RCAAP Repository

The excess of soluble salts in soil and water, and low and irregular rainfall are the main problems in agriculture and justifies the need to consider measures to production in semiarid areas. In this sense, the work was carried out to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water, side lining of pits and application of calcium in Entisol fertility attributes cultivated with yellow passion fruit cv. BRS Giant Yellow. The treatments were arranged in a split plot in esuqema 2 x (2 x 5) corresponding to salinity (0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1), main plot, combined with pits without and with lateral protection of pits and calcium doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), subplots. The treatments were distributed in four randomized blocks and the experimental unit was formed by four plants. The variables evaluated were: electrical conductivity of soil saturation extract, pH, exchangeable bases, potential acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation and exchangeable sodium percentage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the effects of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (salinity) and protection of the pits were compared by the F test (p ≤ 0.05) and those related to calcium doses adjusted by regression by the F test (p ≤ 0.10). The increase in the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water increased the levels of Na+, K+, CEC and ESP, whereas for Ca2+, BS and H++Al3+ the increase was only observed in the coated pits. The coating of the pits with plastic film intensified the salinization and sodification of the soil. The application of calcium in addition to increasing its soil content, attenuated the damaging effect of sodium, reducing ECse, Na+ and ESP. The high calcium level fertilization 60 kg ha-1 is recommended for the cultivation of passion fruit in Entisol with a low calcium content.

The understanding of the relationships involved in the water erosion process is the goal of everyone who deals with environmental degradation and the agricultural losses caused by it. In order to assist in the development of soil preservation strategies and containment this type of erosion, the present study aimed to: Chapter I) determine the characteristics of surface runoff and the determination of interill erodibility of the evaluated soils; establish correlations between physical and chemical properties of soils and Ki, in order to establish a mathematical model for their prediction; apply existing models for indirect estimation of Ki and evaluate its applicability to the soils of this study. Chapter II) indirectly evaluate surface sealing and crust formation through changes in hydraulic variables and soil interill erodibility. Four soils were evaluated: Ferralsol (FR); Acrisol (AC); Leptosol (LP); Luvisol (LV). The selection criterion was based on the degree of pedogenetic development. The interill erosion experiments were conducted under simulated rainfall, in laboratory conditions, with uncovered soil and plot slope of the 0.10 mm-1. The tests were carried out in experimental plots, with a useful area of 0,3481 m², where it was carried out tests with simulated rains, with mean intensity adjusted in 85 mm h-1 for 75 min. Simulated rains were applied at three consecutive events at 7 day intervals (Periods 0, 7 and 14 days) to determine the effects of surface sealing during rainfall and crust formation after the soil drying period on plot. Soil loss rates (PSi), suspended sediment concentration, flow rate, soil disaggregation rate (Di), characterization of hydraulic flow variables and soil interill erodibility (Ki) were evaluated. The flow regime in all soils was characterized as slow or subcritical laminar and the occurrence of interril erosion was confirmed. In Chapter I, it was possible to conclude that physical and chemical characteristics of each soil had a more direct influence in the understanding of the behavior of hydraulic variables of the surface runoff and the interill erodibility than the degree of pedogenetic development; among the evaluated soils, Luvisol (LV), although one of the least developed soils, was the most stable, with the lowest PSi, Di and Ki values; the existing models applied for indirect estimation of Ki were not adequate for all evaluated soils; the model suggested in this study proposes the use of the DMPAU and the Feo to estimate Ki in soils with the same characteristics of the evaluated soils. In Chapter II, it was conclude that formation of sealing and surface crusts were observed with increase of the flow velocity and liquid discharge, and the decrease of the height of the water sheet, as well as in the changes in PSi, Di and Ki, being in the first event of simulated rainfall the greater contribution to formation of superficial crusting; the LV showed the most stable after the successive events of simulated rainfall, even though the surface roughness was modified, did not present significant changes in the concentration of suspended sediment, total soil losses, maximum disaggregation rate and soil interill erodibility.

The new productive scenarios, resulting from the transformations of paradigms in the workplace and rapid social and technological transformations, have greatly impacted the relation between work and gender. Linked to this issue, the situation that women experience in the workplace, in several countries, is marked by inequality of opportunities, treatment and rights. Thus, the present thesis aimed to understand the analysis of articulations between the social relations of gender and work, considering in the theoretical framework the Brazilian scientific production and in the empirical scope the psychic dynamics of the professors of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). We assume that, although the work space in a federal public university is, in principle, isononomic and equitable, gender social relations interfere in the organization and development of the teaching activity of women. For this, the thesis was organized in 04 articles. The first article analyzed the current situation of women in the workplace in Brazil, based on social indicators of work and gender. In it, we carried out a survey of the reports, statistics and analyzes of the relationship between labor and gender in Brazil produced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Perseu Abramo Foundation, International Labor Organization, World Economic Forum and United Nations (UN) Women. In Brazil, gender inequality in work has declined in the last decade, but has rapidly increased in the last two years, putting Brazil in one of the worst positions in the world. Knowing this current scenario is one of the factors that helps the elaboration and implementation of coping strategies and promotion of work equality. The second article dealt with a qualitative meta-analysis of Brazilian scientific production in work and gender psychology. To do so, a systematic review was carried out from five national electronic databases. After selection by the criteria of inclusion and analysis by judges, 59 articles were classified as belonging to the area of Psychology. In these we perform a scientometric analysis, dividing them into two groups by time band: (1) (2008-2017, N = 38), and (2) (1997-2007, N = 21). A qualitative meta-analysis was carried out with articles published in the last 10 years that were submitted to textual analysis with the aid of software IRaMuTeQ. He results indicate that predominantly, among them, gender has been treated as a focus, being thematic work; and that there is still a naturalization of women's roles. The third article aimed to reflect on the place of teaching women in federal universities, especially at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB). To do this, we investigated census data, together with the Pro-Rector's Office for People Management (PROGEP) (from 1998 to 2018) for the local scenario and for the national scenario the reports from 1999 to 2017, as well as reports from the National Development Council Scientific and Technological (CNPq). We identified a process of feminization, which groups teachers primarily to the areas of knowledge of health care and education. In addition, they have difficulties in advancing their careers and receive fewer Research Productivity Scholarships (PQ)/CNPq, in addition to occupying less management spaces in a higher university hierarchy, in spite of the fact that, at present, the role of provost is occupied by a woman. The fourth article investigated the psychic dynamics of female teachers at a federal university based on the gender and work relationship. This study had a qualitative character, in which individual interviews were carried out in the context of the work of the female teachers of different courses of the campus I of the UFPB. We analyzed evidences of the expressions of the relation between gender and work in the work of the teaching women of the UFPB, as well as the repercussions of these in the process of naturalization of the barriers imposed and the movements to face this situation. The combination of the four articles allows us to think about indicators and contexts for reproduction in federal universities of the gender and work relation for the teaching woman as well as to foment coping strategies.

The dissertation develops the discussion between fighting poverty, income transfer, social equity and job insecurity. In order to analyze the income transfer programs to combat poverty in neo-developmentism the perspective of social equity by way of casualization of labor relations. Specifically, the objectives revolve around the debate casualization of labor relations and its relationship with neodesenvolvimentista prospect of economic growth with social equity in Brazil; verification of how the income transfer programs work to combat poverty in Brazil as a playback mechanism of the workforce; and, finally, demonstrate that neodesenvolvimentista proposal for economic growth with social equity to combat poverty plays a qualified army of precarious labor force in contemporary times, making note of the limits of the proposed economic growth with social equity. Sustained hypothesis is that the promotion of economic growth with social equity proposed by neo-developmentism finds itself its limits, for the development of the productive forces necessary for economic growth tends to lead to the expulsion of the workforce and promoting qualification of workers in order to provide them with the conditions to compete in the market, ends up increasing your working condition precarious and exploited, subjected to the most degrading forms of use of its workforce, and subjugates the share of workers employed the most severe operating conditions. Our research is of theoretical character, and therefore, to build the same worked through the readings, analysis and systematization of the major works that deal with the theme, making a historical review of past forms of precarious work, based Capital (book I) Marx, until we reach the contemporary forms, the main references of the authors Ricardo Antunes, Giovanni Alves, Luciano Vasapollo and Grace Druck; to the debate on social equity, we use the concept of social justice elaborated by John Rawls. And to support our hypothesis, we still use secondary data available, among others, by IBGE, DIEESE, IPEA, MDS / MDSA, ECLAC, UN and ILO. Regarding the methodology we used the historical dialectic method which seeks a real grasp of the facts, that is, beyond the apparent, investigating the essence of objects through successive approximations of reality.

Introduction: The current consensus is that the first dentin reaction to the carious process is dentin sclerosis, which begins when the carious lesion still partially advances in the dental enamel layer, and as the carious lesion advances in the enamel and dentin, before the stage Of cavitation, most underlying dentin layer is sclerotic, blocking and / or drastically reducing the transport of liquids from the pulp chamber to the enamel. Such consensus, which has important implications for noninvasive treatment strategies, is based on histopathological analysis of dentin reactions performed with stereomicroscopy (MS), which has many biases that interfere with the detection of sclerosed and carious dentin. Areas detected as sclerotic dentin and / or dentin normal to MS may present as areas of carious dentin at radiomicrographic examination. In this context, it is important to reevaluate the correlation between enamel and dentin reactions in proximal carious lesions. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to test two null hypotheses: (I) stereomicroscopy (MS) as well as radiomicrography with contrast solution of potassium iodide and mercury iodide (Thoulet solution with refractive index 1.47) (RxTh) result In a similar correlation between enamel and dentin reactions in natural non-cavitary proximal carious lesions (ICDAS scores 1-3); And (II) EM and RxTh detect equal proportions of maximum dentin reaction severity in proximal carious lesions. Methods: A total of 91 human teeth, premolars and molars, with proximal carious lesion, distributed according to the ICDAS scores of 0 to 3 were selected. The teeth were sectioned transversely, 2 cm below the cementoenamel junction, with the objective of separating the crowns from the roots and removing the pulp tissue. After removal of the pulps, the pulp chambers of lesions with ICDAS 3 scores were filled with radiographic contrast solution to check for RxTh at different time intervals whether or not there was displacement of the liquid to the enamel. Afterwards, histological sections (~ 1 mm thickness) were analyzed by a calibrated evaluator (Kappa of 0.81), regarding the extent of enamel reactions (through MS alone) and dentin (through both MS and RxTh, in the latter after immersion for 24 h in contrast solution). Results: The experiment of the displacement of the contrast solution in the intact crowns revealed an easy transport from the pulp chamber to the enamel of the proximal carious lesion. Spearman correlations between enamel and dentin reactions were 0.6541 (ME) and 0.2376 (RxTh), being statistically significant the difference between them (p = 0.0001, test Z), magnitude of effect q of 0 , 54 (95% unicaudal confidence interval: 0.61 / 0.22) and statistical power of 97.4%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the use of RxTh results in a correlation between enamel and dentin reactions in proximal carious lesions that is much smaller than the use of MS, and that RxTh detects a much higher proportion of maximum dentin reaction in carious lesion Proximal.

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Due to the popularization of smartphones and improvements in mobile internet services, a new way of buying goods and acquiring services online has been gaining new adepts. This innovation in online trading is the mobile commerce. In m-commerce, people use their mobile devices to connect to the internet and through it they can consume the goods and services that suit them. However, there is still a significant portion of people who have not yet had an experience with this new context. Thus, this study aimed to understand how perceived value contributes to people's intention to adopt m-commerce. Also, understanding which factors precede and influence the shaping of perceived value also constitutes an objective of the present research. In a quantitative way, the survey method was applied through a structured questionnaire, disseminated in social networks, which generated a snowball effect and allowed the collection of 452 valid questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using the softwares SPSS and R. From an exploratory analysis of the data (ANOVA), it was possible to observe a significant difference in the responses between two groups of the sample: 1) people who had some experience with m-commerce and 2) those who have never made purchase through a cell phone. Thus, it was decided to carry out three analyzes, a global one, involving all questionnaires collected, one specific for the group of those who already bought via m-commerce and another for the group of those who never bought via mcommerce. In the overall analysis, seven of the nine background factors tested for influence on perceived value had their hypotheses accepted: perceived utility, perceived ease of use, relative advantage, compatibility, pleasure, perceived safety, and perceived cost. Interesting results emerged in the specific analyzes, such as the complexity construct that proved to be significant for the formation of the perceived value in the group that never bought via mobile phone, and the relative advantage that proved to be influential in the context of those who had some experience with m-commerce, but was rejected for those who have not yet.

Essa dissertação investiga a relação do trabalho infantil rural do Brasil com a riqueza familiar, sendo esta determinada pelo número de contratos de crédito obtidos pelo Pronaf (Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar). Dessa forma, a análise desta relação permitiu inferir que o número de horas trabalhadas pelas crianças aumentou quando a riqueza da família esteve atrelada a atividade produtiva, apontando para evidências da hipótese do "paradoxo da riqueza” no Brasil rural. O método utilizado de Regressão para dados de contagem, proposto por Silva et al (2013) e dados do Censo demográfico 2010.

The purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the consumer education, promoted by consumer socialization process, as an alternative to reduce asymmetry between suppliers and demanders and to generate fairness in market relations. Consumer education is understood as the process that helps individuals to acquire knowledge, to develop skills and to be aware about their responsibilities as consumers and about the of their consumption choices consequences. Consumer education can also contribute to consumer to exercise of citizenship. Consumption was considered here as a social construction. Therefore, concepts from sociology, anthropology, and marketing were used to comprehend how people learn to consume. The theoretical framework addresses themes such as consumption, consumer education, socialization, and consumer vulnerability. A qualitative study with interpretative inspiration was carried out, using interviews with members from different generations of four families. The interviews allowed to identify primary and secondary socialization consumption agents. It is important to note that, sometimes agents assume both role. The results showed that the consumption, despite being part of everyday life, is rare in the formal learning. This shows us the informal aspect of the transmission of consumer behavior and unreflective aspect of consumption practice. The flows of knowledge, values and consumption behaviors were characterized in each family. Since we verified that these flows happen in a multidirectional way, we denominated them as "transgenerational transmissions". It was also identified how consumer education can be practiced by means of the socialization process. Suggestions were made to contribute with research and practice of consumer education such as: (a) to encourage the view that the individual can practice citizenship in his/her consumer choices, and (b) to warn family about practices with negative impacts on children and adolescents. We found also that consumer education actions, in order to have real effectiveness, should start in the early childhood by socialization agents, including the school and the family. As a result, it is expected more reflexive individuals with knowledge about consumer relations and awareness about their consumption choices consequences. We hope to contribute to reach balance and fairness in the marketing system.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium selenite replacement by selenomethionine on diets for laying hens. For this, 384 semi-weighted laying hens with 50 weeks of distribution were used from a completely randomized design in two treatments with twelve replicates of 16 birds per experimental unit. The experiment with chickens lasted 140 days, divided into five periods of 28 days. The treatments consisted in the supplementation of 0.3 ppm of selenium from an inorganic source (45% sodium selenite - SS) and an organic source (Selenomethionine - SeMet, 1%). Feed consumption, egg production, feed conversion per mass and per dozen eggs, egg weight and egg mass were evaluated. As bone parameters, the tibial resistance and the Seedor Index calculation were performed. In the last three days of each period egg quality assessments were performed for percentage of yolk, albumen and bark, specific gravity, bark resistance and Haugh Unit. The same quality evaluations were evaluated in the fifth (5th), tenth (10th), fifteenth (15th) and twentieth (20th) days of egg storage. The performance data were submitted to F test and Tukey's test and submitted to the factorial analysis scheme (source vs. time). The parameters of bark resistance and specific gravity were influenced by the substitution of selenomethionine, in which this treatment obtained averages of 3.68 kgf and 1.0767 g / cm3 for eggs submitted to storage at room temperature. There was influence on the bone parameters analyzed in which birds receiving selenomethionine in the diet obtained a mean of resistance of tibia and Seedor index of 28.56 kgf and 70.56, respectively, against 18.42 kgf and 60.04 of the birds that received sodium selenite in the diet. Therefore, selenomethionine did not influence the performance and egg quality variables of 1 day of laying, however, it obtained better indices for eggs stored for up to 20 days and provided better bone quality to the semidaid laying hens when compared to sodium selenite.

The aim of this study was to evaluate performance, ingestive behavior, ruminal and morphometric characteristics of rumen and intestine, as well as carcass characteristics, non-carcass constituents, meat quality and economic viability of Santa Inês lambs fed with increasing levels of guava agroindustrial residue (GAW) in the diet. The treatments used were: 0; 7.5; 15; 22.5 and 30% GAW in the dry matter of the diet. Tifton hay, corn, soybean and mineral salt made up the other ingredients of the feed, but with fixed values. A total of 40 uncastrated male lambs with mean age of 120 days and mean initial weight of 21.33 ± 2.18 kg were distributed in individual stalls, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and eight replicates. The parameter for slaughter of the animals was the body weight of 36 kg. It was observed that GAW treatments showed no difference for the performance variables (P> 0.05), with a daily gain of 328 g / day. However, it presented orthogonal contrast of the control vs. other treatment. Among consumptions, only the consumption of ethereal extract (CEE) presented a positive effect (P <0.05). For nutrient digestibility, only protein did not present significant difference (P> 0.001) between treatments. The GAW favored pH neutrality, decreased N-NH3 and Pmic ruminal concentrations, increased propionic acid concentrations, decreased rumen muscle layer thickness, but increased intestinal mucosa, which favored higher nutrient absorption. Of the carcass characteristics, only the carcass compatability index presented a positive effect (P> 0.05). There was an effect (P <0.05) of the diets on the weights of the palette, rib and shank cuts. And among the non-carcass components there was an increase in liver size and an increase in fat deposits. The chemical composition of the meat was altered by the inclusion of GAW, but did not influence (P> 0.05) none of the sensorial attributes evaluated. Regardless of the GAW addition in the diets, the sheep meat showed to be soft, with the tenderness being the highest among the attributes, with an average of 5.94. The RAG can be effectively used as a feed ingredient of sheep at levels up to 30% without affecting the efficiency of the animals, since it has good acceptability by the animals and has positive nutritional characteristics for the growth performance of the animals and animal health, in addition to being the best economically feasible and cost effective option among treatments.

The Caatinga is subject to several forms of environmental aggression of anthropic nature, such as the introduction of invasive exotic species, which may have allelopathic activity in the native species, interfering with the germination of the seeds and their initial development. The present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the exotic species Melia azedarach Linnaeus on the target species of the Caatinga: Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) Steud., Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. and Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke, belonging to the Fabaceae family. The effects were evaluated by seed germination, germination velocity index and primary root size, bioassay results with aqueous solution, sandwich and plant-box methods. For each target species, root, stem and leaves M. azedarach were used, totaling nine bioassays. In the aqueous solution method, five treatments with four replicates were used; in the sandwich method four treatments and five replications were used and in the plant-box method there were 36 treatments with four replicates. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (Test F) and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. By the bioassay response with the three applied methods, it was verified that the increase in the concentration of the aqueous solutions and dry material of M. azedarach, caused inhibition in seed germination, decrease in IVG and root length of the target species, more pronounced by compounds of the donor root than by the stem and leaf compounds.

The tomato is one of the most cultivated and consumed vegetables in the world, however it is considered a high risk crop when we consider the large number of phytosanitary problems in which it is affected. Being the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B, one of these main problems, given the damages and the cost of control that is inserted in its production. The use of resistant cultivars associated to biological control within an Integrated Pest Management program can act as one of the best solutions to problems with this pest, since the reduction or elimination of control with pesticides. In view of the above, the general objective of this research was to determine if mutant tomatoes confer resistance to Bemisia tabaci biotype B and its influence on the parasitoid Encarsia hispida. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Entomology of the Federal University of Paraiba, Campus II Areia-PB, addressing in three articles to the topics explained above. The performance of five mutant tomatoes (aurea, cry, phyA, phyB1, phyB2) plus one susceptible standard tomato ('IAC-Santa Clara') were evaluated in a greenhouse and field environment. Article I: The objective of this study was to determine if mutant tomatoes confer resistance to B. tabaci biotype B. In the free choice test (TLE), the number of eggs, nymphs and adults / plants was measured and, furthermore, the index of attractiveness (AI) and the index of preference for IPO oviposition, colonization of nymphs, damage and growth of fumagina. The number of eggs, IPO, insect biology and number of trichomes were measured in the non-choice test (TSE). In the TLE, the standard cultivar presented higher number of eggs, nymphs and adults, higher IPA, IPO, damage and growth of the fumagina, besides high colonization of nymphs and low number of trichomes. In the TLE the aurea provided the largest and the standard cultivar the shortest number of days to complete the insect biology. The aurea presents resistance type antibiosis and antixenosis, less damages to the plants and less growth of the fumagina when infested by B. tabaci biotype B. Article II: The biochemical and physiological behavior of mutant tomatoes against the B. tabaci biotype B attack was verified by measuring the number of eggs, nymphs and adults of the pest after three periods of infestation and the activity of POX, PPO and PAL enzymes as well as the physiological variables A, E, gs, Ci, iWUE, EiC and WUE, fluorescence, chlorophyll and number of trichomes. The mutants presented lower infestation and colonization of the pest; increased activity of oxidative enzymes; and less wear the physiology against the attack of B. tabaci when compared to 'Santa Clara'. The aurea confers greater resistance, activates its biochemical defense mechanisms, and suffers less physiological damage in the face of B. tabaci infestation. Article III: The objective was to investigate the tritrophic interaction between mutant tomatoes, B. tabaci biotype B and the parasitoid Encarsia hispida. Tomatoes were used as hosts of the pest, and the 3rd and 4th instar nymphs were submitted to the parasitism of E. hispida. It was evaluated the biological development of the parasitoid and also the natural parasitism index and under releases of this agent. The biological development of the parasitoid was not affected by the mutant tomatoes, as well as the longevity and the sexual ratio. As for the parasitism, the index was higher in protected environment, the mutant aurea and the standard cultivar with the highest values, already in the field no differences were observed among tomato plants. Mutants provide adequate biological development to the parasitoid; the rate of parasitism is higher when the parasitoid is released; aurea and ‘Santa Clara’ have higher rates of parasitism.

Drought is a meteorological phenomenon that causes significant losses in agriculture, especially in arid and semiarid regions, such as the Brazilian Northeast. The use of tolerant cultivars is among the main strategies for coexist with drought and uplift the relevant species cultivation. In this context, peanut is an oilseed of great socioeconomic importance for the semiarid region, predominantly cultivated by family-based farmers. Because it is one of the few tetraploid species of the genus Arachis, cultivated peanut are reproductively isolated from wild relatives, most of them diploid. However, even with chromosome barriers, the wild species use is seen as an excellent alternative to increase the genetic variability of cultivated peanuts and to develop new cultivars adapted to the semiarid climate. Currently, several alotetraploids have been obtained by Embrapa multidisciplinary team, which are being evaluated for drought tolerance. In the present study, selection and validation procedures were performed on a population of peanut allotetraploids {BR 1 x [BR 1 x (A. batizocoi K9484 x A. duranensis SeSn 2848)4x]} based on drought tolerance, using physiological and agronomic descriptors (Chapter I). Then, peanut alotetraploides were evaluated in greenhouse and field, focusing on molecular, biochemical and agronomic characteristics, in order to identify and select plants with better ability to adjust to water stress (Chapter II). Initially sixty-four alotetraploids were grown in a greenhouse in Campina Grande-PB during the dry season. After flowering, irrigation was suspended for 15 days and resumed after this period. Three genotypes were used as controls: BR1, Senegal 55-437 (tolerant to water stress) and LViPE-06 (sensitive to water stress). On the last day of stress, gas exchange and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were measured in all plants. These data were used in the selection of alotetraploids with drought tolerance, along with agronomic descriptors related to production and precocity. The selected plants were cultivated in two environments (Lagoa Seca and Campina Grande) in order to validate the drought tolerance. Cultivation was carried out in the rainy season, and agronomic descriptors related to precocity, production and water use efficiency were evaluated. Gene expression, superoxide dismutase type’s activity (SOD) and proline content were also evaluated in selected plants. Based on the tests performed, several alotetraploids have drought tolerance, with similar or higher characteristics than those observed in the cultivar currently cultivated in the Northeast of Brazil (BR 1). Alotetraploids have expression differentiated levels of SOD types and the proline precursor, and there is a relationship between the transcripts production and the metabolites synthesis subsequent. The 53 P4 and 96 P9 lines were more productive and efficient in the water use, denoting to be promising for the cultivation in semiarid conditions. The adoption of these materials represents an opportunity to broaden the genetic base of future cultivars, as well as to subsidize the wild genetic resources use in breeding programs facing semiarid.

The success of a breeding program based on hybridization depends on the genetic variability available to exploit it through selection. One way of generating variability and increasing genetic diversity is by mutation, artificially using mutagenic agents. Among the mutagenic agents, ionizing radiation has been widely used, however, according to the dose of gamma radiation that the organism is exposed to, it can cause several apparent modifications, such as death, inhibition or stimulation. The objective of this study was to evaluate radiosensitivity of eggplant seeds to gamma radiation with 60Co, estimating the genetic variability by means of morphoagronomic characterization for traits uni and multivariate. Eggplant genotype seeds (BGH 2404) were subjected to gamma radiation of Cobalt-60 (60Co) at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 Gy. After the radiation, the seeds were seeded in polystyrene trays. Sixteen quantitative characters and 18 qualitative characters were evaluated, regarding size, inflorescence and fruit, based on the list of eggplant descriptors suggested by the International Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven treatments (radiation doses) and 10 replicates. The quantitative data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test at the 5% level of significance and the means were compared by the Dunnett test at 5% significance. The data were also submitted to multivariate analysis of variance by the F test at the 5% level of significance, and the dissimilarity measure based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance was adopted, and the data were grouped by the Tocher and UPGMA methods. We also performed the relative contribution of the characters using the criterion proposed by Singh and finally we performed analysis of genetic divergence through canonical variables. According to the results, it was concluded that the gamma radiation with 60Co was responsible for morphological alterations in most of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics analyzed, indicating the possibility of the occurrence of mutations in the evaluated individuals. Considering the obtained results, the radiation dose of 25 Gy is indicated to obtain genetic variability in eggplant. Exposure of the seeds to gamma dose radiation of 800 Gy caused deleterious effects detrimental to their germination. The effects of gamma radiation on Solanun melongena L. seeds does not follow a variation pattern according to the doses used. The variability observed in the clusters is indicative of the diversity among the genotypes and is therefore promising for the selection of mutant individuals with the potential to continue the investigation of the occurrence of mutations induced by gamma radiation.

The accumulation of coconut shells in inappropriate places in the urban area, besides causing a deleterious effect to the city's image, has caused a series of economic and environmental problems for the municipalities, since it affects the municipal services of collection, transportation and disposal of garbage, due to the large volume it occupies and the decomposition time that can reach 12 years. The search for energy alternatives, due to the availability of firewood, is becoming more and more necessary. In light of the above, the objective of this research was the use of energy sources (green coconut shell) in the replacement of firewood in red ceramics in the State of Paraíba. Residues of coconut husks (20, 30 and 40%), eucalyptus residues (20%) and sabiá residues (20%) were used in relation to the control wood obtained from the caatinga, which were burned in a Hoffman oven with a higher temperature (900oC). The samples of ash were analyzed for the presence of phosphorus (P2O5) calcium (CaO), magnesium (MgO), copper (total Cu), iron (total Fe), manganese (total Mn) and zinc (total Zn). As the different sources of residues used in Ceramic Good Product are used, the amount of CaO, MgO and Mn and Cu in the ashes resulting from the burning of these materials is increased. Regarding the consumption of firewood, it was verified that the treatment in which wood + 40% of coconut residue was used, resulted in a lower consumption of firewood, with a greater efficiency in the burning of the bricks, thus leading to lower environmental degradation, due to the lower use of firewood from the caatinga. According to the data obtained in the present study, it was verified that there is viability for the use of firewood mixed with the coconut residue (40%), for the ease of acquisition, and that the ashes obtained in the Cerâmica Good Product with addition of firewood + (40%) presented high levels of CaO and MgO with potential to be used in the correction and fertilization of acid soils

The pineapple presents high nutritional demand, presenting the greater demand for nitrogen and potassium, nutrients that are related to the development of the culture and consequently the quality of the infructescence. Thus, in order to obtain high yields it is necessary to implement a program of careful fertilization, in which the contents of these elements must be adequately made available. For this purpose, the present essay was presented, which will be presented in two chapters. In the first chapter, the objective was to evaluate the mineral nutrition of the 'Pérola' pineapple under nitrogen and potassium fertilization. In the second, the objective was to evaluate the effect of vegetative growth, productivity and quality of infructescences of 'Pérola' pineapple under nitrogen and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conducted in the municipality of Alhandra, State of Paraíba, from January 2014 to March 2015. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, containing ten treatments and three replications, totaling 30 experimental units. The treatments were arranged according to the modified Plan Puebla III matrix, which consisted of the combination of N (30, 180, 300, 420, 570 kg ha-1) and K2O (30, 180, 300, 420, 570 kg ha -1). Puppy-like seedlings of the 'Pérola' cultivar were planted in a single rows system, at a spacing of 0.80 m x 0.30 m. The vegetative growth variables were determined at 150, 210, 270 and 300 days after planting (DAP), as well as the productivity and quality of the infructescences. Data were submitted to analysis of variance. In order to evaluate the effect of N and K2O doses and days after planting, the response surface and polynomial regression analysis technique was used, as well as analyzes of the main components of the aforementioned variables. In chapter I, 150, 210, 300, 420 and 300 days after planting were evaluated: the SPAD index, the chlorophyll content, and the N, P and K contents in leaf 'D' and in the soil. Between N and K2O, interaction was observed, with N and P content in the leaves linearly increased with time (days after planting), as well as soil P and K contents. For the SPAD index, there was a significant correlation with the levels of chlorophyll, potassium and nitrogen. Thus, it is evident that the SPAD index can be used to verify the nitrogen status in the 'Pérola' pineapple crop. In Chapter II, at 150, 210, 270 and 300 days after planting the following viii vegetative growth characteristics were evaluated: length, basal and median width, fresh and dry mass of 'D' leaf. The following variables were evaluated in the harvest at 15 months after planting: productivity, percentage of fruits of classes I (900 g to 1,200 kg); II (1,200 to 1,500 kg); III (1,500 to 1,800 kg) and IV (1,800 to 2,100 kg). In relation to post-harvest quality characteristics of infructescences, physical evaluations were performed: infructescence weight with and without crown, length of infructescence and crown, yield of crown, bark, stem and pulp of infructescences, and physical- chemical properties: titratable acidity (AT), soluble solids (SS), SS / AT ratio and ascorbic acid. Between the N and K2O rates, as well as the interaction of N doses with days after planting, there was an interaction, in which the increase of days after planting linearly increased the length, basal width and dry mass of leaf 'D'. For the leaf length 'D' there was a positive Pearson correlation with the fresh mass (r = 0.7465), basal width (r = 0.7906) and the median width (r = 0.6474). Productivity correlated positively with the fresh mass of crown infructescence (r = 1.00) and without crown (r = 0.7465), infructescence length (r = 0.6073) and mean fruit diameter r = 0.5725). The combination of the doses of 570 kg ha-1 of N and 570 kg ha-1 of K2O provided maximum increase in the basal width of 'D' leaf, while the highest dose of 570 kg ha-1 of N at 300 days after planting favored the fresh 'D' leaf mass. The application of the highest dose of N (570 kg ha-1) with the lowest dose of K2O (30 kg ha-1) produced infrutescences with the mass of 1,507.87 g and yield of 62.85 t ha-1.

The 1950s and 1960s are characterized by the linkage of educational debate to developmentalist perspectives. In this context, the "regional imbalances" gain visibility through the work of intellectuals who, at the forefront of institutions such as the Superintendency for the Development of the Northeast region of Brazil (SUDENE), begin to identify differences between "levels and rhythms" of "growth" of Brazilian regions. The analysis resulted in the characterization of two countries: an "archaic Brazil", underdeveloped, located mainly in the northeast region; and a "modern Brazil", identified by the "progress" and "development", located in the south-central region. Higher education, based on "science and technique", emerges as a mechanism able to invert the historical underdevelopment that characterizes the northeast region. In the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil, the developmentalist debate reverberated in the creation of a set of institutions such as the Foundation for the Development of Science and Technology (FUNDACT) and the Regional University of the Northeast (URNe). These institutions emphasized the primacy of higher education in the "New Northeast" construction project. The present study aims to analyze the project of development of the northeast region of Brazil from the creation of the URNe. For this purpose, we will privilege the work of intellectuals in the city of Campina Grande who, by occupying prominent positions in the written press, defended higher education as a propelling element for regional development. The study period was from the "beginning" of the movement of the intellectuals in Campina Grande, who aimed to create a university that would privilege the study of the "regional reality", to the late 1960s, when political changes reverberated in the URNe and when changes in the regionalist thought led to a change in the project, which initially aimed at the development of the northeast region and, consequently, the university development. The sources of research consisted of newspapers (A União, Diário da Borborema, Jornal de Campina), infra-constitutional legislation of the URNe, and educational materials, such as those from the curriculum of Sociology, taught by professor José Lopes de Andrade at the Central Institute of Human Sciences (ICCH) of the URNe. The printed sources will be problematized from the theoretical-methodological contributions of the Linguistic Contextualism of Quentin Skinner and John Pocock. We will try to understand the journalistic text as "enunciated", i.e., as an intervention that aims to demarcate and establish ways of thinking, thus intervening in the political debate. The results suggest a broadness of higher education in the "New Northeast" construction project. From the dynamics of the journalistic field and occupying leading positions in higher education institutions, intellectuals such as Edvaldo de Souza do Ó and José Lopes de Andrade promoted several campaigns and activities and established institutions that culminated in the creation of the URNe.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo central analizar el Curso de Extensión en Tecnología en Gestión de Organizaciones y Movimientos Populares de Base del Instituto de Fe y Política de Amargosa– BA. Asimismo, busca analizar el contexto histórico de dicho Instituto, estudiar la Matriz Curricular del curso y también relacionar la actuación del egresado con la formación recibida en el curso de Fe y Política, identificando las contribuciones de este en la acción de los egresados en sus áreas de actuación. Para las discusiones teóricas de las cuestiones abordadas en este estudio, se ha recurrido a autores como Guerrieri (1994), Freire (2016), Hurtado (1992), Gutiérrez (1988), Gohn (2012), Preiswerk (1997), Kosik (1976), Konder (1992), entre otros. El abordaje utilizado en este estudio se fundamenta en el Estudio de Caso con enfoque cualitativo, teniendo como referencia el materialismo histórico-dialéctico. Para los análisis, las entrevistas fueron transcritas, categorizadas con el texto fiel al lenguaje de los egresados, sobres las cuales, posteriormente, se hizo el análisis de contenido. El estudio de campo reveló que los saberes adquiridos en el curso de Fe y Política dan soporte teórico-práctico para una actuación crítica de los sujetos en sus comunidades. Los sujetos entrevistados afirman que tras participar en el curso, sus prácticas sociales fueron más fundamentadas y reflexionadas, a diferencia de la práctica que tenían antes. Sin embargo, los sujetos afirman que la experiencia práctica en los movimientos sociales aún es la base de sus orientaciones. Además, el estudio percibe que la formación del curso ha contribuido para que algunos egresados profundicen en la enseñanza superior, concretizando sus expectativas profesionales.

The use of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) for wind power generation has been consolidated mainly due the possibility to run at variable speed and decoupled active and reactive stator power control. However, there are still few solutions for wind energy conversion systems connecting the DFIG to the single-phase grid. Even the existing solutions in literature either operate at variable speed, or guarantee balanced three-phase machine voltages with constant frequency in order to feed three-phase loads without an additional converter. This work presents three novel wind energy conversion systems topologies, in order to connect the DFIG to the single-phase grid. The proposed systems use bidirectional CA-CC-AC converters with different number of legs that transform the single-phase grid voltage into balanced three-phase voltages at the generator stator terminals,aswellasathree-phaserotor-sideconverterthatguaranteesthegeneratoractive and reactive power control. In addition, a sensorless rotor position estimation technique was developed. Generator and converter models, pulse width modulation (PWM) and control strategies are presented. The comparisons between the topologies are performed in terms of minimum DC-link voltage and the power switches losses. Several scenarios are simulated, with and without connection of three-phase loads to the system, besides the converters power losses study. Experimental results are also presented and discussed, in order to verify the operation of the proposed topologies.