Repositório RCAAP

The seeds of Passiflora present low and ununiform germination, due to the presence of seed dormancy, so this dormancy must be overcome by an efficient method that increases germination rates. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of methods for overcoming dormancy of Passiflora elegans seeds. Thirty-five ripe fruits were collected in the municipality of Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul in December 2013. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa. The following methods were used to overcome dormancy: T1: seeds with tegument; T2: seeds without tegument; T3- mechanical scarification; T4: chemical scarification in concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 min; T5: stratification for 5 days at 4 °C; T6: seeds without the integument, followed by immersion in gibberellic acid GA3 (50 μM); T7: seeds without the integument, followed by immersion in paclobutrazol solution (0.1 mM). The seeds were submitted to germination test, using five replicates of 40 seeds, kept in B.O.D. at 25 °C. Germination was evaluated daily for 80 days. Were evaluated the germination percentage, speed of germination index (IVG) and speed of germination (VG). In the tetrazolium test the seeds received a pickle and were placed to soak for 16 h and cut lengthwise and immersed in 0.05% tetrazolium solution and kept in the dark in a water bath at 36 °C for 24 h. It was concluded that immersion of the seeds in GA3 (50 μM) is the best method to overcome the dormancy of P. elegans.

Vermicomposting is the process of transforming the little degraded organic material into organic matter stabilized through the action of the earthworms and the microsymbionts. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of increasing doses of vermicompost enriched with rock dust (MB4®) on soil chemical characteristics and on radish (Raphanus sativus) production.The vermicompost was prepared by incubating the mixture of cattle manure, rock dust and earthworms for 55 days. After this period the vermicompost treatments corresponding to 0; 5; 10; 15; 20 and 25 t ha-1 were incubated in the soil for 60 days. At the end of incubation, soil samples from each experimental unit were chemically analyzed.Two radish plants were harvested 30 days after sowing (after soil incubation) to be evaluated for fresh and dry shoot biomass, fresh root weight (radishes), radish longitudinal and transverse diameters and root / shoot ratio. It was found that all soil chemical characteristics were significantly influenced and varied quadratically as a function of increasing doses of vermicompost applied to the soil. The use of increasing doses of vermicompost enriched with rock dust improved soil fertility conditions providing higher yield efficiency of radish fruits. The application of vermicompost enriched with rock dust results in well developed plants favoring the production components. The average yield of radish fruits was 14.52g / plant.

The association between diet and health, as well as the increasing number of cases of food intolerances has encouraged the food industry to innovate in products that have good nutritional properties and are appreciated by both their sensory attributes and the convenience of preparation and consumption. Based on the above, this work had a prebiotic use of fructo-oligosaccharides as a substitute for conventional sugar in strawberry aerated desserts with a non-dairy matrix. For this purpose, three formulations were prepared: S1 - control - 100% sucrose, S2 - 50% sucrose and 50% (FOS) and S3 - 100% FOS; microbiological (Coliforms 35 and 45 ºC), physico-chemical (proximate composition and caloric value) and sensory analysis (color, aroma, consistency, taste, overall impression and purchase intent) were performed. All desserts met the microbiological and physico-chemical standards. For the sensory characteristics, the S1 and S2 formulations had the highest average for the evaluated attributes. Thus, it was concluded that it the preparation soy-based desserts, with replacement of sucrose by FOS is feasible, well accepted and nutritious.

The mating behavior of the moth Atheloca subrufella Hulst, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated in laboratory arenas. The descriptions of courtship and copulation in males and females were based on direct observations of virgin couples. The courtship and copulation bioassays results comprise several behavior patterns such as antennation, female searching (walking and/or flying); female encounter; female calling behavior; exhibition of pheromone gland; male approach and copulation. For that, courtship and copulation behavior ethograms were presented. The results also suggest that the mating behavior in A. subrufella is mediated by a long-range pheromone and the presence of a short-range pheromone. In overall, this research presents itself as a basis study to further investigations upon A. subrufella sex pheromone and to improve the development of new strategies of behavioral control techniques.

The urban vegetation is concentrated in the squares and distributed along the streets and avenues. The squares are urban public spaces that encourage socialization and leisure, besides promoting contact of the population with nature. Given its importance, the objective was to evaluate the floristic composition and diversity of tree species present in five squares of the city of Iporá, Goiás, by identifying all individuals with more than 15 cm in diameter and 5 m in height. For this, surveys were conducted in five squares of the city, which were drawn from a previous selection of squares with greater use, aesthetic significance, landscape and representative area. Absolute and relative density, absolute and relative frequency for each species were calculated, as well as the Shannon-Weaver diversity index. It was measured identified 198 tree individuals from 33 species, belonging to 19 botanical families, being Fabaceae and Chrysobalanaceae the most representative. The afforestation of public squares in the municipality of Iporá is represented by most exotic species for the Cerrado, and a medium diversity. Caesalpinia pluviosa and Licania tomentosa are the most frequent species, representing 47,47% of all individuals.

This study assesses the in vitro fungitoxic effect of the red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) on mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The experiment had a completly randomized design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, with two types of extracts (ethanolic and hydroethanolic) applied in ten concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0). Each extract was added to PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium and poured in Petri dishes. The dishes were inoculated with 1 cm diameter disc containing fungal mycelia and incubated for seven days at 27±2°C. To verify the difference among treatments, we estimated the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI) and index of mycelial growth speed (IMGS). All concentrations of both extracts inhibited the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides when compared to the negative control. The complete inhibition was obtained when the ethanolic extract was used in the highest concentration (5.0%) and surpassed 50% of inhibition with 2% concentration, being superior to the hydroethanolic extract that in maximum concentration inhibited only 27.5% of fungus growth. Thus, under in vitro conditions, the ethanolic extract of red bell pepper at showed to be promising in the control of C. gloeosporioides. The concentration of 5.0% promoted the greatest inhibitory effect.

This study reveals the vulnerability of the Ecuadorian banana industry to diseases caused by leaf spotting of Sigatoka, which affects the productivity of banana plantations. The pathogen was described and information was collected from several scientific articles and studies in banana producer’s countries, as a result of the theoretical review evidence of reduced production, increased doses and applications of fungicides. Generating a greater environmental impact as a result of the phytosanitary control mechanisms that in turn increase production costs becoming an unsustainable production system.

The objective of this study was to classify the seeds of aguano (Swietenia macrophylla King) and matamatá (Eschweilera juruensis R. Knuth) according to the desiccation tolerance by the SCR method (Seed Coat Ratio), test of 100 seeds, and by the conventional protocol. The experiment was carried out at the Forest Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Federal University of Acre. For conducting the experiments using the SCR method, 40 seeds dissected in wrap and embryonic axis were used. For the test of 100 seeds, two environments were used, dry control and wet control. For the conventional method, the seeds of S. macrophylla were subjected to drying at 6 and 5% and E. juruensis to drying at 12 and 5%, both species stored for 90 days with 5% of moisture content. The emergency test was used to assess vigor. The SCR method for the seeds of S. macrophylla was P = 0.0046, classified as orthodox and the seeds of E. juruensis classified as recalcitrant with P = 0.96. In the 100 seeds test, 15% drying caused 76% germination for S. macrophylla and the loss of vigor of E. juruensis seeds after drying. When submitted to drying at 5% and stored for 90 days, the seeds of S. macrophylla showed an emergence of 93%, whereas the seeds of E. juruensis did not maintain vigor. The physiological classification of forest species according to desiccation and storage tolerance for Swietenia macrophylla classified as orthodox and Eschweilera juruensis as recalcitrant.

The pressure on natural resources for agriculture and livestock activities has caused changes and losses of ecosystem services essential to the well-being of populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of deforestation on climate change in areas of agriculture and livestock exploitation in the city of Currais-PI. A space time analysis of land use and land cover in the municipality was carried out over a 32-year time series (1986 to 2018), correlating with meteorological variables. To perform the space time analysis Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images were used, acquired free of charge from the National Institute for Space Research (INPE), between june and october. Meteorological data (mean maximum temperature, relative humidity and total precipitation) were obtained from the website of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). During the study period there was a decrease of 15.90% of the native vegetation and simultaneously changes in the microclimate, with a 2,06 °C increase in temperature and a 25% decrease in relative humidity. The progressive pressure on native vegetation for land use and land cover caused quick changes in the natural landscape and microclimate of the region.

This study aimed to evaluate the production and quality of landrace corn silage produced in traditional system (TS) compared to the agroforestry system (AFS). The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and six replications. The silage was made in experimental silos of laboratory. Were evaluated physical and organoleptic characteristics (proportion of grains, smell, color, moisture, and particle size), agronomic parameters (stage of grain, height, number of dry leaves and dry weight of fractions of plants) and content of dry matter (DM). The height of the plants varied in the TS and AFS systems, being 15.55% higher in the TS. The stem component was the one that had the largest participation in the plant mass (49.41%), followed by the leaves (25.96%), in the TS, being higher than the values observed in the AFS. Lower values were observed for DM of the stem (23.48%), leaf (40.65%), straw (37.73%), cob (31.63%) and grains (32.28%) of plants harvested at TS, in relation to AFS, who presented values of 26.72, 59.37, 66.09, 44.30 and 43.04%, respectively, for the fractions. The levels of DM of the corn silages (whole plant) did not differ between the two systems, being 31.35% for the TS and 33.06% for the AFS, presenting an average of 32.2%. The cultivation of corn in the AFS presents less potential for production of the fiber fraction (stems and leaves) than at TS, however higher grain production was observed in AFS. The silage produced presented adequate DM level in both systems.

Biodegradable plastics based on starch have acquired considerable importance in view of their possibility of replacing the conventional plastics derived from fossil sources. The aims of this research was to evaluate the effect of the addition of keratin (0, 10 and 20%, relative to the amount of starch) from chicken feathers on the properties of corn-glycerol starch biofilms. Films is obtained by casting and the tests to obtain and characterize them were conducted in the physicochemical and chemical processes laboratories from Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Nova Cruz. The parameters thickness, weight, density, transparency, humidity, water solubility and biofilms water vapor permeability were evaluate. The values of transparency, thickness, weight and density of the films no affected with treatments applied. The water solubility and the water vapor permeation rate of the films reduced with increasing amount of keratin.

A complex organizational environment and two new challenges in two markets led to the intensive exploitation and consequent degradation of two natural resources, which, or monitoring two agroecosystems and indispensable for the development of productive units. At this juncture, or work objectively endorse the sustainability of agricultural activity in Nhocuene, Gaza Province, Mozambique. Or I was conducted through an interview directed to producers and analyzed based on content analysis techniques. 23 indicators of the ecological and socioeconomic dimension. The results show that there are sustainable agroecosystemic Nhocuene systems in the ecological and socioeconomic dimension. This can be justified by the level of sustainability obtained in the following dimensions: (i) ecological production (4), intensity of use of area (3), organic material with origin of property (4), variation of production (4), area organic farming (0), diversity of alternative techniques (3) and crop loss (3); (ii) economic and economic control of two prices of two products (3), financial control of the activities performed (0), presentation of two products to the market (1), destination of the product produced (3) and difficulty in accessing the product. rural credit (3) and (i) social - people employed by ha (2), satisfaction with the activity developed (4), educational level (4), participation in agricultural courses (0), organizations and associations (0) and satisfaction with public technical assistance (4). As potentialities of the agroecosystem, the means found for: (i) ecological dimension - water availability (10), areas with erosion (10); (ii) economic dimension to productive diversity for family consumption or consumption (9) and drought resistance (10) and (iii) social dimension - health status of two producers (10). Based on the results, it was concluded that two academic professionals with technical assistance in Nhocuene should consider two family farmers academically.

Ver-o-Peso Complex is located in the city of Belém, Pará, and is considered the largest free market in Latin America. The Fish Iron Market is part of this complex, and is where fish is marketed, filleting is processed, and other types of cuts occur, which generate waste. The aim of this study was to conduct a survey on the generation and disposal of fish waste generated in the Fish Iron Market of Ver-o-Peso Complex. Data were collected in 2015 and 2018, and information on fish waste was obtained by applying forms with market vendors. Additionally, fish waste was sorted and weighed, and divided in type 1 (skin), type 2 (carcass), and type 3 (others), the latter encompassing other types of waste. In 2018, 1,845.65 kg of fish waste was generated in one single day, and fish carcass was the most recurring waste category. The other categories were low and were not found in the intestines, as fish is usually eviscerated while still on board the vessel. Most merchants produce 50 kg or more of waste per box daily, and most of this waste is disposed in landfills. The majority of merchants who produced the waste from which the sample was collected were familiar with the use of fish waste in the production of fertilizers, animal feed, and human food. The most frequent waste item in the Fish Iron Market of Ver-o-Peso Complex is carcass, and the quantification of this waste reaches a total value higher than one ton per day.

This research aims to characterize the livelihoods and identify the uses of the forest for food, health, construction and fuel of families living in the Tucuruí Lake Conservation Units Mosaic, state of Pará. producer typology, defined from data collection by secondary sources, and application of a questionnaire containing open questions, aided by interview script and photographic record. For sampling, the method named snowball was used. Twelve interviews were conducted, 3 for fisherman, farmer, fisherman / farmer and non-agricultural income types. It was found that the livelihood types found are the main ones within the Lake region. Each type has its own peculiarity, but all somehow make use of forest resources. For food, the types that most hunt are non-agricultural income, fisherman and fisherman / farmer, the non-agricultural income and farmer types are the ones that collect the most fruits. The non-agricultural income type proved to be the type that most collects forest species for medicinal use. In the use of wood for fuel and construction the types fisherman / farmer, farmer and fisherman stand out, while for sale of wood stand out the fisherman / farmer and non-agricultural income. In general, the forest is of great importance for all types of rural families, as it contributes to the generation of income, as well as to the productive systems, food and health care, always in the sense of guaranteeing a financial economy and quality of life.

Non-biodegradable polymeric materials have become a problem due to their long degradation time in the environment. Thus, studies show interest in the development of polymeric films and mixtures of these as functional materials in the most diverse areas, especially due to their characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Therefore, the objective was to develop and characterize edible films produced by polymeric blends, composed of natural polysaccharides, aiming at their use as edible coatings for fruits. Seven polymeric films were developed using the casting technique: film 1 (Chitosan), film 2 (Pectin), film 3 (Cassava Starch), film 4 (Chitosan + Pectin), film 5 (Chitosan + Cassava Starch), film 6 (Pectin + Cassava Starch) and film 7 (Chitosan + Pectin + Cassava Starch). All presented homogeneous surfaces and without phase separation. Regarding optical properties, all obtained high luminosity, the most opaque being those of chitosan, presenting L * 77.40 ± 0.28 (4). Regarding the barrier properties, the solubility values were lower in those containing chitosan due to their insolubility in water, 22% for 1 and 18% for 5. The films formed by the blends provided a reduction in the water permeation rate without compromise its characteristics, such as 4 and 5, with a rate of 14.15 g.m-2.h-1 and 20.43 g.m-2.h-1, respectively.

Maize is grown throughout Brazil and used for feeding humans and animals and as a raw material for biofuels and industry. Its yield is impaired by of soil and water degradation, such as salinization, which is more serious in semi-arid regions. Three experiments were carried out in different soils (Acrisol, Cambisol, and Fluvisol) of the state of Rio Grande do Norte with the objective of evaluating biochar effect on dry mass and nutrient content of maize plants irrigated with saline water. The treatments were applied in PVC columns in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural Semiarid University, in Mossoró, according to a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme with four replications. The factors studied were biochar doses (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%) and irrigation water salinity levels (0.57, 2.65, and 4.5 dS m-1). Biochar was obtained from the carbonization of Prosopis juliflora (Sw.). At 40 days after emergence, the shoot dry mass and the plant contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis. Responses of shoot dry mass and maize nutrient contents indicate that biochar can mitigate irrigation water salinity, depending on the dose applied and the soil type.

In order to evaluate the fiber characteristics of the different cotton cultivars, a research field was carried out in the Quixeramobim, Ceará, municipality, where the geographical coordinates Latitude (S ) 05 ° 11'57 ''S, Longitude (W) 39 ° 17'34''W and Altitude (M) 191. The local rainfall varies from 700 to 750 mm. These rains are concentrated in the period from January to June. The time of the Quixeramobim planting, was in February characterizing like normal crop. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and twenty treatments. The experimental plot consisted of four linear 5-meter lines, spacing 0.90 meters between rows, 6 to 9 plants / m. The useful area of the plot used to obtain the data were the two central lines, in this test the strains and or cultivars were used referring to the year/crop 2019. It was concluded that there are phenotypic variability the treatments presented significant differences for the majority BRS 416, BRS 286 and BRS 293 are the best performance because they associated the best averages for feather productivity and fiber characteristics.

Agroforestry systems (SAFs) promote agro-ecosystem sustainability through energy interactions and nutrient cycling through the production and decomposition of biomass on the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the leaf decomposition of species used in green manure and economic interest in agroforestry systems. The study was carried out at the experimental SAF of the Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA). Analyze a leaf decomposition of six species, being cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.), coumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Forsyth) and black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) pig (Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC.) , gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth) species of green manure. To follow the decomposition, use the sandbag method with avocado experiments in the rainiest and least rainy temperatures. The remaining leaf mass data were statistically analyzed by the Tukey test and adjusted using a non-linear equation to check the decomposition constant (k) and half-life (t1 / 2). As species indicated for green manure, they present the highest decomposition rates until the end of the experiment, in which gliricides and pig grains are obtained as the highest rates. Among the species chosen for economic interest, black pepper shows the return of nutrients to the upper soil such as cocoa and cocoa species. The dry season lost mass loss slower than the rainy season.

Landfill percolate is a liquid produced from physical, chemical and biological processes to which municipal solid waste is subjected to landfills. It has a variable physicochemical composition and may contain high levels of nutrients, thus being used in plant fertilization. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of sunflower plants irrigated with water of moderate salinity and with nutritional supplementation with landfill percolate. The experiment was carried out in experimental area under a completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 factorial design (1: 100% fine grained sand - NBR 6502; 2: sand + mixed organic fertilizer (sugarcane bagasse mix, cattle manure, chicken manure, wood sawdust and agricultural plaster) and fertilizer 80 kg N ha-1, 3: sand + landfill percolate 80 kg N ha-1, and 4: sand + landfill percolate 160 kg N ha-1) and two saline concentrations of irrigation (distilled water or 60 mM NaCl solution), with 10 repetitions in 12 L pots. Growth analyzes (height, stem diameter, leaf number), relative chlorophyll content and chapter diameter were performed. Under the experimental conditions employed, sandy substrate, landfill percolate concentrations used promoted increases in all growth variables analyzed in sunflower seedlings, especially at 80 Kg N ha-1. Irrigation with 60 mM NaCl solution did not cause negative effects on growth variables, thus demonstrating the moderate tolerance of sunflower plants to salinity in sandy substrate.

Renewable energies arise as a way of mitigating the environmental damages caused by traditional of energy sources, as well as offering a diversification of the energy matrix. Among the many energetic vectors possible, microalgae are a good choice for power generation due to their high conversion capacity of solar energy into chemical energy, broadening the possibilities of obtaining algal biomass in energetic applications. Through them, it's possible to produce biodiesel, bioethanol, methane gas and hydrogen gas as fuel. The present work evaluates the energy potential of the microalga Oedogonium sp. through its physical-chemical analysis and the calorific value, as well as the viability of its densification in the form of pellets, to be used as a solid combustion material. For this, calorimetric, thermogravimetric and immediate analyzes were performed, where in the latter it was possible to obtain the moisture, ash, fixed carbon and volatile contents present in the biomass. The results found in the analyzes were satisfactory, in which the higher calorific value was 16,13 MJ/kg, higher than that found for firewood, and in the standards imposed by European, Swedish and international standards for pellets.