RCAAP Repository

Equipments used to register weather conditions became more accessible. However, studies that accurately quantify microclimatic conditions in forest ecosystems are still rare. This study aimed to describe and analyze the variations in the air temperature, air relative humidity and soil temperature in an Atlantic Forest fragment located in Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge, Capela, Sergipe, Brazil. Weather stations programmed to record every 30 min over a period of one year were installed inside a forest area, composed by late successional species forming dense canopy, and in a 0.1 ha forest gap. Results showed that the microclimate in the dense canopy forest was less variable than in the forest gap, where daily and seasonal variations were more intense. The average air and soil temperatures were 0.6 ºC and 2.5 ºC higher in the forest gap, while the average air humidity was 6.9% higher in the dense forest. The Angstron index indicated a higher risk of wildfire occurrence in the gap.

In the paper " Phenology of Cariniana pyriformis in the Magdalena Medio region of Santander, northeastern Colombia", DOI: 10.4336/2018.pfb.e201701414, published in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, v. 38, 2018, on the first page, where it reads:“DOI: 10.4336/2018.pfb.e201701414”,it should read:“DOI: 10.4336/2018.pfb.38e201701414”

The growth of mirindiba (Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne) seedlings at different concentrations of composted sewage sludge (LEC), commercial substrate (SC) and water slides (L) was evaluated. The experimental design, in split plots, had 4 replications, arranged in 3 L and 5 different treatments. The height, number of leaves, stem diameter, roots and shoot dry mass and the Dickson quality index (IQD) were evaluated. The use of SC + LEC showed the best results for all different parameters, but the IQD suggests the use of 100% LEC with L2 irrigation (25.5 mm 9 min by day).

This work aimed to determine efficient methods for dormancy breaking in Dimorphandra mollis Benth seeds. The seeds were collected from mother trees in the municipality of Buriti, Maranhão State, Brazil. They were submitted to the following treatments: control (T1); mechanical scarification with sandpaper No. 60 (T2); chemical scarification with 98% lye (sodium hydroxide) for 15 min (T3); chemical scarification with sulfuric acid 99.9% for 20 min (T4) and thermal-shock with water (T5). In a greenhouse, we used 16 seeds per treatment, divided into four replications, in a completely randomized design. The evaluations started on the third day after seeds were treated and it was carried out until 17 days after sowing. The percentage of emerged seeds and the emergence speed index were evaluate. The mechanical scarification treatment with sandpaper (T2) and the chemical scarification with sulfuric acid (T4) were efficient to overcome the seed coat impermeability , but the mechanical scarification is the safest method for users to overcome seed dormancy.

Outros organismos podem ser empregados no controle da vespa de madeira, além do nematóide Deladenus siricidicola . É o caso do parasitóide Megarhyssa nortoni . Sua introdução no Brasil ocorreu com um número limitado de exemplos e, até o momento, não foi possível determinar seu estabelecimento. Após 20 anos da introdução, recebemos relatos de adultos de M. nortoni capturados em Santa Catarina. Identifica várias variedades de adultos parasitados ou determina o seu estabelecimento no território brasileiro.

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of the landscape structure on the vegetation structure and how this influence is affected by investigation scale. The study was carried out in the Agroextractivist Settlement Praialta Piranheira, Nova Ipixuna, Para State, Brazil. We used floristic inventory (vegetation variables) and satellite image (landscape metrics). The sample plots were spatialized in buffers (100, 200, 300 and 500 m of circumference). We observed influence of landscape metrics, especially the amount of forest habitat, on the vegetation structure and the importance to select the most suitable metrics considering the study objective.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sorbitol and on the growth period on minimum growth and subsequent resumed growth of Luehea divaricata shoots. Two tests were performed, one of minimal growth and the other of resumed growth. In the presence of sorbitol at minimum growth there was a reduction in averages of survival, establishment, number of leaves and primary and secondary roots. When the period was considered, it was observed a reduction at 30 days followed by increase and stabilization in averages of primary and secondary roots, and number of leaves and of shoots. The presence of sorbitol promoted a significant reduction in averages, in the resumed growth, for survival, establishment, number of leaves and of shoots. A decrease of averages in survival and establishment was observed only after 120 days. The presence of sorbitol is important for in vitro conservation of L. divaricata by minimum growth, which can be carried out for up to 120 days. The subsequent resumed growth of the shoots preserved in the presence of sorbitol is limited to 90 days.

The present study aimed to evaluate the modifications of the properties of Eucalyptus cloeziana and E. grandis wood modified under hydrothermal conditions and freezing. Five trees for each species with 20 years old were sampled, and the first 3 m log was sampled from each tree. For each species, 24 specimens of dimensions 2.0 x 2.0 x 30.0 cm were prepared near the bark and close to the pith, totaling 48 specimens. Testes of dynamic flexion, colorimetry and infrared spectroscopy by attenuated total reflectance were performed. The heat treatment methods employed did not impair the mechanical properties of the wood and did not affect their apparent specific mass. The heat treatment in water implied in greater variations of the chemical properties. Possibly, these variation contributed to the color change of the wood.

In the present study we evaluated the chemical composition and allelopathic activity of the essential oil (EO) of Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg leaves on the germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa L. (dicotyledonous) and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (monocotyledon). EO was obtained by hydrodistillation for 3 h. The EO composition analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The allelopathic activity of EO was evaluated at 2.5; 5.0 and 7.5%. The seeds were immersed in the solution for 2 min., distributed in Petri dishes, that were maintained in a BOD incubator. On the seventh day, the variables germination (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm) and total seedling length (cm) were evaluated. The major constituents identified in the OE were eucalyptol (49.6%), limonene (13.6%) and β-caryophyllene (12.2%). The EO affected negatively the germination percentage of L. sativa seeds and the root system and total seedling length of S. bicolor. There was a negative allelopathic activity against the two evaluated species.

It is with great satisfaction that Brazil is hosting the 25th edition of the IUFRO World Congress. This year’s theme, "Forest Research and Cooperation for Sustainable Development," is very fitting now that the issues of production, preservation, environmental services, and their influences on a global scale have moved beyond purely technical debates in closed academic or business circles to become part of everyday life for urban as well as rural dwellers. In this sense, holding an event like the IUFRO World Congress in a country like Brazil, which has its forest DNA rooted in its large-scale diversity and the productive capacity of its planted forests, is very timely. We are even prouder knowing that this is only the second time this event is taking place in the Southern Hemisphere, and the first time in Latin America. Participants will have an opportunity to exchange knowledge with researchers and professionals from over 120 countries on a wide range of forest-related topics. It will also be a chance for us to show off our Country, which so many people have heard about. However, only a few have had the chance to experience Brazil’s unique characteristics and striking regional diversity. This Special Edition of the Brazilian Journal of Forestry Research is a collection of approximately 2.700 abstracts. Each is one piece of a puzzle of questions and challenges faced by scientists in different social or regional conditions combined with a myriad of solutions. Coincident findings should support policymaking. Conflicting results or approaches should arise curiosity and trigger the search for consensus. We hope all together they pave the way to new products, new approaches, and new ways of looking at our future.

The use of agricultural residues as an alternative in the formulation of substrates is a relevant possibility in the production of forest species seedlings, reducing simultaneously the costs and the accumulation of these products in the environment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of substrates composed of coffee production residues for Joannesia princeps Vell. seedlings development. We used experimental design entirely randomized with three treatments in eight replications with 14 seedlings per plot (formulate 1: 10% vermiculite and 90% coconut fiber; formulate 2: 10% vermiculite, 30% carbonized rice peel and 60% coconut fiber; formulate 3: 10% vermiculite, 30% carbonized coffee husk and 60% coconut fiber). The substrates were fertilized using 4000 g m-3 of Osmocote®. Evaluations of the seedlings height and diameter were carried out at 150 days and 210 days after the transplanting of the seedlings into tubes. There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment level for the two evaluations. Carbonized coffee husk is presented as an alternative component to carbonized rice husk for substrate formulation in the production of J. princeps seedlings.

The objective of this research was to quantify deforestation, considering the spatial and temporal changes of forest loss for the period from 1985 to 2018.  We used Landsat sensor images for the same period, according to orbits/points 223/62 and 223/61. Color compositions, linear contrast enhancement and segmentation were performed. The interpretation and the classification of the images were performed through class discrimination. The polygons were classified in 6 size ranges of deforested areas. Additionally, the mapping results were edited and thematic letters were elaborated. The expansion of deforestation led to a loss of forest of approximately 298 thousand ha between 1985 and 2018 (57% of the municipality area). In all years, high values of polygons were observed in the range ≤ 6.25 ha and reduced value in the range > 50 ha. Small fragments (≤ 6.25 ha) accounted for 15% of all deforestation, while large fragments (> 50 ha) accounted for 45%. The analyzed period showed substantial differences in both temporal analysis and deforestation distribution patterns, indicating a strong potential for future forest loss.

We aimed to quantify frost tolerance and damage on Eucalyptus pilularis provenances and progenies in Curitibanos, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Mortality and severity of damage were assessed before frost at 7 months old and at 14 and 19 months old after frost events. Frost resulted in plant mortalityof 55.7%, with no difference among progenies and provenances. The tolerance of 5.3% may have occurred due to specific local conditions (escape). We concluded that the species does not have tolerance to frost in subtropical environment, with daily thermal range from - 5 °C to 28 °C.

In the tropical forest management, occurrence of hollow in trees and its impact on the volume yield are subjects little addressed in the national scientific literature. This issue is addressed in this paper by means of a study case in an annual management area (AMA) located at Saraca Taquera National Forest, state of Pará, Brazil. We selected 3,190 trees of 25 commercial species to be harvested, representing a wood volume of 24,020 m³. Of that amount, 3,079 trees were logged, of which 1,227 (39.8%) were trees that replaced hollow trees found during the harvest. During logging operation 1,175 (36.4%) standing trees were found hollow. In general, there were 53.5% of hollow trees in the AMA, representing approximately two hollow trees per hectare managed. The results revealed that despite the expressive number of hollow trees this defect did not significantly affect the volume yield (80.7%) mostly due to the possibility of replacing hollow trees by the time of logging. As more than half the selected trees were hollow, the replacement assures economic viability of the current forest management.

Slow-release fertilizers (SRF) are under development worldwide, and are characterized as intelligent fertilizers, with a high degree of technology employed, capable of releasing nutrients over time to the plant. It reduces the loss of fertilizer by leaching and volatization, increasing the absorption efficiency of the plant. Its use in agriculture has shown satisfactory gains in productivity, with the possibility of containing input and labor costs. Due to the advantages of its use, this review aims to clarify the classification of these fertilizers and to understand the dynamics of their use in the forest sector. The use of SRF for seedling production in the forestry sector is already consolidated, enabling greater growth of plants in nursery. The use of SRF in forest plantations is still incipient, due to the lack and low supply of fertilizers with compatible formulations for forest species. However, there are already some studies in the literature with preliminary results, with an increase in initial growth and economy of inputs. Thus, we believe that the use of this fertilizer technology can lead to improved crop quality and increased productivity, as well as minimizing environmental impacts.

This study aimed to evaluate survival and development of epiphytic cactus Rhipsalis lindbergiana K. Schum. and R. pachyptera Pfeiff. Fragments were monitored in a greenhouse, for four months on different substrates and after relocation to regenerating Ombrophilous Dense forest, in Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The relocation was monitored for up to three years and carried out in two climatic periods: lower (drought plot) and higher precipitation (rainfall plot). Higher growth of both species was registered in substrate with organic matter. Drought plots were significantly different in both species, probably due to the rains that followed the dry season and allowed greater survival and development. The survival and development of R. lindbergiana were significantly related to tree height where the fragments were installed, referring to the association between high epiphyte diversity and large phorophytes. It is recommended to relocate epiphytes to larger trees, at the beginning of the rainy season and keeping the fragments in contact with the substrate. This will enable the better use of plants, as well as the promotion of the recovery of forests diversity and ecological functionality processes.

Morphometric indices can be used to support the understanding of natural forest dynamics. The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the morphometric and dendrometric characteristics of Araucaria angustifolia, to understanding of the structure of natural Araucaria Forest. The data were obtained in three counties of Santa Catarina State, considering different altitudes of occurrence of the species. We sampled 247 trees, using the Bitterlich method, and we measured the circumferences at 1.30 m from the ground, total height and crown insertion height and crown radius. The trees interdimensional relationships were described through morphometric indices. Site 2 showed larger trees considering crown area diameter. Site 3 had the highest tree density (403 trees ha-1), while sites 1 and 2 showed 362 and 232 trees ha-1, respectively. At site 3, most trees presented crown ratio greater than 50% and crown fullness ratio lower than 1, indicating trees with narrower and larger crowns. The tree diameter showed a negative correlation, higher than 70% with the degree of slenderness. The diameter presented a positive correlation with the crown diameter in the three sites.

The bark in some forest species may represent a significant volume of the trunk, demanding the use of efficient methods to estimate bark volume indirectly through equations. The aim of this study was to evaluate bark volume and thickness in teak (Tectona grandis) trees planted at different densities. Volume data were used to evaluate the percentage of bark in different portions of the trunk. Averages were compared by the Tukey test (p < 0.05%) and regression analysis (polynomial model) was used to predict bark thickness along the trunk. The effect of spacing on bark thickness was compared by the model identity test. The percentage of bark in more densely planted teak trees was higher. The percentage of bark decreases from the base to the top of the tree trunk, with an average volume of green bark reaching 24% to 30% of the total volume. Increasing spacing promotes higher absolute average bark thickness.

The increase in atmospheric nitrogen deposition over the years can affect biogeochemical cycling through the action of soil microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of N deposition beyond the tree canopy areas on soil C-CO2 efflux. Four tree species were selected in the open field. For each species, three individuals were selected and the efflux of C-CO2 from the soil under their canopies was evaluated with and without the presence of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). They were compared with grass areas (Paspalum notatum Flüggé). The addition of NH4NO3 induced changes in the slope of the straight lines describing the soil C-CO2 efflux to areas under (105%) and outside the trees canopies (70%). The area under Inga laurina canopy was the only one with lower C-CO2 efflux. We concluded that Inorganic N deposition in the state of Rio de Janeiro (9.6 kg N ha-1), intensifies the C-CO2 efflux in the soil and that tree species with bigger canopy areas such as I. laurina provide a reduction of this efflux.

This paper presents an overview of the observed impacts of changes in land use and land cover on catchments hydrology with emphasis on tropical regions. Initially, the first assertions about the impacts of changes in land use and land cover we present. The first debates and the scientific pioneers on the subject in this context. Then we mention the direct and indirect impacts of changes in land use and land cover and the role of forests we present. A brief survey of studies from around the world explores the tropical regions, with studies in South America, Asia and Africa. The scale effect of general studies and regarding habitat fragmentation is discussed, and finally, in the final considerations, some trends and proposals for the future of these studies are presented.