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A systematic study of the genera Microceris Watson, 1893, Elbella Evans, 1951, Parelbella. gen.n. (type species: Hesperia polyzona [Latreille, 1824]), Pseudocroniades. gen.n. (type species: Ericides (sic) machaon Westwood, [1852]) and Protelbella, gen.n. (type species: Pyrrhopyga (sic) alburna Mabille, 1891), a natural group of the Pyrrhopyginae, here called "Elbella Complex", is presented. The following are spp.n. and sspp.n.: Elbella intersecta paraensis, Brazil: Pará; Elbella intersecta rufitegula, Brazil: Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro State; Elbella viriditas boliviana, Bolivia: La Paz; Elbella lampra albociliata, Brazil: São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina: Elbella azeta giffordi, Brazil: Distrito Federal and São Paulo; Elbella patrobas mexicana, Mexico: Chiapas and Quintana Roo; Elbella patrobas evansi, Colombia: Cauca, Caldas and Boyaca; Elbella patrobas tingo, Brazil: Rondonia and Peru: Huanuco and Madre de Dios; Elbella patrobas amazonica, Brazil: Amazonas; Parelbella peruana, Peru: Junin; Pseudocroniades machaon seabrai, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro State; Protelbella alburna brasiliensis, Brazil: Amazonas, Rondonia and Mato Grosso, and French Guiana: Montagne aux Cheveaux. The following genus is a syn.n.: Hegesippe Evans, 1951 of Elbella Evans, 1951. The following species and subspecies are syn.n.: Pyrrhopyga (sic) semidentata Mabille, 1877 and Elbella intersecta ilona Evans, 1951 of Elbella intersecta intersecta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869): Pyrrhopyge carriae Bell, 1931 of Elbella viriditas viriditas (Skinner, 1920); Pyrrhopyga (sic) menecrates Mabille, 1878 and Pyrrhopyge margimmiscus Hayward, 1935 of Elbella lampra lampra (Hopffer, 1874); Elbella etna moda Evans, 1951 of Elbella etna Evans, 1951; Jemadia umbrata Mabille & Boullet, 1908 of Elbella patroclus patroclus (Plötz, 1879); Pyrrhopyga (sic) jamina Butler, 1870 and Pyrrhopyga (sic) zimra Hewitson, 1871 of Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1857); Elbella zesta Evans, 1951 of Croniades pieria (Hewitson, 1857). The following are comb.n.: Elbella viriditas viriditas (Skinner, 1920); Elbella viriditas chia Evans, 1951; Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940): Elbella patroclus acala Evans, 1951; Parelbella polyzona (Latreille, [1824]); Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1866); Parelbella ahira extrema (Röber, 1925); Parelbella macleannani (Godman & Salvin, 1893); Pseudocroniades machaon machaon (Westwood, [1852]): Protelbella alburna alburna (Mabille. 1891). The following are stat.n.: Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940); Elbella lustra Evans, 1951; Elbella blanda Evans, 1951. The following is a sp.rev.: Elbella patroclus patroclus (Plötz, 1879). The following is a nom.rev.: Elbella mariae molinai (Hayward, 1940). The following are stat.rev.: Elbella miodesmiata (Röber, 1925); Parelbella ahira ahira (Hewitson, 1866); Parelbella macleannani (Godman & Salvin, 1893). Lectotypes are designated for the following species or variety: Myscelus intersecta Herrich-Schäffer, 1869; Pyrrhopyga (sic) fluminis Butler, 1873; Pyrrhopyga (sic) semidentata Mabille, 1877; Pyrrhopyge lamprus Hopffer, 1874; Pyrrhopyga (sic) menecrates Mabille, 1878; Pyrrhopyga (sic) dulcinea Plöz, 1879; Pyrrhopyga (sic) luteizona Mabille, 1877; Hesperia iphinous Latreille, [1824]; Pyrrhopyga (sic) azeta Hewitson, 1866; Pyrrhopyga (sic) patrobas Hewitson, 1857; Jemadia azeta var. melanina Mabille & Boullet, 1908; Pyrrhopyga (sic) ahira Hewitson, 1866; Pyrrhopyga (sic) jamina Butler, 1870; Pyrrhopyga (sic) zimra Hewitson, 1871; Jemadia macleannani Godman & Salvin, 1893; Ericides (sic) machaon Westwood,[1852] Pyrrhopyga (sic) alburna Mabille, 1891. Neotypes are designated for the following species: Sarbia amoena Röber, 1925; Pyrrhopyga (sic) othello Plötz, 1879; Mimoniades mimetes Mabille, 1909; Jemadia miodesmiata Röber, 1925; Jemadia umbrata Mabille & Boullet, 1908; Jemadia extrema Röber, 1925.

In the present paper the authors describe and illustrate a new species of proteocephalidean cestode, Monticellia belavistensis, sp.n., parasite of a freshwater siluriform fish (thorny catfish). Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1833), from the Itaipu Reservoir and Paraná River, in the region of Porto Rico. This is the first reference of a proteocephalid in this host. The values of prevalence and mean intensity of infection are given and the life cycle is discussed.

Semperula tailandensis, sp.n. from Salaya, Nakhon Patom Province, Tailand, is described upon a sample of 35 specimens, deposited on the collection of the Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Nr. 33125, holotype and Nr. 33126, paratypes. Detailed morphological and anatomical characters as well quantative data are given.

Aspects of reproduction of Rineloricaria latirostris Boulenger, 1899 of Passa Cinco river (Ipeúna, São Paulo) were investigated during 18 months. The spawing period was determined by the analysis of the maturation curve, based of the monthly variation of the gonadosomatic index and condition factor. The size and age on the maturation and fecundity were also determined. The fecundity was realted to some parameters such as total length and total weight.

Ennya scaramozzinoi, sp.n. from Ecuador, Calloconophora dietrichi, sp.n. and Amastris deitzi. sp.n., both from Mato Grosso, Brazil, are described.

This work deals with feeding tests performed in laboratory with Pantopoda species, Tanystylum isabellae Marcus, 1940 and Anoplodactylus stictus Marcus, 1940. Animals (alive and dead) and vegetable foods were offered to males without eggs, males with eggs, females and juveniles Pantopoda. Of the 13 types of food offered to the animals only Sertularia Linnaeus, 1758 (Hydrozoa). Amathia distans Busk, 1886 (Bryozoa), Hyale media (Dana, 1853) (Crustacea, Gammaridea), Caprella danilevskii Czerniavski, 1868 (Crustacea-Caprellidae), Artemia salina Leach, 1812 (Crustacea, Anostraca) e Perna perna (Linné, 1758) (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) were actually eaten. The macroalgae Sargassum C. Agardh, 1820; Padina Adanson, 1763; Chaetomorpha Kützing, 1845 and Ulva Linnaeus. 1753, the Hydrozoa Dynamena (Linnaeus, 1758), Polychaeta aixl anemon fragments weren't accepted.

Skin to lung migration of Schistosoma mansoni Sambon, 1907 - (75 Se) - selenomethionine-labeled cercariae was tracked by tissue autoradiography on days 1, 4, 6, 8 after challenge, in rabbits immunized with a S. mansoni derived saline extract. Either in vaccinated animals or in those of the control unprimed group, the peak of skin schistosomula occurs 24hs after infection. Comparison between peaks of lungs migrating larvae showed that, in control animals, the increase of worm burden in this site, is detected on the 6th day post-infection, differing from immunized rabbits, in which this peak occurs on day 4, when skin and lungs counts are still equivalent, decreasing gradually, showing a different pattern of the S. mansoni migration and suggesting that main parasite attrition occurs during the late skin and early lung phases in the immunized group.

Myrciariamyia bivalva, gcn.n., sp.n. associated with Myrciaria Jloriburula (Myrtaceae), in Brazil, is deseribed and illustraled (larva, pupa, male, female and gall).

At Guaraluba bay, the catfish Genidens genidens shows incubating behavior during the summer months. The larvae are either less or heavier than the eggs, and their stomach analysis confirms the exogenous leeding during incubation. Embryos sizes can increase to 59mm in total lenght and 2,8g in total weight, including the yolksac. It was observed that the largest larvae are guarded by the largest adults, and that the embryo size is similar among individuals from the same adult.

In this paper, female Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus, 1758) maturation curve, weight/length relationship, length and weight growth curves were studied. Prawns were captured, by traps, in Ribeira de Iguape river (24ºS and 47ºW), southern Brazil. There were used 207 females. It was observed that M. carcinus presents several spawnings during its life cycle and reproductive period goes on, at least till six years old. Weight/length relationship can be represented for the equation W = 8.73 E-3 L3.28. Expressions obtained for length and weight growth curves are Lt = 21 .0 (1-e-0493t) and Wt= 190 (1-e-0493t)3.28. respectively. A symptotic maximum length and asymptotic maximum weight are nearly attained at six and eight years old, respectively.

The influence of a diet based on putrid horse meat over the post-embryonic development of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) under controlled conditions (UR 65 10% and 14 hours of photophase) was compared with the results obtained using a meat broth diet to which other sources of animal and vegetable protein were added. The flies were maintained at 30ºC, from egg until mature larvae spontaneously abandoned the diet. They were then transfered to a climatized chamber at 27ºC. The larvae and pupae viability and the weight of the mature larvae were significantly inferior, when a diet based on meat broth was used, even though the larvae period was significantly increased with this diet. This type of diet did not charge the time of development of the pupae. The inoculation of the egg mass directly over the diet was recommend, instead of the technique in which the egg masses are transfered to humid filter paper, followed by the handling of the recently ecloded larvae.

Plagiorchis vicentei, sp.n. is described from the small intestine of the lizard, Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818), from Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. The new species differs from P. didelphidis (Parona, 1896) by the smaller size of body, by the presence of spinous tegument and ventral sucker smaller than oral sucker; from P. parumbursaitus Freitas & Dobbin Jr., 1961 by the smaller size of body and suckers and the bigger size of eggs; from P. rangeli Artigas & Zerpa, 1961 by the bigger size of suckers and eggs; and front P. freitasi Vicente, 1978 by the smaller size of body, by the bigger size of eggs and by the different position of gonads that in the new species are close to the ventral sucker.

Neurosecretory cells of the nervous system of third-instar larvae of Anastrepha obliqua Macquart, 1835 were located and described histomorphologically. Six groups of neurosecretory cells were identified in the brain and one group in the ventral ganglion. The groups differed in position, cell size and staining characteristics. Four of these groups appear to he active throughout the third instar and three, from the prepupal period.

New species described from Brazil: Sphagoeme acuta (Minas Gerais) and Aleiphaquilon rugosum (Rio Grande do Sul). Key to the species of the genera Sphagoeme Aurivillius (Oemini); Aleiphaquilon Martins (Callidiopini) and Gigantotrichoderes Tippmann (Trachiderini, Torneutina) are presented. G. flabellicomis (Zajciw, 1965) is revalidaled.

A detailed study of the thorax morphology and his appendices of adults, males and females, of the following south Brazilian Morphinae species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) is presented: Morpho helenor violaceus Fruhstorfer, 1912, Iphimedeia hercules(Dalman, 1823), Iphixibia anaxibia (Esper, 1801). Cytheritis portis thamyris (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867), Cytherilis aega (Huebner, 1822). Pessonia catenaria (Perry, 1811). Grasseia menelaus nestira (Huebner, 1821).

Qualilative and quantitative studies of Isopoda species were made at Mundaú/Manguaba Estuary-Lagoon Complex on the Coast of Alagoas State. Six points were established in order to carry out methodical collections of animals. These collections were made monthly, without interruption, from April, 1990 to March, 1991, in which three families, five genera and seven species of Isopoda were identified. A special key for identification of Isopoda and also diagnosis for each species are presented. Sphaeromatidae Family was the most significant and Cassidinidea fluminensis (Mane-Garzón, 1944), was the species with numerical dominance. Space/time distribution of the species of Isopoda was related to the variation of salinity.

A detailed study of the morphology of abdomen and genitalia of adults, males and females, of the following south Brazilian Morphinae species (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) is presented: Morpho helenor violacetis Fruhstorfer. 1912. Iphimedeia hercules (Daiman, 1823). Iphixibia anaxibia (Esper, 1801). Cytheritis portis thamyris (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867), Cytheritis aega (Huebner, 1822), Pessonia catenaria (Perry, 1811), Grasseia menelaus nestira (Huebner, 1821).

Use of nest-boxes for management of cavity nesting birds in anthropic areas can give good results. In November 1987, data collection begun in UNICAMP, Campinas (São Paulo), with the objective of favouring establishment and increase in urban bird communities. The House Wren (Troglodytes aedon Viellot. 1807) and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) used the nest boxes for reproduction. Nests were collected and analysed (weight, used materials, incubation chamber materials, nest form). House Sparrow used thin materials, like straw, paper and plastic, while house wren used heavy materials, like sticks, wire and tabs of soff drink cans. The nest-boxes offered favorable conditions to bird reproduction and protection in disturbed areas, and showed signs of leading to increase in diversity of species, that might use this nest-boxes for reproduction in the future.

A list of butterflies from Curitiba and vicinity, Paraná, Brazil is given, 486 species are listed. The following are syn.n.: Phanes hoffmani Bell, 1940 of Phanis tavola Schaus, 1902; Parphorus nemorus Bell, 1941 and Tigasis altona Evans. 1955 of Phlebodes fartuga Schaus, 1902; Megistias gisparoides Hayward, 1934 of Megistias sancoya Schaus, 1902; Hesperia curassavica Snellen, 1887 of Hesperia clavus Erickson, 1848. The following is a stat.n.: Vehilius almoneus vetus Mielke, 1969. The following are comb.n.: Phanes tavola (Schaus, 1902); Parphorus fartuga (Schaus, 1902); Cobalopsis sancoya (Schaus, 1902); Arita polistion (Schaus, 1902). The following is sp.rev.: Arita polistion (Schaus, 1902).

In order to analyse the diet of Schizodon intermedius Garavello & Britski, 1990, captures were made every season during the period of April/1990 to February/1991, using gillnets of different mesh size at Sertanópolis, a region of Paraná State. An analysis of stomach fullness degree was made upon 76 individuals (including young ones). A sample of 20 adult specimens was chose to compare the morphology of the digestive tract with the diet found. It was concluded that S. intermedius is a grazer herbivore whose principal diet consists of leaves and stalks of two monocotyledonous plants: Poaceae and/or Cyperaceae. This species shows quanlitative, but not qualitative feeding seasonal variations. It was verified that intestinal quotient of the species is X = 1.34, the variation of gill rakers number is 18-23 and of the pyloric caeca number is 15-25. These morphological characteristics found in this species are typical of herbivore fishes.