RCAAP Repository

Techniques for leaf-cutting ant control have been investigated in literature due to the importance of the damage they cause to agriculture. Plantations with large territorial extensions, which can be contiguous or not, are usually subdivided into local administration to collect data to determine the frequencies and area occupied by ant nests. The objective of this work was to build a relationship of similarities among different geographical regions using the frequency data and size of nests by applying Information Bottleneck method and principal component analysis. The approach was applied to data of leaf-cutting ants of the genus Atta in cultivated Eucalyptus spp. forests in São Paulo State, Brazil. The results showed similar regions that are not geographically close, regarding the occurrence of nests. With this information, administrators will be able to coordinate more precisely the allocation of bait, material and workers in regions with vast territories, avoiding resources waste.

This work aimed to analyze the decomposition and nutrient content of the litterfall in a crop-livestock-forestry integrated system (CLFI) located in Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, Brazil. Litter traps were distributed and litterbags were used to investigate the decomposition. The litter traps and litterbags were allocated between the tress and ranks. Each litterbag was filled with 20 g of eucalyptus litterfall. The samples of both collections were sent to a laboratory to determine the macronutrient content. The total litterfall was 9,394.2 kg ha-1 between the tress and 3,726.4 kg ha-1 between ranks. The precipitation showed a high influence on the litterfall decomposition. The decomposition rates were similar to both positions and the half-life time in the short and long period (recalcitrant) were respectively 10 and 1,386 days between tress and 10 and 1,155 between ranks. The litterfall nutrient content (N, P, K, S, Ca and Mg) was high between trees. Ca and N showed greater content during the deposition and decomposition process independent of the position in the CLFI.

Determining the economic life of wood harvesting machines, time when the machine performed its functions at the lowest operating cost is associated with the lowest production cost. Thus, the objective was to determine the economic life of self-propelled machines that make up a mechanized lumber harvesting modulus with uncertainty conditions. Incurred operating costs over five years were considered, constructing mathematical models that associated the uncertainty intervals and allowed for assigning probability distributions. Subsequently, pseudorandom numbers were generated by Monte Carlo simulation to determine the probabilities of stochastic economic values. The results showed that, the optimal time to replace the set of machines composing the mechanized lumber-harvesting modulus occurred in the 4th year of its useful life. Thus, the equivalent uniform cost of the harvesting base module increases 18.3% in the year subsequent the optimum replacement time, adding the costs of harvesting and processing the wood. Finally, the cost elements that most influence the determination of the economic life of the machines are the costs of replacing parts and of repairs and maintenance.

This study aimed to develop models for estimating wood volume of individual trees for nine Cerrado species of Formosa, State of Goias, Brazil. Data were collected from 12 to 15 trees of nine species, representing the diametric classes amplitude of each species in the studying area. Trees were logged and measured and the volume was calculated by Smalian method. Seven mathematical models were tested to estimate the wood volume by species and total. The best model was selected through statistical parameters adjusted coefficient of determination, standard error of the estimate and graphical. distribution of residues. Hohenadl-Krenn (simple input) and Naslund modified (double input) presented the best results to estimate individual tree wood volume for nine studied species and also for all nine species together.

Bracantiga (Mimosa scabrella Benth) is a native leguminous specie from the south of Brazil, with great potential for commercial use. It can be used to recover degraded areas due to their fast growth, high adaptability and root nodule formation capacity. One alternative to reduce fertilization costs of seedlings production, are the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The fluorescent group of Pseudomonas is common at several plant rhizosphere. The objective of this work was to assess the growth stimulus of fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates at bracatinga seedlings. The seeds were inoculated with three bacterial isolates (CBSAL14, CBSAL18 and CBSAL05), genetically identified as Pseudomonas sp. They were previously grown in 50 mL of Luria Bertani medium for 48 h and then the seeds were submerged for 30 min in the suspensions. Subsequently, they were sown in tubes containing sterilized commercial substrate and kept in greenhouse for five months. From 61 days after sowing, seedling height and stem diameter were measured monthly. The CBSAL14 and CBSAL18 isolates promoted promoted increase in growth of seedlings height of inoculated individuals compared to control, suggesting their potential use as plant growth promoters.

Eugenia involucrata é uma espécie florestal nativa do Brasil, com grande potencial para uso madeireiro, frutícola e medicinal. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e cinetina (CIN) na sua multiplicação in vitro. Foram testadas diferentes combinações de ANA e CIN. Após 90 dias de cultivo in vitro foi observada uma média geral de 1,19 gemas por explante, sendo que o maior número de brotos (1,33) e folhas (3,38) foram obtidos a 2 μM de ANA. Essa concentração de ANA é importante na multiplicação in vitro de E. involucrata, sendo dispensável sua associação com cinetina.

This study aimed to evaluate the edge effect based on the differences in tree functional traits (wood density, diameter, and height) on the edges of the Grumari restinga, Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. In the field, two edges were delimited: Banco Halles and Lagoa Feia. On each edge we selected trees with diameter ≥ 10 cm. Diameter and height were recorded for each tree and wood samples were collected. Wood density was obtained through the immersion method. To verify differences between edges through functional traits, t Student and Wilcoxon tests were applied. Pearson’s correlation was applied to verify relations between attributes. Additionally, tree aboveground biomass was estimated and the average between edges was compared. Only tree height showed local differences between edges (t 2.55; p 0.02). It was observed that the functional traits did not show a significant relation among each other. The Banco Halles presented bigger average stock of biomass (126.48 ± 71.14 kg) than Lagoa Feia (71.5 ± 40.67 kg). This study suggests that the variation of the functional traits can be affected by edge effects, even in edges of the same remnant with different disturbance and occupation histories.

Cydianerus latruncularius Perty (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were observed associated with trumpet trees (Handroanthus spp.) in Brasília, Brazil, in 2019. To contribute with information about their habits and damage, 15 trees (Handroanthus impetiginosus = 7, H. roseoalbus = 4, and Tabebuia rosea = 4) were evaluated and 31 individuals of C. latruncularius were captured, often found within or close to leaf rolls caused by the psyllid Trioza tabebuiae Burckhardt & Santana (Hemiptera: Triozidae). The damage caused by C. latruncularius consists of irregular injuries at the leaves’ edges. This is the first report of this beetle occurring on trumpet trees.

The present work aimed to characterize the horizontal structure of an area of primary Amazonian Forest and the spatial distribution of the species Goupia glabra (Aubl.), Qualea spp. and Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd. through the analysis of the Kernel density, aiming to support the planning of forest management. The study area is located in Santa Carmem, microregion of Sinop, state of Mato Grosso (1,024 ha), where all individuals with a diameter of 1,30 m from the ground ≥ 30 cm were measured. The absolute and relative densities, frequencies and dominances were calculated, in addition to the importance and coverage value indices. Kernel density and species level dispersion analysis were obtained using the ArcGIS program. The area was classified by the Shannon index as low diversity and more than 50% of the species were classified with a tendency to cluster. Qualea spp. presented the highest values ​​for all analyzed parameters. It was observed that the highest concentration of individuals occurs in the diametric classes that can be exploited. The application of Kernel density appears as a promising tool for planning sustainable forest management, allowing the definition of preferential zones for sustainable exploitation.

Coleoptera from Bruchinae subfamily can cause several damage to Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arrab. ex Steud. (Boraginaceae) seeds, especially at their larval stage. Bruquines biological control occurs at the field by the hymenoptera parasitoid action. The objective of this research was to study the population cycles of the bruquines and the hymenoptera parasitoids associated to them, as well as to relate their occurrence to the meteorological variables of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Fruits from seven trees, located in Atlantic Forest biome, municipality of Taquaruçu do Sul, RS, Brazil, were collected between 2015 and 2016. Bruquines were identified as Amblycerus longesuturalis (Pic,1954) and Amblycerus profaupar Ribeiro-Costa, 2000 (Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The ovipositions and worms of bruquines were visualized in the fruits of all the carried out sampling. A. profaupar was the most abundant species in both years of evaluation, having its climax on fruits collected in June. Bruquine larvae are parasitized by hymenopterans from genes Bracon, Mirax, Omeganastatus and Triapsis. In general, the high relative humidity favors the oviposition of the bruquines, while the low ones favor the presence of pupae of Amblycerus species in C. trichotoma fruits.

The present work had as objective to evaluate the accuracy of applications, smartphones and measurers in inferring the total height in a planted forest. Thirty trees were randomly selected, measured in a Tectona grandis stand, by three applications (Measure height, Two point height and Hypsometer), three smartphones (Samsung Galaxy S8, S6 and J7) and three measurers. The trees were logged and their real heights were obtained with a tape measure. To assess accuracy, a t-test for independent samples was performed, after verification of homogeneity of variances by Bartlett's test and normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test, all at 95% confidence levels. In addition, graphical analysis of residues was performed, as well as complementary statistics (bias, mean of absolute differences, standard deviation of differences and root of mean square error). We concluded that depending on the application used, there are smartphones that are not indicate for height measurement. The best-performing application is the Hypsometer. Galaxy S6 smartphone presented the best estimate, preferably for the Two point height application. The measurer experience was confirmed as essential requirement in height estimation using applications and smartphones.

This study aimed to evaluate the establishment of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan var. cebil [Griseb.] Altschul inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and fertilized in the Pantanal of Nhecolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. The experiment was established in March 2015 in a deforested “cordilheira” environment, in randomized blocks distributed in micro-relief, with subdivided plots. The main treatments corresponded to seedlings submitted or not (control) to Rhizophagus clarus and Gigaspora margarita mixed inoculation. The secondary treatments were doses of ammonium sulfate and potassium chloride fertilizers. We monitored from 2015 to 2017 the plants the plants under shading from the presence of remnant tree after deforestation, as well as the percentage of survival and growth parameters of A. colubrina. The best survival condition occurred in the portion of relief adjacent to the freshwater lake, under moderate shading, with the application at planting of 15 g of ammonium sulfate and 5 g of potassium chloride per plant. Mycorrhizal inoculation promoted 16% increase in diameter at 23 months of age, not increasing the species survival. We recommend complementary studies to support management strategies of A. colubrina under planting conditions in the Brazilian Pantanal.

The circular saw is a tool commonly used for wood processing. It may be presented at different models. Considering their specificities, they can generate different amount of waste. The objective of this study was to evaluate the generation of waste from Tectona grandis L. f. and Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis, processed with two saws of the multiple type (48 and 36 teeth) and one of the universal type (28 teeth). The cutting process followed in grain direction into ninety samples, 15 for each species and saw, until the sample was completely processed. The processing time was measured and the waste was collected in each operation. ANOVA and test of multiple comparison of averages were applied. The influence of the teeth number and type of saw on the amount of waste generated was verified. The universal saw was the one that generated the highest amount of waste. It reached up to 116% more than the multiple saw, that generated the lowest amount of waste (36 teeth). P. caribaea var. hondurensis generated 7% more waste and presented shorter processing time (22%), when compared to T. grandis.

This study aims to analyze the incorporation of basalt rock dust to a commercial substrate based on pine bark under two light conditions on initial growth of Monteverdia ilicifolia (Mart. Ex Reissek) Biral seedlings. We evaluated four proportions of rock dust: 0% (control), 10%, 20%, and 30% on plants kept unshaded and under 50% shading for 140 days. The unshaded condition associated with basalt rock dust incorporated to substrate presented the higher seedlings growth. Incorporating rock dust in any proportion to the substrate increased stem diameter and biomass, resulting in a greater Dickson quality index (DQI) in unshaded seedlings. The rock dust in a proportion of 10% showed better results in seedlings growth. Moreover, 20% and 30% of rock dust reduced stem diameter, biomass, and DQI, when compared to 10% of rock dust, possibly due to the substrate physical characteristics. We recommend incorporating 10% of rock dust to the pine bark-based substrate for M. ilicifolia seedlings production in an unshaded environment.

Distributional records in Brazil are provided for two psyllid species, Auchmerina limbatipennis Enderlein, documented for the states of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, and A. tuthilli Klimaszewski, for Paraná and Santa Catarina. Host plants for these species are reported for the first time. A. limbatipennis develops on Inga laurina and I. marginata (Fabaceae), and it displays a dimorphism (presence or absence of a distal dark band on the forewing), that is not sexual nor seasonal. A.tuthilli probably develops on Inga spp. As well. For the first time, the immatures of Auchmerina are described.

The large amount of degraded areas and productive potential of the legal reserves in Brazil make restoration an environmental demand and a commercial opportunity. We modelled the diameter growth as a function of age of eight tree species in restoration plantations in the Brazilian Amazon. From 14 years of annual forest inventory data, for each species, we tested variations of logistic function: simple logistic, logistic with covariant (plant area at the time of planting), logistic with random effect, logistic with random effect and covariant. Amongst the studied species, Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum, Tectona grandis and Simarouba amara showed the highest growth rates while Cordia alliodora, Cedrela odorata and three species of the genus Handroanthus showed slower growth. The gains from using the covariant in modeling were small for both fixed and mixed-effect models. Gains from the inclusion of the random effect were substantial. Mixed-effect models had the best performance in modeling the growth of the species. Our results provide basis for a critical view of the criteria and possibilities for degraded areas restoration and management practices in legal reserves of the Amazon. An economic analysis is required to ensure the viability of these areas’ sustainable exploitation.

Large-scale regional or national forest inventories collect field data on sample plots systematically- or randomly-distributed, fully or partially covered by forests. This scientific note addresses differences between a prediction of a forest attribute per unit area that also considers land uses other than forest, and a prediction based only on the forested area of a sample plot. The former approach yields a more realistic prediction for the sample point, whereas the latter yields a prediction that is comparable to classical phytosociological studies.

"Effect of different culture periods for Luehea divaricata on micropropagation from shoots", https://doi.org/10.4336/2021.pfb.41e201901921, publicado na Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, v. 41, 2021.

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