow lakes. The potentially toxic species found in the study may pose health risks to people who use this water for consumption.

The preparation of nodulated fine roots of cowpea is an alternative of inoculation with strains that perform the biological fixation of microbial community nitrogen locally adapted to the climatic and soil conditions, as well as to the local varieties. This work intends to evaluate the effect of inoculation from a fine root preparation on the vegetative growth of cowpea in comparison to commercial inoculation, urea fertilization and combinations thereof. The design was completely randomized with four replicates and the following treatments: T1: Witness; T2: Inoculum with roots; T3: Commercial inoculum; T4: Inoculum with roots + fertilization with urea in coverage; T5: Commercial inoculum + fertilization with urea under cover and T6: Fertilization with urea under cover. Root inoculation treatment plus cover nitrogen fertilization provided higher root length (57.25 cm) compared to treatment with only nitrogen fertilization in the cover (42.00 cm). In relation to the number of nodules at the 48 DAE, it was verified that the inoculation with roots was superior to the control and the nitrogenous fertilization in coverage. It was also observed that the SPAD index was lower in the control (40.25 g kg -1) and in urea fertilization (40.55 g kg -1). Fertilization with 20 kg ha-1 of urea resulted in lower root and shoot growth, number of nodules, dry mass of the plant part and SPAD index. The use of root inoculation is a viable alternative for the family farmer and agroecological based producers, but it needs to be evaluated in the field.

The present study aimed to evaluate the possibility of using undecylenic acid, extracted from castor oil (Ricinus communis), as an antiseptic in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). For this purpose, a prototype of a treadmill, made of castor resin, covered with an acid impregnated adhesive mat, on which the animals of the study were walked, was used. The work was developed with 54 dogs and the samples of the swabs of the cushions were collected from the right (control) and left (test) anterior limbs, and the control and test samples were collected, respectively, before and after the use of the treadmill. After the collection, the swabs were packaged in isothermal boxes with recyclable ice and sent for processing in the Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology. After incubation at 37ºC for 24 to 48 hours, the individual counts of each CFU / ml plate were performed, the results were obtained from the means of the duplicates for each dilution and organized into tables and figures. Of the 54 animals, 81.48% presented a reduction of the microbial population, 14.81% presented absence of variation of the microbial population and 3.70% presented increase of the microbial population. Considering only the viable results, 95,65% presented a reduction of the microbial population, therefore it can be concluded that the undecylenic acid has an antiseptic action, considerably reducing the population of microorganisms present in dogs' cushions.

Success in growing forest species, such as sage (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), depends essentially on the use of good quality seedlings. At this stage of production, several materials have potential for use, mainly, organic waste. However, there is little information about the potential for the use of these residues in the production of seedlings. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the initial development of sapiens' seedlings due to the use of organic substrates. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the Soil Science Department (SSD) of the Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Ceará. The experimental design was completely randomized with four treatments, as follows: bovine manure + sand (BM), goat manure + sand (GM), rabbit manure + sand (RM), all in a ratio of 1: 1, and control the sand base (S) with six replicates. At 84 days after sowing the plants were collected for the determination of the following variables: leaf number (LN), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), root length (RL), shoot dry mass (SDM) and root dry mass (RDM). With the exception of the RL variable, all variables were significantly influenced by the use of the substrates. LN showed higher averages when grown in goat or bovine manure. In relation to PH and SD, LN-like behavior was observed, however, for SD, rabbit manure was statistically similar to bovine and goat. Thus, sage seedlings can be produced on a substrate basis of bovine and goat manure in a mixture with sand in a ratio of 1: 1. The best initial development of sage saplings occurs with the use of substrate based on bovine manure.

There are several sources of organic inputs that can be used in the agricultural environment for the production of seedlings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the percentage of emergence of jealous seedlings (Calotropis procera) and their initial growth in different substrates, in order to determine which of the substrates presents the best behavior for this species. The experiment was conducted at the Federal Institute of Ceará Campus Sobral, with twelve sand substrates; Ground; Goat manure; Bagana; coconut fiber; Sand + manure; Sand + coconut fiber; Sand + bagana; Soil + goat manure; Solo + coconut fiber; Solo + bagana; Soil + goat manure + bagana) with four replicates. The percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter and leaf number, root length, dry shoot mass and root dry mass of jealous plants were measured. The substrates when combined with coconut fiber, bagana and goat manure provide better conditions of vigor and better development of the aerial part of the plants of jealousy. The substrates considered not ideal for emergence of C. procera seedlings are manure goat and soil + goat manure.

Landscaping modifications in land use and land cover may cause changes in the dynamics of ecosystems and in the local climate. Therefore, the aim was to verify if the land use and coverage pattern contribute to the existence and/or increasing of heat islands in the district of Mosqueiro-PA. Qualitative data were collected took place through non-formal interviews with residentes to know the ways of using and managing the properties. The quantitative data were obtained through thematic images of the island corresponding to the less rainy period of the region in the years of 2010, 2013 and 2015. The classification of land use and land cover in Mosqueiro island followed the unsupervised criterion. The surface temperature data (TS) were obtained by averages of spectral radiance values of thermal band of the Landsat satellites. The heat island determination considered the resultant of the temperature difference between the urban and forest area. In the period from 2010 to 2015, there was a reduction of 9.1% in forest area due to the increase in urban infrastructure and deforestation in the region, which is supported by the perception of sites residents. These modifications resulted in changes in TS, with an average increase of 5.15 °C, even though the occurrence of heat island in the urban space of the island was not detected. Accordingly, it is concluded that TS variations are entirely related to changes in land use and land cover classes on the island and that it tends to intensify without adequate environmental planning.

Essential oils have secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal properties. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the phytopathogen incidence and the physiological quality in seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. BRS Splendor, treated with different essential oils in different packages and storage times. The essential oils of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), clove (Syzgium aromaticum), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), peppermint (Mentha piperita) and lemon-taiti (Citrus aurantifolia), commercial fungicide and the control, packed in kraft or pet. At 0, 60, 120 and 180 days after storage of the seeds, the water content were evaluated; first count of germination; percentage of germination; emergence of seedlings; speed germination index, dry matter and blotter test. The treatments with essential oils of C. aurantifolia and C. zeylanicum did not affect the percentage of germination of the seeds during the storage when packed in kraft packaging. At 120 and 180 days after storage, treatments with essential oils of C. aurantifolia and C. zeylanicum did not affect the percentage of germination of the seeds when packed in kraft packaging. There was a significant effect among the packages within the same storage period for the essential oils of C. zeylanicum; C.sinensis and M. officinalis that decreased the incidence of the fungus of the genus Aspergillus spp. The essential oils of C. zeylanicum and S. aromaticum decreased the incidence of Penicillium spp., both stored in pet, the essential oil of C. zeylanicum being similar to the commercial fungicide. The kraft packaging was more efficient in preserving the physiological quality of the treated seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris L. than the pet package. At zero storage time, treatments with C. sinensis and S. aromaticum promoted a negative effect on the physiological quality of the seeds compared to the control. The essential oil of C. citratus influenced negatively the percentage of germination of the seeds in relation to the other essential oils when stored in a kraft packaging.

The objective of the present work was to use passion fruit flour as functional ingredient in the processing of cookies. Three corn cake formulations with increasing concentrations of passion fruit flour (5%, 7.5% and 10%) and 15% of oat bran were processed. The control consisted of a standard formulation of corn cake, without passion fruit flour and oat bran. The different formulations were evaluated sensorially. Sensorial tests of global acceptance and acceptance by attributes (taste, appearance and texture) were performed. The cake that presented the best overall result in the sensorial analysis was that of 5% of passion fruit flour addition, and the acceptance of the cakes of the other formulations was reduced, as the concentration of this flour increased. In addition, the 5% formulation also presented better results in terms of appearance, taste, overall acceptance, lower caloric value and greater intention to purchase.