Repositório RCAAP

The objective was to characterize a floristic and phytosociology of a fragment of cerrado sensu stricto, located in Gurupi, Tocantins. The study was carried out in the legal Reserve of the experimental farm of the Federal University of Tocantins, Campus of Gurupi, Tocantins, Brazil. Five porcelains of 20x50m were implanted, totaling 5000sqm and all compostations with a circumference greater than or equal to 10 cm, at 0 cm at the soil level (CAS) were implanted. Foramaler 906 aphid shrub-arboreal belonging to 42 families, 102 species and 78 genera. The families that stood out in number of individuals, frequency, dominance were Myrtacea, Vochystaceae, Burseraceae and Fabaceae, among the indications of the main beings Myrcia fallax (Rich) DC, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand and Qualea multiflora Mart. The diversity index of Shannon (H ') was 3.70 and equability J'0,80, being considered for the cerrado region.

The Cerrado comprises a vast ecoregion in central Brazil where plants show both growth and nitrogen fixation deficiencies due to low soil fertility. Farmers may overcome such problem using species of microorganisms capable of improving soil fertility such as the Rhizobia bacteria. This work aimed to assess the ability of phosphate solubilization and synthesis of indoleacetic acid (IAA) of Rhizobium isolates obtained from Cerrado soils in the state of Tocantins, Brazil, evaluating their symbiotic efficiency in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) plants. We used a total of 32 isolates (or strains) of Rhizobium and a reference species of Bradyrhizobium. The capacity of phosphate solubilization and synthesis of IAA was evaluated in vitro, while the symbiotic function of rhizobia isolates and the effect on cowpea biomass was assessed in a greenhouse. Only eight strains were able to solubilize calcium phosphate, while all isolates produced IAA. The rhizobia inoculation caused a significant increase in biomass and nodulation of cowpea. The isolates UFT R122 and UFT R124 stood out with the highest values for the studied parameters, showing rises above 33% of relative efficiency in comparison to the treatment with nitrogen fertilization. By associating the results of phosphate solubilization capacity, IAA synthesis, symbiotic ability, and nodulation, we conclude that the isolates that showed good performance are potential inoculants for cowpea in Cerrado soils.

No semiárido a ocorrência de longos períodos de estiagem vem tornado a irrigação uma pratica indispensável para exploração agrícola. Desta forma objetivou-se, com esta pesquisa, avaliar o crescimento e a produção de do algodoeiro cv. BRS Jady irrigado com águas de distintos níveis de salinidades e doses de matéria orgânica. O experimento foi conduzido utilizando-se um Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico de textura franco arenosa no município de Campina Grande-PB. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com três repetições, cujos os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) (1,7; 3,4; 5,1 e 6,8 dS m-1) e quatro doses de matéria orgânica (0; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5% em base do volume do solo). A irrigação com água salina de CE a partir 1,7 dS m-1 afetou negativamente o crescimento e a produção do algodoeiro cv. BRS Jady, provocando reduções no diâmetro de caule, altura de planta, área foliar, fitomassa seca total, massa de algodão em pluma, massa total de sementes e rendimento de fibra. A adubação orgânica com doses crescentes promoveu aumento na altura de plantas, área foliar e massa total de sementes do algodoeiro cv. BRS Jady. Houve interação entre os fatores aguas salinas e doses de matéria orgânica para diâmetro caulinar, fitomassa seca total e massa de algodão em pluma, sendo os maiores valores obtidos na das doses de 3,5 e 4,5% de matéria orgânica.Organic fertilization and waters of different salin levels in the cultivation of colored fiber cottonAbstract: In the semiarid the occurrence of long periods of drought has made irrigation an indispensable practice for agricultural exploration. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and yield of cotton cv. BRS Jady irrigated with waters of different levels of salinities and doses of organic matter. The experiment was conducted using a sandy loam texture Eutrophic Neolithic in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with three replications, the treatments of which were the result of the combination of four levels of electrical conductivity (ECw, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 And 6.8 dS m-1) and four doses of organic matter (0, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5% on the basis of soil volume). Irrigation with EC saline water from 1.7 dS m-1 negatively affected the growth and yield of cotton cv. BRS Jady, causing reductions in stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, total dry matter, feathered cotton mass, total seed mass and fiber yield. Organic fertilization with increasing doses promoted increase in plant height, leaf area and total seed mass of cotton cv. BRS Jady. There was interaction between saltwater factors and organic matter doses for shoot diameter, total dry matter and cotton mass in feathers, the highest values being obtained in the 3.5 and 4.5% organic matter doses.

A produção de algodoeiro de fibra naturalmente colorido, na região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro, onde as águas nem sempre são de boa qualidade, está na dependência do uso de técnicas que viabilizem o manejo do solo e da água com teor elevado de sais. Diante do exposto, objetivou-se avaliar fitomassa e produção do algodoeiro cv. BRS Jady submetido a níveis crescentes de salinidade da água de irrigação e doses de esterco bovino. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido em um Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico de textura franco-arenosa no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Usou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água (CEa) (1,7; 3,4; 5,1 e 6,8 dS m-1) e quatro doses de esterco bovino (0; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5% em base do volume do solo). Níveis crescentes de salinidade da água de irrigação com CEa superior a 1,7 dS m-1 reduziu a formação de fitomassa seca de folha, entretanto o aumento nas doses de esterco bovino promoveu acréscimos nesta variável. A adubação com esterco bovino promove incremento na produção de número de sementes totais e massa de cem sementes. Houve interação entre os fatores níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação e doses de esterco bovino para fitomassa seca e caule e raiz do algodoeiro cv. ‘BRS Jady’.Fitomassa and cotton production cv. BRS Jady cultivated with salt waters and esterco bovine dosesAbstract: The production of naturally colored fiber cotton in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, where water is not always of good quality, is dependent on the use of techniques that make it possible to manage soil and water with high salt content. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate phytomass and cotton production cv. BRS Jady subjected to increasing levels of salinity of irrigation water and doses of bovine manure. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment in a sandy-texture Eutrophic Regeneration Neosol in the municipality of Campina Grande, Paraíba. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with three replications, and the treatments were composed of four levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw, 1.7, 3.4, 5.1 and 6.8 dS m-1) and four doses of bovine manure  (0; 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5% on a soil bulk basis). Increasing levels of salinity of irrigation water with ECa greater than 1.7 dS m-1 reduced the formation of dry leaf biomass, however, the increase in the doses of bovine manure promoted increases in this variable. Fertilization with bovine manure promotes an increase in the production of total number of seeds and mass of one hundred seeds. There was interaction between the factors levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water and doses of cattle manure for dry phytomass and stem and root of cotton cv. 'BRS Jady'.

Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento e os componentes de produção do algodoeiro colorido cv. BRS Topázio, em função da irrigação com águas de diferentes níveis de salinidades e doses de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se um Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico de textura franco-arenosa não salina no município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados esquema fatorial 4 x 4 em com três repetições, cujos tratamentos foram constituídos  de quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e quatro doses de potássio (50; 75; 100 e 125% da recomendação ), sendo a dose de 100% correspondente a 150 mg K2O por kg-1 de solo. A salinidade da água de irrigação afetou negativamente o crescimento do algodoeiro cv. BRS Topázio, sendo a variável área foliar a mais sensível. A produção total de sementes e o número de sementes total foram às variáveis mais sensíveis ao estresse salino.Growth and production components of colored cotton subjected to saline stress and potassium fertilizationAbstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and production components of the colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio, according to the irrigation with waters of different levels of salinities and doses of potassium. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a Neolithic Regolithic Eutrophic with a non-saline sandy-loam texture in the city of Campina Grande-PB. A randomized complete block design was used in a 4 x 4 factorial design with three replications. The treatments were composed of four levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and four doses of potassium (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the recommendation), the dose of 100% corresponding to 150 mg K2O per kg-1 of soil. The salinity of the irrigation water negatively affected the growth of the cv. BRS Topazio, the most sensitive leaf area variable. The total seed production and the total number of seeds were the variables most sensitive to saline stress.

Objetivou-se avaliar os índices fisiológicos e o crescimento do algodoeiro colorido cv. BRS Topázio submetido à irrigação com águas de diferentes níveis de salinidades e adubação com doses de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos sob condições de casa de vegetação, utilizando-se um Neossolo Regolítico Eutrófico de textura franco-arenoso não salino. Utilizaram-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 4 repetições, cujos tratamentos foram distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e quatro doses de potássio (50; 75; 100 e 125% da recomendação), sendo a dose de 100% correspondente a 150 mg K2O por kg-1 de solo. Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre a concentração interna de CO2 (Ci), transpiração (E), condutância estomática (gs), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A), eficiência no uso da água (EiUA) e a eficiência instantânea da carboxilação (EICi), fitomassa seca das folhas (FSF), fitomassa seca do caule (FSC), fitomassa seca da parte aérea (FSA), área foliar especifica (AFE) e no período compreendido entre 30 e 130 dias determinaram-se a taxa de assimilação líquida (TAA). As trocas gasosas e a fitomassa seca da folha, a fitomassa seca do caule e a fitomassa seca da parte aérea do algodoeiro colorido cv. BRS Topázio reduz acentuadamente, quando submetida a níveis de CEa maior que 1,5 dS m-1. A área foliar especifica e a taxa de assimilação líquida do algodoeiro BRS Topázio não foram afetados pela água de irrigação com água salina. A adubação potássica não exerceu influência sobre as variáveis de analisadas do algodoeiro colorido. Não houve interação entre os fatores salinidade da água de irrigação versus doses de potássio para as variáveis analisadas.Physiological aspects and growth of 'BRS topázio' cotton cultivated with salt waters and potassic fertilizationThe objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological indexes and the growth of the colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio submitted to irrigation with water of different levels of salinities and fertilization with doses of potassium. The experiment was conducted in pots under greenhouse conditions, using a non-saline sandy-loam Eutrophic Regenerative Neosol. A randomized complete block design with 4 replications was used, and the treatments were distributed in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with four levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water -ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and four doses of potassium (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the recommendation), the dose of 100% corresponding to 150 mg K2O per kg-1 of soil. The effects of treatments on CO2 internal concentration (Ci), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), CO2 assimilation rate (A), water use efficiency (EiUA) and instant carboxylation (EICi), dry leaf phytomass (FSF), dry stem biomass (FSC), dry shoot biomass (FSA), specific leaf area (AFE) and in the period from 30 to 130 days, the rate of net assimilation (TAA). The gaseous exchanges and the dry matter of the leaf, the dry stem biomass and the dry matter of the aerial part of the colored cotton cv. BRS Topázio reduces markedly when submitted to ECw levels greater than 1.5 dS m-1. The specific leaf area and the net assimilation rate of the BRS Topázio cotton were not affected by the irrigation water with saline water. Potassium fertilization had no influence on the analyzed variables of the colored cotton. There was no interaction between irrigation water salinity versus potassium doses for the analyzed variables. 

The objective of this work was to perform the reuse of the onion residue, specifically the bark, to obtain the powder through the convective drying process, analyzing the physical parameters for later application as tea. The powders and teas were submitted to the physical, chemical and physico-chemical characterization. In the statistical treatment, the experimental design of completely randomized blocks with 4 treatments and 3 replicates was used, the data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means comparison was done by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The onion peel has a higher acid content in pyruvic acid than the dry (powder) samples. The onion peels have a clear luminosity, as does tea at both temperatures, noting that it did not change this parameter in the two forms (bark and tea). The temperature interfered satisfactorily in the bark for the flavonoid values; in contrast, the anthocyanins, chlorophylls and carotenoids values were unsatisfactory; for the teas, it was observed that the values of flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophyll and anthocyanins decreased and presented a change in the values with the change in temperature. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of different drying temperatures becomes impracticable, and the preparation of the tea with the bark in natura provides the highest levels of the components.

Soil degradation resultant from non-conservation practices may lead to irreparable damage to the chemical and biological properties of the soil system of semi-arid regions of northeastern Brazil. The aim of this work was to evaluate soil chemical attributes, estimate the population density of native rhizobia strains and isolate efficient strains in symbiotic N2 fixation in the cowpea bean in exclusion of super grazing areas. The study was carried out at Farm Formigueiro, located in the municipality of Irauçuba, Ceará, Brazil. The soil samples were collected in two areas characterized by different levels of degradation, being: i) area of exclusion and ii) area of super grazing.The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments and four replications, being a control with addition of mineral nitrogen C (+ N-R); and one with omission of mineral nitrogen and absence of C (-N-R) inoculation, totalizing 32 experimental units. The intensive use of the soil and the management history of the studied areas contributed negatively to the chemical properties and density of rhizobian cells. The study of the N2 fixing efficiency of the native strains in the exclusion and super pasture areas evidenced the occurrence of strains with variable efficiency, presenting a symbiotic efficacy around 22 to 41% for the cowpea beans.

The Sapindus saponaria L. it is a species that possesses propagation just for seeds and her germination tax is relatively moderate the drop. Therefore, it was aimed at to evaluate different treatments pre-germinating in the overcoming dormancy of the numbness of seeds of this species. The work was driven in atmosphere protected in the Federal University of Campina Grande, in Pombal, Paraíba. The seeds were desinfested with hipoclorito to 2% for five minutes, washed in running water and submitted to the following treatments pre-germinating: intact (witnesses - T1) seeds; manual escarification with aid of sandpaper of water nº 100 on the opposite side to the micropyle (T2); chemical escarificação through the immersion in sulfuric acid to 98% Shovel, during 10, 30 and 60 minutes (T3, T4 and T5, respectively) and physical escarification through the immersion in hot water to 80 ºC for five minutes, following by thermal shock in cold water to 5 ºC for more five minutes (T6). A completely randomized design with four replicates. The seeds were submitted to the emergency tests in sand, index of emergency speed, plant height, root length, mass dries of the aerial part and of root and percentage of hard seeds. The job of the manual scarification with sandpaper of water nº 100 on the opposite side to the micropyle of the seeds is the treatment recommended by being simpler and of larger efficiency, seeking the preservation of the physiologic quality of the seeds and a better vegetative development.

Jatropha curcas L. is an oleaginous plant that presents high potential for biofuel production, but little is known about the cultivation techniques of this species, mainly in relation to the production of quality seedlings, which leads to high survival rates in the field. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of young Jatropha curcas plants cultivated in soils with different textures under controlled conditions of greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Patos, Paraíba. The effects of five substrate compositions (treatments) were evaluated: 100% river sand; 100% clay soil material; 50% river sand + clay soil material 50%; 75% river sand + 25% clay soil material; 25% river sand + 75% clay soil material. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves and dry mass of roots and shoot were determined. The results of the present study show that young jatropha plants respond differently to soil texture variation; in general, important parameters such as stem diameter and shoot dry mass showed some sensitivity to the substrate with more clay. Considering a positive effect for most of the evaluated parameters, the substrate composed of 75% clay soil material and 25% river sand was the one that provided seedlings with better quality.

Agroforestry systems have emerged as land use alternatives, capable of reconciling agricultural and forestry production, concomitantly with the conservation of natural resources. The objective of this work was to evaluate the homegardens present in an Agro-villa in the municipality of Altamira, Pará, Brazil, concerning its composition and floristic diversity, besides the uses of plants. The data were obtained from 26 homegardens established in the Xingu Princess agrovila by means of semi-structured interviews with key informants, selected by snowball technique. In order to analyze the use and relevance of the surveyed species, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou equitability index and importance value (IVs) were calculated. A total of 117 plant species, belonging to 52 botanical families, were identified, highlighting: Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae, most of them being used in family feeding. Among the species with the highest importance value to the interviewees, orange, coconut, mango, cacao, cupuaçu, lemon and açaí were highlighted. The food and medicine categories were the most important to the interviewees, which indicated concern with food safety and health for the rural community, respectively. The Shannon-Wiener and Pielou equitability indexes indicated moderate diversity and lower individual heterogeneity, respectively, per species in the homegardens of the Xingu Princesa agrovila.

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important crop in Brazil, however, it is susceptible to different types of bacteria races. The objective was to study the genetic parameters of 43 F2:3 families of tomato in resistance to R. pseudosolanacearum and R. solanacearum. The families were obtained from the cross between the cultivars Yoshimatsu (resistant) and IPA-7 (susceptible). Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse at Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, one for each species of the genus R. spp. A randomized block design was used with four replications and 45 treatments. There is less influence of the environment, and greater variability for R. pseudosolanacearum than for R. solanacearum, both among and within families. For R. pseudosolanacearum it is recommended to select 10 days between families, and 20 days between and within families. R. solanacearum should be selected from families only at 20 days. Larger amounts of resistant plants were identified for R. pseudosolanacearum at any time of evaluation than for R. solanacearum.

The inadequate use and management in cropping systems in the semiarid region may decline the soil's ability to sustain the production. The objective of this work was to determine the soil quality index (SQI) in agroecological and conventional irrigated agricultural experimental units (AEU), located in the community of Sombras Grandes, Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. Simple soil samples (0-20cm) were collected from 2009 to 2012. To determine the SQI, it was used 11 quality indicators associated to the soil functions in maintain the productivity capacity over time: bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), penetration resistance (PR), water availability in soil (AWS/TP), moisture retention at -33 kPa (MR/TP), pH, phosphorus assimilable (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), soil organic matter (SOM), clay dispersed in water (CDW) and flocculation degree (FD). The SQI in agroecological and conventional irrigated AEU were classified as good (0.80) and bad (0.45), respectively. In conventional AEU there is need for agricultural practices, like injection of organic waste, that improve the FD because it was the indicator that most contributed to reduce the SQI. The SQI reflected the integrated performance of the chemical and physical properties, which can be used in making decisions about the soil use and management.

The sustainability of irrigated agricultural systems in semiarid region is based on the maintenance of its production capacity. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil quality in agroecological and conventional irrigated areas, located in the community of Sombras Grandes, Caraúbas, Rio Grande do Norte. Simple soil samples were collected (at 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm depths) from 2009 to 2012. The quality indicators used were: physical: Bulk density (Bd), Total Porosity (TP), Penetration Resistance (PR), relation of available water soil and total porosity (AWS/TP), relation of MR/TP, Flocculation Degree (FD) and Clay dispersed in water (CDW); chemicals: Hidrogen potential (pH), Phosphorus (P), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), Bases Saturation (V), Base Sum (BS), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Carbon Stock (CS), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Potassium (K+), Sodium (Na+), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) and Electric Condutivity (EC). The nonparametric Kruskal Wallis, Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis were used to evaluate soil quality. BS showed significant positive difference in agroecological area with V, TOC and CEC and in conventional area with V and CEC. The Bd, TP, CDW and FD, TOC and Al+H differed significantly and the best soil quality results were found in the agroecological area (0-20 cm). Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, CEC, P and BS were not different and the high values recorded maintained soil fertility in both areas studied. The soil productive capacity in area agroecological was maintained, without the need for chemical fertilizer.

A ciência e tecnologia de alimentos vem se destacando com suas novas propostas para o mercado. A vida atual é marcada pela busca de alimentos cada vez mais saudáveis, pois os consumidores estão buscando por uma alimentação que proporcione, além dos nutrientes básicos, algum benefício à saúde. Farinhas obtidas a partir da desidratação de frutos não convencionais estão sendo utilizadas na formulação de uma variedade de produtos a partir da substituição parcial de farináceos tradicionais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se caracterizar a farinha proveniente da polpa do fruto da castanhola. Os parâmetros analisados foram umidade 2,15% (± 0,15); cinzas 8,03% (± 0,06), proteínas 16,70% (± 0,2), lipídeos 6,30% (± 0,07), carboidratos 66,80%, pH 3,83 (± 0,02); acidez 7,40% ác. cítrico (± 0,06), Aw 0,24 (± 0,01) e Valor Energético Total 390,70 Kcal.Os resultados mostraram-se satisfatórios, sendo estes dentro dos valores estabelecidos para farinhas. Para os macronutrientes determinados, os carboidratos mostraram-se majoritários, seguido pelas proteínas.  Desta forma, a farinha da castanhola surge como uma alternativa para aplicação em diversos produtos alimentícios, seja como substituto parcial de farinhas convencionais ou mesmo como ingrediente principal na formulação de novos produtos. 

The speciesspecies Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, commonly known as purple ipe, belongs to the Bignoniaceae family. Could be used in recovery of degraded areas, landscaping or in permanent preservation areas, although there is a little amount of information about this species. Our goal in this project was to assess the seeds physiology by imbibition tests and considering germination of purple ipe seeds in different substrates and light restriction levels. For the imbibition test, seeds were immersed in distilled water and placed in two different temperatures (25 and 30 ºC) in a proportion of 100 seeds for 200 ml of distilled water. Checkpoints were set at 2, 4, 16, 24 and 48h. Light restriction tests involved 3 substrates: S1 (Soil), S2 (Sand + coconut fiber), S3 (Sand + Goat Manure) and three light conditions: 0%, 50% e 80%. During 75 days the following variables were considered: height, root collar diameter and leaf number. There were no differences observed between temperatures for the imbibition test and after 48h of imbibition almost became stable for both temperatures. Considering the light restriction test, we can deduce that the seedlings growth rate were affected by the substrates as well for the light conditions. S3 substrate with 50% of shadowing combination provided best outcome results.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of clove oil (eugenol), benzocaine and sodium chloride on the induction, return time and survival rate of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) during the transport simulation of 5 hours. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 9 treatments in three replicates: Treatment 1: control, Treatment 2: benzocaine 20 mg / L, Treatment 3: benzocaine 40 mg / L, Treatment 4: eugenol 3 ml / L, Treatment 5: eugenol, Treatment 6: eugenol 3 ml + 5 g salt, Treatment 7: eugenol 6 ml + 10 g salt, Treatment 8: 5 g / L salt, Treatment 9: 10 g / L salt. No significant difference was observed for immediate survival rate, survival rate between 24 and 48 hours. In relation to the induction times, those were lower and significant for benzocaine 40 mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and the association between eugenol and salt (6 ml / L + 10 g) in comparison with other treatments. The return times of the anesthetics benzocaine 40mg / L, eugenol 6 ml / L and conjugation between eugenol and salt (6ml / L + 10g) were lower in relation to the treatments with lower concentration. The survival rate demonstrated satisfactory results in all treatments. However, benzocaine at 40 mg / L concentration was considered the most effective anesthetic for tilapia because it presented shorter induction and recovery times.

Ice cream is a great source of energy. Among the most consumed food in the world, it has fat and sugar as main ingredients in its composition. Due the seek for healthier food, the food industry has been driven to formulate new products that offer quality together with a good nutritional value. The present work aims to develop ice cream formulations replacing the vegetable fat hydrogenated by green banana biomass, and sugar (sucrose) by sweetener sucralose. With the prepared ice creams, we carried out the physical analyzes (texture, melting, color and ° Brix) and physical-chemical (moisture ph, acidity, lipids, sugars total, reducing sugars and ash). The values obtained for the analysis of moisture, ph, acidity and ash were consistent with the legislation for formulations analyzed. Regarding the melting test, the ice cream prepared showed good resistance. In the texture and overrum analysis, samples that replaced the vegetable fat by biomass banana Green and sucrose by sucralose were the ones that required the bigger strength to extrusion (parameters texture high) and also obtained largest incorporation of air (overrum). Between the differences, it can be noted that the use of banana Green biomass intervenes significantly in the contents of lipids of the ice cream as well as its structural arrangement. The results found for analysis of lipids were three times smaller for formulations that used green banana biomass as a substitute fat hydrogenated, which proves the nutritional benefits of pulp. Finally, the formulation that used sucralose as a substitute sucrose got final value of total sugars and reducing sugars lower compared to the default formulation.

The increase in consumption of healthier foods has improved the organic fertilizers market. Aspects related to research on its agronomic quality are important in order to ensure the public health as well as environmental preservation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variability of the chemical composition of commercial vermicompounds. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with five treatments, represented by samples V1 (commercial vermicompost S), V2 (commercial vermicompost SS), V3 (commercial vermicompost B), V4 (commercial vermicompost V) and V5 (commercial vermicompost A), each one with three replicates. The analyses of pH, total organic matter, ash, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, carbon/nitrogen ratio and vermicompost mineralization index were performed in triplicate. The results showed that the commercialized vermicompost presents a great variability in their chemical composition and do not comply with the Brazilian organic fertilizer legislation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, regarding the total organic matter content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. The lack of information regarding the physical and chemical composition in the product packing is a promoter of the empirical application of vermicompost in farming and should be avoided.

Jatropha curcas is a perennial plant and appreciable concentrations of oil in its seeds. The objective of this work is to evaluate the growth and development of jatropha plants in response to different fertilization recommendations regarding organic matter and phosphorus under irrigated conditions. Was conducted experiment potted conditions in a randomized block design with four replications and one plant per plot, to evaluate the growth and development of jatropha plants in response to different fertilizer recommendations as to organic matter and phosphorus in irrigated conditions. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination 4 x 4 factorial consisting of 4 recommendations of organic fertilizer: without fertilization (0 t ha-1), recommended dose (4 t ha-1), one and a half the recommended dose (6 t ha-1) and twice the recommended dose (8 t ha-1), and 4 phosphate fertilizer recommendations (absence of phosphate fertilizer (0 kg ha-1), recommended dose (90 kg ha-1), one and a half the recommended dose (135 kg ha-1) and twice the recommended dose (180 kg ha-1). We evaluated the growth at 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 days after transplanting for containers, by measuring the plant-1 height, stem diameter, number of leaves plant-1, plant-1 leaf area and total number of branches plant-1. The recommendation of organic and phosphate fertilizer suggested by soil analysis laboratory (4 t ha-1 of organic matter and 90 kg phosphorus ha-1) was insufficient for growing jatropha plants. The isolated use of organic matter in jatropha crop fertilization promotes positive effects on all growth variables.