RCAAP Repository

Workplace incivility is defined as rude behaviour that violates social norms at work. It has been linked to psychological distress (burnout), mainly in healthcare and educationalsettings. Burnout is a serious public health concern. Studies addressing the impact of workplace incivility on employee well-being in the hospitality industry are scarce. Theprimary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between workplace incivility and burnout among hotel employees. Cross-sectional data for 385 Portuguese hotel employees(54% male; Mage = 33.9, SD = 11.3) were analysed using bootstrap regression models. Results revealed that (1) supervisor incivility was significantly more frequent than coworkerincivility; (2) supervisor and co-worker incivility were significant positive predictors of emotional exhaustion and cynicism, the core components of burnout; (3) supervisorincivility was the stronger predictor of emotional exhaustion, and co-worker incivility the stronger predictor of cynicism; and (4) severe burnout was highly prevalent in our sample.This study provides insight into the phenomena of workplace incivility and burnout among Portuguese hotel employees. Our results have practical value for management strategiesaiming to prevent or reduce burnout, which in turn has the potential to enhance individual, group, customer and organizational outcomes within the hospitality industry.

In the Europe of the XV century, the administrative rules do not concern only in the cities. There are many lands, which can practice these functions. They are usually called “the other cities”, and they can either obtain or lose this identity-condition. Therefore, whichever instrument is necessary to construct and conserve them. The history of Cava, a middle town in the Kingdom of Naples (XV century), can show this by one of its most important privilege: the “White Paper”, which Ferdinando I of Aragon gave to the citizen who returned it without changes. What were the reasons? Analysing what happened in Cava’s society during the medieval (XV) and modern (XVII) age, this paper should both rebuild the historical motivations about this document and show how the role of white paper changes in relation to the construction of citizens’ identity depending on the timeline.

The Route of the Holy Grail was presented FITUR 2017 (Madrid, January 2017) by the Agència Valenciana del Turisme. It involves structuring a routethat connects the communities of Aragon and Valencia by use of touristic description that encompasses history, art, rituals and oral traditions and which is based on the knowledge of what was known in the Middle Ages as the “search for the Grail”. In this article we wish to show the importance of the oral tradition that has been received and perpetuated through an object of fundamental importance: the Holy Chalice, safeguarded in the Cathedral of Valencia. In addition to presenting its history and verifying it as a tangible patrimonial asset, the Holy Chalice is  underpinned by intangible oral traditions that allow us to establish a route, a new path of knowledge from San Juan de la Peña to Valencia.The methodology of our work is centered on reviewing the available documented sources about the Route of the Holy Grail and contrasting them with those agents who have intervened in them - their contributions and promotion of this heritage - with the aim of clearly identifying the principal force behind the generation of this historic, artistic and religious route. At the same time, we are contributing to cultural tourism from the perspective of art history by constructing a touristic description based on the knowledge and study of the local heritage. We also present the work carried out by the Association of the Camino del Santo Grial to structure this overland route from San Juan de la Pena to the Cathedral of Valencia.In the Conclusion section, we close our research article with an explanation of how Valencia, Territorio Grial can offer a new type of tourism full of intangible richness for the intrepid visitor who wishes to learn about and experience the search for the Grail.

In this paper we use data collected from historical documentation to contribute to a better understanding of the quality of nourishment in southern Europe, in particular, in the Portuguese Algarve. We analyse the typology of the food provided to the prisoners, considering that strong budget constrains in prisons. Also, a trial to understand whether this typology corresponds to an appropriate example of the Mediterranean Diet framework or not.In general terms, the way how people living in the ancient town of Loulé were nourished, during the last years of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century, is known due to the studies developed by hygienist Geraldino Brites in 1911 and published in 1914.But we did not know what prisoners in jail used to eat daily, or who was responsible for their nourishment, until we read the documentary collection concerning the prison of Loulé which is deposited in the Municipal Archive of Loulé.Because studies providing information on the system prevailing in prisons are rare, our study offers precious information related to dietary priorities and food awareness related nourishment of the prisoners, or situations of strong budgetary restrictions.

The premise of this investigation conceives of Western colonization as the central factor shaping modern history and contemporary geopolitics. In a local context, it perceives of the Zionist project from its inception as colonial, created by European Jews, supported by western powers and based upon perceived civilizational supremacy of western modernity.The Zionist movement affected not only the fate of Palestinian Arabs, but also the native Jewish population and Jewish migrants from Muslim countries to Eretz Israel/Palestine. This research follows political organizations consisting of non-European Jews, autochthonous in the Middle Eastern region, named here Oriental and Sephardic Jews. This research examines Sephardic and Oriental political debates that resisted the colonial postulates of the Zionist state. First, the genealogy of these debates since the beginning of Zionist settlement at the end of the 19th century is presented. This is followed by a description of the fragmentation that the establishment of the state of Israel, as a European enclave in its region, caused these autochthonous Jews. Together these elements form the historical layout of sociological inquiry into a particular discourse of autochthonous Zionism in the 1960s, as it developed on the pages of “In the Battle”, a cultural-political journal.

Mountain tourism represents 15–20% of the tourist industry, corresponding to receipts of around 70–90 billion US$ per year. Mountains are attractive tourism destinations because people view them as natural and sacred places with plenty of social, cultural and symbolic meanings. The present study is a conceptual work that debates the link between mountain destination image with place-attachment by summarizing, systematizing and discussing the distinct, yet connected, image and place-attachment constructs.Based on an extensive literature review focusing on the concepts of place-attachment, destination image and social and cultural meanings of mountains, the study provides a framework which allows the assessment of the emotional and functional bonds that tourists can establish with mountain places. Systematization of the literature review should permit a deeper understanding of the diverse meanings and values associated with mountains, increasing our awareness of their social and cultural value. The model sheds light on the diverse dimensions of mountain destination image and their potential link to tourists’ place-attachment, which is most interesting for sustainable mountain tourism development.Although the model’s validation would further improve our understanding of the relationships between the constructs, the relations already identified in the literature review justify a consideration of the presented dimensions. This more detailed comprehension may enhance tourist mountain destination planning, as well as marketing and management, thus helping mountain DMOs promote distinct and unique mountain features that attract tourists and involve them emotionally with the mountain areas visited and dreamt of.

Up until the 1960s, Tagus Estuary traditional boats played an important role in the functioning of the economy of the region and city of Lisbon as a transport mode used for the movement of goods between the banks of the Tagus and as support to the movement of cargo to and from the ships anchored in the Port of Lisbon. However, technological progress and development of regional transport system observed afterwards led to functional disuse and gradual decline of these boats. In the 1980s, social and institutional acknowledgement of their cultural and patrimonial value provided for the launch of the process of recuperation and preservation of these traditional boats. However, nowadays the preservation of these patrimonial elements faces a complex of new challenges which in some cases threat their sustainability. Supported by the analysis of the valorisation process of the Tagus Estuary traditional boats and based on experience of various local stakeholders, the article analyses, discusses and systematizes major contemporary challenges for the preservation of these traditional boats.

The Mediterranean diet, considered Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2013, represents a complete and balanced food model with numerous benefits for health, longevity and quality of life, it is characterized by the consumption of fresh produce and of the time, by the frugality, simplicity and sharing a meal.Despite being a small farmer, Portugal can bet on cultural diversification and differentiation arising from the intrinsic quality of these products allowed by the unique climate and soil conditions.Due to its work process design, can collaborate with the company, it can draw solutions with and for the people, taking into account technical, environmental and economic constraints associated. Through design we can develop partnerships, complement the offering, create educational activities to community, develop a narrative that shows that behind the products there is a history, a way of being and draw an experience based on the nutritional value of the offer and the recommendation of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid.We purpose a model that allows Portuguese agro-food SMEs to evaluate the collaboration of design. The model builds a narrative that has underlying the motivation and values which are at the origin of the product and the company and it allows designing an experience based on the nutritional value of the product and the recommendation of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid to improve healthy eating habits or focus on a subject where the food has a decisive role.Silves town is applying the design evaluation model in investment in the new brand - “Silves, capital da laranja”. Its goal is to give notoriety to orange and producers in that region by associating to the name of Silves, recognized for its tangible and intangible heritage, and to the quality and accuracy with which orange is produced.

Handmade dolls, plastic, wood, glass, ceramic, any mineral, soil, plaster, leather, cloth and so on. They are human form toys made of materials. Handmade dolls art is the world’s oldest hand-crafted art that emerged from the assessment of the increased fragments available to show the future responsibility of the mother of the daughter-in-law.Handmade dolls collectors and decorators do not have any jobs in our society and they have characteristics that appeal to people of all ages. The ornaments that complement the clothing such as dolls, ethnic dolls, different national dresses, necklaces, ear, wrists and necklaces, earrings, bracelets and rings attached to fingers carry all traces of folk culture and art.These dolls, which are produced with different materials under different names in different regions of our country, take their names according to the material they are making and they reflect the characteristics of the area in terms of production and clothes. This study aims to introduce handmade doll varieties which are made in Turkey and are still being made. Doll varieties will be supported by visuals while giving information about the construction techniques to be categorized according to the material used.

Interpreting Past as one of the basic human traits is the main thread of this paper.Addressing communication delivery of meaning, usage and construction methods of Cultural Landmarks within tourism phenomenon that provides information and knowledge to everyone, regardless of their schooling level and qualifications. Chosen examples and issues explored: Embodying Cultural Reference - Canopus of Emperor Hadrian’s Villa at Tivoli near Rome Adoptive Reconstruction - Teatro Olimpico Palladio’s Renaissance performance space in Vicenza inspired by ancient Roman architect Vitruvius’ treaties on theatre construction.Shared Intentions and Structural Expressions - Hattusha - Cumae: Striking programmatic and tectonic similarity and documentary evidence that help comparative understanding and interpretation of both heritage sites. Tangible - Intangible Heritage - Omphalos / Naval of the world: Mediterranean stone markers at ancient oracle sites and possible ritual use of specially trained birds.The closing statements reflect on the culture, needs and psychological underpinnings of the tourism phenomenon as wonder experiences. The seven wonders of the Greco-Roman world exemplify the out of the ordinary character of major heritage sites. Strategies of interpretation that acknowledge and attempt to understand the original building and placing motivations can enrich the experiences of contemporary visitors.

Art of animation has developed very rapidly from the aspects of script, sound and music, motion, character design, techniques being used and technological tools being developed since the first years until today. Techical variety attracts a particular attention in the art of animation. Being perceived as a kind of illusion in the beginning; animations commonly used the Flash Sketch technique. And then tools like Magical Lantern, Thaumatrope, Phenakisticope and Zeotrap were developed and started to be used intensely in the first years of the art of animation. Today, on the other hand, the art of animation is affected by developments in the computer technology. It is possible to create three dimensional and two dimensional animations with the help of various computer softwares. Cut-out technique is among the important techniques being used in the art of animation. Cut-out animation technique is based on the art of paper cutting. This study titled “Cut-out Animation as an Technic and Development Inside History Process” will embrace the art of paper cutting, the relationship between the art of paper cutting and cut-out animation, its development within the historical process, animation artists producing artworks in this field, important cut-out animations and their technical properties.

Increasingly, tourist information on the Internet comes from the content generated by users, being no longer limited to the communications of tourism professionals and government entities. At the same time, the comments, opinions and reviews made by consumers are the type of information which tourists value the most. This reality means that the Internet has become an extremely valuable source of information for prospective travelers. This study aims to identify and characterize the behavior patterns of tourists on social media during and after their travels, specifically: who are the tourists who create content, what leads them to have this initiative, and what behaviors stand out on each of these platforms. The methodology is based on a questionnaire survey, which was applied to tourists. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistical methods, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. It is possible to categorize tourists according to three perspectives regarding use of social media during and after the trip: those who prefer review websites, those who prefer social networks and those who don’t particularly use social media in general.

Mobile devices are the most used technology tools to access the Internet since they allow access from anywhere. This possibility has prompted companies to focus, to a greater extent, strategies based on geolocation marketing. Geolocation is a tool through which people or places can be located and have very diverse functionalities and applications. Location-Based Services (LBS) allow businesses to incorporate these types of tools into their digital marketing strategies. Social networks based on location services (LBSNS or Location-Based Social Network System) allow businesses to access information on the location of customers in real time. The present study provides more information on LBS and geolocation marketing, also known as geomarketing, analyzing the utility and benefits that this tool has to digital marketing and social networks and the importance of its technological adoption. To achieve this objective, a thorough review of technology adoption literature was carried out and a series of interviews were made with experts and professionals in its two aspects: digital marketing and information technologies. The results show the way in the tourism sector, these tools are managed, the means in which they are active, the LBS systems used, the utility and benefits they perceive from them, as well as the importance and efforts that they dedicate to them.This study reaches relevant conclusions for tourism professionals interested in incorporating LBS and geomarketing strategies into their businesses, as well as researchers interested in the behavior in Location-Based Services.

The main aim of this paper is to research the preferences of accommodation service users in regard to integration of private accommodation facilities often called private household accommodation into an integrated hotel. This innovative form of accommodation provides a higher level of service, which directly affects the competitiveness of a hospitality offer. A summarised literature review is presented in the paper and, as it concerns a modern problem area, it represents a new insight and contribution to new knowledge. In the paper, the results of the conducted empirical research are exposed and discussed.The research reveals that users of accommodation in apartments do not clearly recognise the new form of the innovative accommodation offer, its concept, facilities or services.The paper represents a valuable contribution to the research of tourists’ preferences for integrated hotels in comparison with private accommodation and points to the aspects which should be implemented.

The purpose of this research was to examine the mediating effect of empowerment on the linkage between Total Quality Management (TQM) and service recovery performance in the hotel industry. Although much has been written about TQM, empowerment and service recovery performance, but the role of empowerment as a mediator in the relationship between TQM and service recovery performance has remained a relatively unexplored research area. A 93-item questionnaire is designed to measure TQM, empowerment and service recovery amongst employees in five-star hotels in Jordan, and 254 usable questionnaires were used in this study. Principal components analysis determined the factor structure and regression analysis determined the relationships between the study’s variables. The results revealed that the TQM implementations have positive effects on empowerment and service recovery performance. Moreover, the study found the full mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between TQM and service recovery performance. Implications, limitations and future research are discussed at the end. This study proposes model of influence of TQM in service recovery performance, whereby empowerment fully mediates this relationship.

Job satisfaction is one of the most widely studied variables in the field of organizational behavior. The touristic sector has been an increasingly economically relevant sector in Portugal. An empirical study was developed in a tourist Resort in Algarve, in order to analyse the level of the employees’ job satisfaction. A specifically questionnaire developed to this sector was applied to 221 employees. The employees who have been in the organization for more years feel less job satisfaction and are overall less satisfied with the organization; employees who have completed a higher education have higher job motivation levels. Future studies should apply this holistic job satisfaction questionnaire, in order to could compare results in this activity sector.

The changing trends in the marketplace and the proliferation of events, have become a reality in which those responsible for managing them seek adequate differentiation strategiesthrough brand management approaches. Although brand personality has been studied in the case of different products, the theory has not been analysed in music festivals contexts. Thisstudy aims to analyse what extent is the scale of brand personality developed by Aaker et al. (2001) useful to characterize the brand personality of musical festivals?This research focuses on the study of four of the most iconic music festivals in Portugal: Rock in Rio, MEO Sudoeste, Optimus/NOS Alive and Super Bock Super Rock. Empiricaldata was collected from university students whose profile matches the profile of the target segments of these four events. This study contributes to the theory as it elaborates on theBP scale in the special case of musical events. It will be also particularly useful to musical events’ organisers as it will enrich their knowledge about the most relevant personality traitsthat best characterizes this kind of events brands.

Trough a narrative literature review, this article frames the evolution of destination image within the evolution of destination branding. Main theories used, methodologies, relevant findings and implications to marketing practice are identified. Four relevant conclusions are extracted: first, recent studies of destination image research tend to adopt a joint cognitiveaffective approach in an attempt to capture destination image in a more effective way; second, the dimensions of destination image (overall image, affective image and cognitive image) affect consumer satisfaction and consumer loyalty differently; third, the current academic perspective on destination branding is mostly based on the notion that destination image is not susceptible of being easily changed by marketing efforts. Finally, residents, as privileged interpreters of place image should be called to participate in branding efforts.

This study examines German-speaking second home owners on Gran Canaria, Spain as an example of one of the growing groups of non-conventional tourists. International second home ownership has been increasing rapidly over the last decades with Spain and particularly the Canary Islands being a hot spot for residential tourism. Despite the maturity of the destination, there are few studies on second home tourists on the Canary Islands. Moreover, while second home tourism, including its international forms, has been present as a distinct type of tourism, academic attention has not sufficiently compared and counterposed mass and residential tourism. The aim of this paper is to investigate distinctions between second home and mass tourists to define the features of non-conventional travellers in light of the contemporary growth of alternative ways to engage in recreation. This paper argues that second home tourism reflects the emerging tourism trends of “home stay tourism” and “living like a local” that will reshape the nature of mass tourism as well as receiving destinations. In order to understand the features of rapidly growing alternative or non-mass tourists, this paper examines the experiences of German-speaking second home owners on Gran Canaria. The results reveal a number of distinctive features that collectively help to understand contemporary non-conventional tourists.

Academic production on residential tourism and retirement migration historically focus on movements of arrival in receiving countries. This assumes both the uni-directionality of migrations and the importance of analysing immigrations from the host society point of view. Other types of migratory flows or mobility such as re-emigrations, return movements or transnationalism are left aside from the academic agenda. One of the factors that difficult the analysis of issues such as re-emigration or return migration is the arduousness of capturing these movements in migration statistics. Even when we have access to such sources of information, their interpretation must be very prudent, since numbers do not always reflect real migrations. In this paper, we focus our analysis both on the British population living in Spain, their arrivals and, mainly, out-migrations. Moreover, the result of the referendum of 23th May 2016 could be key to understanding future exit movements. We will use the Residential Variation Statistics (RVS) developed by the National Statistics Institute (INE) to try to shed some light on this topic.