RCAAP Repository

Wood qualities of six Prosopis species for energy purpose were compared. The species were Prosopis juliflora, P. pallida, P. velutina, P. glandulosa, P. alba and P. chilensis. The traits studied were basic density, wood destilates, heat content as well as contents of fixed carbon, volatiles and ash in the charcoal produced. Prosopis juliflora and P. pallida produced wood with high basic density and charcoal with low ash contents.

This article presents a survey of fungi reports on erva-mate and other related species. It contains information on fungi pathogenicity, symbiotic associations and on decomposition process. It is recommended the use of these information particularly when exotic pathogens present on other species of Ilex genera turn out to be a potential problem for erva-mate cultivation.

Exudation of resin was observed on trees of Pinus taeda, with 30 years of age,in Guaragi and Colombo, municipalities of the State of Paraná, Brazil. Besides resinosis, decline and death also were noted. Internally, sapwood was colonized by Sphaeropsis sapinea and became discolored. Possibly, this resinosis was incited by physiological disturbance, creating openings for stain fungi.

The aim of this study was to identify fungi species associated with aroeiravermelha (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) seeds. Seeds were collected from mother trees in Quatro Barras, Campina Grande do Sul and Bocaiúva do Sul municipalities, State of Parana, Brazil. Blotter test method was adopted for detecting fungi from aroeira seeds. It was possible to identify 10 different fungi genus, like Fusarium, Alternaria, Pestalotia, Penicillium, Aspergillus,Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Nigrospora, Geotrichum and Mucor and to distinguish Fusarium as the most frequent genus among studied samples.

This work lists some pathogenic and saprophytic fungi detected from angico (Piptadenia paniculata Bentham) seeds, by blotter test method. Seeds were collected from mother trees found in Quatro Barras, Campina Grande do Sul and Bocaiuva do Sul, municipalities, State of Parana, Brazil. Fusarium,Phomopsis, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium and Alternaria were detected as pathogenic fungi. Fusarium sp. and Phomopsis sp., represented 9% of the seed contamination. In low percentage contamination Aspergillus, Pestalotia,Monilia, Trichoderma, Penicillium and Geotrichum were detected as saprophytic fungi.

This work estimated the amount of phenotypic correlation between weight,diameter and length of peach palm seeds at the progenies level aiming to classify the seeds according to these characteristics. Experiment was installed in a randomized blocks design with eight replications, three progenies (numbers 31, 65 and 80); 25 seeds per plot, totaling 600 seeds. Weight, diameter and length of seeds were measured. A highly significant variance among progenies was showed through ANOVA. A higher correlation between weight and diameter (0.86) and, secondarily, between weight and length (0.66) and diameter x length (0.46) was found, which permits classify peach palm seeds by weight or diameter.

The evaluation of adhesive trap is a time-consuming task, vulnerable to count errors. Our proposition originated from the need to perform periodical evaluations of fungus-gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae). We selected, at random, 100 traps samples from a single site. Manual counting was performed and the traps were subsequently submitted to digitalization and automatic counting. We perform comparisons of both counting methods using R. The proposed automatic based approach is more expeditious in analyzing bigger samples or in including larger areas.

The forest sector is in constant development. It is responsible for a growing contribution to the Brazilian gross domestic product. New jobs are generated each year, with the establishment of factories and branches, and the purchase of new planting areas by large companies, including areas of permanent protection. The objective of this work was to generate a ranking model to determine the influence and importance of companies for the country’s forestry and industrial sector. The profiles of more than 40 companies of the branch were analyzed, all associated of the Brazilian Industry of Trees. We selected 20 of them based on the annual billing, planting area, protection area, generation of jobs and social investments. A score was given for each criterion (varying from 1 to 20). A business ranking matrix of the Brazilian forestry sector was obtained, with values to calculate the efficiency index. This model can be used by any other industrial sector, and it is only necessary to replace the criteria of planted area and preserved area for the production specificities of the sector in question.

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition, basic density and tracheids morphological parameters of the wood of Cupressus lusitanica aiming to verify its suitability for cellulosic pulp production. Discs were collected from three 16-year-old trees to determine chemical, physical and morphological characteristics. The morphology of the tracheids was evaluated in the annual rings corresponding to the ages of 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 years. The pulp quality parameters were calculated from the tracheid parameters. The chemical composition indicated low ash and extractive contents (0.27 and 2.13%, respectively), but high lignin content (32.52%). The basic density (0.375 g cm-3) was smaller than other species of softwood used for pulp production. The mean values of tracheids dimensions observed were 2.41 mm of length, 31.40 μm of width; 25.15 μm of lumen diameter and 3.12 μm of wall thickness, which tended to increase in values with increasing age. In general, C. lusitanica wood presents good technological characteristics for pulp and paper production, especially for the observed quality morphological index.

The purpose of this study was to develop an in vitro multiplication methodology for Xylopia aromatica, aiming the production of seedlings, evaluating culture media and concentrations of more suitable growth regulators. Nodal segments from seedlings produced from seeds and kept in a nursery were used as explants. The Murashige & Skoog (MS) and Wood Plant Medium (WPM) culture media were tested supplemented with 800 mg L-1 of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), 30 g L-1 of sucrose, 0.054 µM of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 6 g L-1  of agar and concentrations of 2.22 and 3.55 µM of benzylaminopurine (BAP) for in vitro multiplication. At 30 days, the number of lateral sprouts emitted and percentage of explants forming callus at the base were evaluated. The highest multiplication rates were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 3.55 µM of BAP. Regarding callus formation, the MS medium promoted greater formation than WPM medium, however it did not compromise the formation of shoots. It was possible to establish the introduction and multiplication phases, thus defining the culture medium and concentrations of growth regulators most suitable for in vitro culture of Xylopia aromatica.

This work aimed to characterize the wood of Hovenia dulcis Thunberg, to be used in the manufacture of floors. Five trees obtained in Araucaria Forest were used for the technological characterization. The trees had, in average, 18 years old. After logging, they were measured to determine their volume. The logs were sawed into boards and blocks to determine the basic specific mass, Janka hardness (base log) and in-service floor simulation tests (middle and top logs). The boards and blocks were dried before the test samples preparation. We considered samples of 100% of heartwood and composed of heartwood and sapwood. H. dulcis was characterized as wood of medium specific mass (0.54 g cm-³) and medium strength (5,851.99 N). For all in-service floor simulation tests, H. dulcis wood showed superior or similar resistance to other exotic species and inferior to native hardwood species found in the literature. It was concluded that the wood under study shows low strength for maximum efforts and can be used on floors for light traffic or in places where loads are low.

This study evaluated the effect of growth regulators on callogenesis and rhizogenesis in Eugenia involucrata. In two experiments, we tested the naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and BAP associations. After 45 days of culture, all treatments formed calli, however, those treatments with NAA (alone or combined with BAP) and 2,4-D combined with BAP (5:5 and 10:10 μM) presented the best results. Only the use of NAA at 10 μM induced rhizogenesis. At 90 days of culture, the effect of phytoregulators was most evident, where 2,4-D combined with BAP (5:5 and 10:10 μM) were more favorable for callogenesis while 10 μM NAA were more favorable for rhizogenesis. These results indicate that cell dedifferentiation and re-differentiation processes are achievable from leaf explants of Eugenia involucrata.

The analysis of variance is the statistical test most used for comparison of three or more means simultaneously. Its application requires, however, the compliance to some assumptions, with main emphasis on normality of the data and homoscedasticity of variances. When such requirements are not met, one of the alternatives is the data transformation to enable the continuity of the experimental evaluation. With the proposition of the Tukey’s data transformation system, understood as a power transformation system, i.e. the application of nth root on a data set (X⅟n) this statistical procedure has methodologically evolved to ensure such solutions. In the present research we proposed a complement to this system, denominated here as transformation in four steps, with inclusion of two hypothesis tests to evaluate normality and homoscedasticity. This was applied on experimental data to evaluate the amount of radiation available at soil level within stands of Acacia mearnsii De Wild. We have proposed a model for data transformation to simultaneously obtain homoscedasticity and normality. The methodology was appropriate to ensure these two statistical aspects on the experimental data, allowing comparison of eight treatments by conventional analysis of variance. Index terms: Analysis of variance, homoscedasticity, normality.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different in vitro culture periods of micropropagated Luehea divaricata shoots. The treatments were constituted by different in vitro culture periods (14; 21; 28; 40; 56; 70; 84; 102; 116; 130; 154, 186 or 200 days), without subculture or transfer to a new nutritive medium. The survival and establishment reached around 90% up to 84 days. After that, the mortality increased. Culture period of 56 days was the one that showed the most appropriate proportion of number of leaves and senescent leaves, simultaneously, showing nine leaves and only one senescent. Averages above 50% were observed for primary roots formation after 70 days of in vitro culture, providing the best results (60%) at 200 days. For secondary roots, the highest averages were observed after 102 days (41.5%), reaching 45.3% at 200 days. The micropropagation of Luehea divaricata is significantly affected by the in vitro culture period, which can be extended up to approximately 60 days. From that period, high mortality and leaf senescence are registered.

In the paper "Effects of sustainable management of Caatinga under physical attributes of the soil", DOI: 10.4336/2018.pfb.38e201801581, published in Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, v. 38, 2018, on the page footer, where it reads:“Pesq. flor. bras., Colombo, v. 38, e01581, p. 1-5, 2018”,it should read:“Pesq. flor. bras., Colombo, v. 38, e201801581, p. 1-5, 2018”.

Micropropagation is an alternative for genetic conservation of Cerrado endemic species, such as Dimorphandra mollis (fava-d’anta), making possible maximizing propagation in high quality. To solve the limiting factors of in vitro cultivation of D. mollis, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of essential oils as a sanitizer and to test concentrations of benzylaminopurine growth regulator (BAP) in the in vitro multiplication phase. Seeds collected from a natural population were scarified and disinfected with sodium hypochlorite and essential oils of Lippia origanoides, Ocimum gratissimum, L. rotundifolia and Cymbopogon citratus. The seeds were inoculated in MS culture medium. In vitro multiplication was evaluated using four concentrations of BAP (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mg L-1). Essential oil of C. citratus is the most suitable for disinfestation of fava d’anta seeds, in the stage of establishment in vitro. Phytoregulators used in the present study did not provide satisfactory results to define an in vitro multiplication protocol for the species.

We aimed to evaluate the effect of light type  in vitro culture of Eugenia involucrata. The treatments consisted of growing the species under light emitting diodes (LEDs) of different color spectra and fluorescent lamps. The highest average of plants establishment in the cultures under white and blue LEDs; under blue and fluorescent lamps, we registered the largest number of leaves; under blue, the largest number of shoots and under white, less bacteria contamination. When plants were under green LEDs, we obtained the worst results. Blue, red and white LEDs and fluorescent lamps influence positively in vitro propagation of E. involucrata.

Urbanus velinus (Plötz, 1880) is a hesperid that causes total defoliation of Clitoria fairchildiana. Some aspects involving their reproduction are still unknown to science, including protocols for captive reproduction. In order to obtain information about their sexual behavior and reproductive ecology, a butterfly house was built where daily assessments were carried out for nine generations kept in captivity. It was observed that around noon the cutting process begins. The mating occurs in the afternoon, ceasing at dusk. The reproduction of U. velinus in a butterfly house proved to be viable, however in the F8 generation the eggs were infertile.

The dynamics of floristic and fitossociology composition in the restoration process were studied on areas within the Rio Turvo State Park, in Cajati, State of São Paulo (77°89ʹ42ʺ N and 72°49ʹ22ʺ W), in a restoration area over three years, on an abandoned banana plantation (Rest 3) and in a  restoration area over five years, on a degraded area of grazing land (Rest 5). In each area, six plots were installed (100 m2 each). We analysed the diameter and height of all individuals over 50 cm of height and we collected soil samples for fertility analysis (0 - 20 cm depth). The structure of the community was described based on phytosociological estimators (relative density, relative dominance, importance value). Diversity was calculated using Shannon’s diversity index, and evenness by Pielou’s index. There were 2,117 ind ha-1 (18 families and 39 species) in Rest 5 and 4,650 ind ha-1 (21 families and 54 species) in Rest 3. The phytosociological parameters reflect areas in the initial stages of secondary succession, where previous use as a banana plantation incurred in the composition of a more favorable environment for the development of planted species and establishment of propagules.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth of guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) in floodplain, as homogeneous planting (control) and as two agroforestry systems - AFS (simple and biodiverse). Guanandi was planted in the Paraíba Valley, State of São Paulo in 2007. From 2011 to 2014, guanandi growth was evaluated in a randomized block design experiment with eight replications. The AFS consisted of planting annual crops between guanandi lines. The biodiverse AFS was formed with 16 tree species, banana shrubs (Musa sp.) and juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Mart.). Guanandi presented morphological similarity in homogeneous planting and agroforestry systems and reached, on average, 5.40 m of total height at seven years of age. The relative growth rate was similar in the three treatments with higher values attributed to the canopy radius (2.59%) and the circumference at 1.30 m above ground level (1.86%). Agroforestry systems are promising to combine the benefits of income generation and ecological restoration in planting guanandi in floodplain.