RCAAP Repository

The diverse uses given to water have intensified the environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Poorly planned urban development is undoubtedly the greatest cause of damage to rivers through the launching of domestic and industrial effluents, among other human activities capable of promoting disastrous changes in the natural environment. Throughout the world, announcements regarding the crisis of drinking water shortages have warned of the need to implement a new development model that aims to improve the quality of life and the environment for present and future generations. In Brazil, faced with the reality experienced, several legal instruments have emerged with the intention of promoting environmental management that aims to cover the need of the population in general and preservation and conservation of the environment. The Water Law, in turn, has brought several changes to the management of water resources and is an important ally for the treatment of urban rivers and for the implementation of an effective environmental management, especially at the municipal level. Due to the great importance of water and its conservation for the maintenance and quality of life, the study aims to analyze the water quality of Preto river in Santa Rita, Paraíba, to investigate the main impacts and propose solutions. For water quality analysis, water samples were collected at previously defined points. The analyzed variables were: chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrogen compounds (ammonia, nitrate and nitrite), dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity and the zooplankton community as indicator of water quality. The parameters that have limits pre-established in the CONAMA Resolution (357/05), had the results compared with the classification in which the Preto river is classified (class 3 of fresh water). The main impacts to which the river is subject during its entire course have also been raised, with the purpose of describing and presenting mitigating proposals and reducing the present socioenvironmental conflicts. The water quality monitoring results showed that some parameters indicate releases of untreated effluents and that total phosphorus, pH, and dissolved oxygen presented nonconformity values at some points evaluated according to the resolution for water class in which the river is classified. The Trophic State Index (TSI), was also classified in some points as hypereutrophic. Biomonitoring of water quality has shown that the environmental impacts along the course of the river have reflected on the structure of the zooplankton community. Environmental education, in turn, is embedded in the entire context of transformation in which the country is located, and must be mentioned and valued. In order to do so, formal and non-formal environmental education activities were developed through lectures and field activities in order to sensitize and encourage residents about the environmental problems they face. It is seen, the need to implement corrective measures so that Preto river has adequate characteristics for which it is intended.

This work presents the results of an immersive research in the context of participatory public management programs, with the general aim of analyzing the Information and Knowledge Management process in the Participatory Budgeting of the municipality of João Pessoa / PB (OPJP). The theoretical dimension was based on the conceptions derived from Information Science, constituted as it is as a field dedicated to studies on the information and knowledge phenomena, as well as to their contributions to the social and institutional development of the subjects, providing the appropriate theoretical framework for the studies on Information and Knowledge Management (GIC) in their different contexts of application. The working theoretical assumption is that GIC, as an integrated management process, constitutes the differential for the efficiency of public management, as it offers the necessary means and resources for information and knowledge to be used in benefit of public management and the improvement of the population’s life quality. As to the methodological dimension, the research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative approach, using as research strategies the bibliographic survey, the documentary research and the case study. The empirical field was composed of the OPJP’s Executive Secretariat, the regional assemblies and the municipal budget regions, considering the regional division adopted in the OPJP. The research included managers, articulators, municipal councilors, regional councilors of the OPJP and members of the communities in each region of the city. For data collection, it made instrumental use of semi-structured interview, focus groups, participant observation and documentary analysis. The results obtained from the data collection were treated through content analysis, with categories and subcategories constructed from the GIC process adopted in this work. The results of this research revealed that there are currently IG and GC actions adopted by OPJP management; however, such actions do not originate from a GIC process specifically planned for the Program. Thus, the management of the information flows existing in the OPJP is not conducted in a professional way, presenting limitations on its results, which end up compromising the wide access and use of information by the different actors related to the Program. The results also allowed to identify the absence of a social protagonism committed to citizenship in the community members, who participate in the Program in a limited way. Such findings evidenced the need for the elaboration of guidelines capable of contributing to the implementation of a GIC process for the OPJP. In this sense, first it was identified the need for the OPJP management to establish actions of educational nature for the people of João Pessoa, fostering a citizen and participatory awareness, educating these subjects for citizenship, besides stimulating the development of informational skills so that the access, the production and the dissemination of information and knowledge allow the necessary dialogue between these subjects in a critical and reflective manner. Besides, technical guidelines have been proposed, composed of a set of actions that will enable the implementation of GIC in the Program’s management. It is concluded that the adoption of such guidelines may contribute to a more active participation of citizens, meeting the foundations of the OPJP and providing the improvement of the management of the information flows of the Program.

This doctoral thesis has the fundamental objective of criticizing transhumanism from the concept of nihilism in the work of Friedrich W. Nietzsche. To do so, part of a controversy generated by some thinkers who, from the 90's of the twentieth century, began to establish a relationship between the german thinker and the transhumanist movement. Some theorists of this movement have established a fundamental connection between the transhumanist movement and Nietzsche, assuming that this thinker would provide with his philosophy a more robust foundation for ideas fundamental to the movement. Our aim is therefore to determine the validity of such observations, whether they were accurately established or not, through a critique of Nietzsche's attachment to the transhumanist movement from the concept of nihilism, which is fundamental in the philosopher's thinking. In order to achieve this general objective, we start from the elucidation of the concept of nihilism in Nietzsche's work, from the thematization of the concept in its origin and roots in the context of Western culture. After this, we carry out the same course with transhumanist thinking, trying to establish the fundamental characteristics of this current of Western thought, as well as determining the means by which transhumanism seeks to assert itself, spreading in the context of thought and culture of this early 20th century. Still in the second chapter, we seek to establish how the transhumanist thinkers seek to realize this connection between Nietzsche's thought and the doctrine they defend. In a third moment, we seek to defend our hypothesis that transhumanism identifies, according to the nietzschean view, as a kind of nihilism. To this end, we make considerations about the use of science by the german philosopher. First, for Nietzsche, science has a positive role because if functions as a mechanism to free the human being from the ideal of truth as a consolation, typical of metaphysics and the judeo-christian religion. However, in a second moment, science reveals itself as heir to Western nihilism because if adopts the ideal of conservation and promotion of humanity, whether this organic or postorganic “humanity”. Finally, we make use of Nietzsche's concept of the overhuman to establish a confrontation with transhumanist thinking, whose objective is the creation of the post-human, a concept that the adherents of this doctrine compare to the nietzschean overhuman.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic substances and are considered mutagenic and carcinogenic. Among the several analytical techniques developed for the monitoring of these analytes, the chromatography stands out. In this work, voltammetric methods were used for the determination of benzo (a) pyrene, pyrene and fluoranthene HPAs, using the carbon glass electrode (CGE) with and without modification of carbon nanotubes and carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with metal phthalocyanines in acetate buffer (pH 4.0). The electrochemical study showed that these HPAs present only one oxidative process, in different potentials EP(benzo(a)pyrene) ≈ 0.95V, EP(pyrene) ≈ 1.03V and EP(fluoranthene) ≈ 1.35V. Therefore, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of PAHs using surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which facilitated a better interaction between the electrodes and the analyte. Other toxic organic compounds found in foods are biogenic amines (BAs), these compounds are naturally found in humans and many are important for the proper functioning of the body, however, daily consumption of these compounds cause serious toxicological effects, undesirable for health it is found that some may react with other compounds and become carcinogenic. Similar to PAHs, the main technique used is chromatography. In the second part of this work, voltammetric methods were used to determine the ABs (tryptamine, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine and 2phenylethylamine) in GCE and the boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE). However, tryptamine in GCE was the only one that presented an electrochemical response, and a voltammetric methodology was developed to determine this BA in food. Tryptamine presents two oxidative processes EP1 ≈ 0.85V and EP2 ≈ 1.25V, with P1 being the most sensitive and its response was used for the construction of an electroanalytical method using square wave voltammetry (SWV) in acetate buffer showing a linear response range of (4.7 to 54.5) × 10-8 mol L-1, low limit of detection (0.8 × 10-9 mol L-1) and limit of quantification (2.7 × 10-9 mol L-1), the tryptamine content was determined in bananas, tomatoes, gorgonzola) and sausages (chicken sausage and calabresa), obtaining recoveries above 90%. In the BDDE, the BAs presented electrochemical response, at different potentials, resulting in their simultaneous determination in DPV using acetate buffer (pH 5.0), the method was applied satisfactorily in food: banana, tomato and cheese muzzarela, obtaining recoveries above 90 %.

In this work the ion-pair state of HCFC-133a is studied, and it has been characterized for the first time. Its existence arises as a consequence of previous results obtained for the CH3Cl molecule. Such state can be described as a H-bonded ion pair. Among the studied properties one has suggested photochemical pathways leading to its formation, dipole moment, charge-separation, stabilization energy and structure. These properties have been studied at the following multiconfigurational levels: MCSCF, MR-CISD and MR-CISD+Q. Basis set effects have also been taken into account. The obtained results indicate great similarity between the ionic states of HCFC-133a and CH3Cl. However, the stabilization energy of the former is 1,1eV smaller than that of the latter, which can be explained by the large rearrangement of the [CF3CH2]+cation.

In this dissertation are described the general formulation of the problem multiobjective inventory planning and marketing for Islam (2008) for the case of an a single item and developed a direct generalization of the case with a single item for n items. They are introduced the main inventory models proposed in the literature and in particular, the models EOQ (the Econimic Order Quantity) with backordering allowed and multi-item with restrictions so as to present the main features that de?ne the multiobjective problem of inventory planning and marketing for both a single item proposed by Islam (2008) and for the multi-item. The problems with single item and multi-item besides being multiobjetive are also nonlinear in nature and belonging to the class of problems signomials Geometric Programming. It was necessary to describe and to demonstrate some of the main results of class methods to posteriori Multiobjective Optimization, in particular the method of escalarization Weighted Metrics, used to transform the multiobjective problems into mono-objective problems of Geometric Programming signomiais whose solution was obtained with an algorithm developed for the Condensation technique using Gpposy, belonging to GGPLAB toolbox. After the obtainment of the three formulations for general problems scalarized of inventory planning and marketing for an only item and another three for the case multi-item were obtained particular problems from a set of initial data used so much for the problem formulated with an only item as for the problem multi-item so as to obtain, for three di?erent pairs from associates weights to each objective function, nine problems with a single item and nine problems with ?ve items. The local optimal solutions as well as the viability of constraints for each one of the eighteen problems described were obtained in the chapter of Computational Experiments by means of the algorithm of the Condensation using Gpposy. As Geometric Programmin theory only guarantees solutions of local minimum for problems signomials, the results obtained with escalarization Method of Weighted Metrics guarantees that the solutions of local minimum are locally e?cient solutions so much for the problem multiobjetivo initially proposed for a single item in Islam (2008) how much for your direct generalization multi-item developed.

The research present aims do comprehend the role o literature for infirms, trying to shaw a new field of performance to the librarian, purposing this way to demonstrate the possibility of a auxiliary therapy. The work developed in one of the Brazilian social-economically regions less rich, specifically in João Pessoa, the capital of Paraíba, involving mental handicapped mosthey economically lacking and with judicial problems. Taking in consideration the importance of leisure reading, as auxiliar therapy, we will try to put the theme for reflexion showing the need of this library service and examining the ways that can resolve the problem. Considering the total of mental handicapped, for whom, the books are being despised.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological, productive and chemical characteristics of the forage cactus as a function of three harvest frequencies in the rainfed system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three crop frequencies: semiannual, annual and biennial, after the cut of uniformity, which was carried out in January 2017, in the second productive cycle of the cactus tree, cultivated in single rows, for the planting was used the var. Palmepa PB01. The plants were spaced 1.0 m x 0.50 m for cultivation, with a planting density of 20,000 ha-1 plants. In relation to the primary cladodes in the semiannual cuts larger amounts and greater thicknesses were observed. Annual and biennial cuttings showed higher rainfall efficiency, water productivity, forage mass and lower plant mortality ha-¹. For the accumulation of green and dry matter yield, the annual yields presented higher values with 274 and 21.3 tons. ha-¹ respectively. The green and dry forage accumulation rate of annual frequencies presented higher values 13.33 and 1.03 g / kg per day-¹ plant, respectively. The phenotypic correlations between the morphological and productive characteristics vary according to the frequency of harvest, as well as the bromatological composition. The annual harvest frequency provides higher yields, efficiency per area, longevity and water accumulation, which suggests annual harvests of forage cactus.

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is growing more and more due to programmed obsolescence, thus requiring more effective public policies that establish strategies for the management and certification of the final destinations allocated to such waste, as well as standardized statistics. In this context, the research sought to map WEEE residues in a public university hospital, located in the northeast region, administered at the time of study by Company X, with the purpose of analyzing the management of WEEE existing in said hospital, from the application of the questionnaire approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital - CEP/HULW under the number CAAE - 79365917.7.0000.5183, in addition to the cataloging and quantification of waste stored improperly in its premises. Subsequently, due to the lack of publications addressing waste of the medical equipment category and in order to know and analyze the scenario of electromedicals in other public hospitals administered by Company X, a questionnaire was prepared and sent online to the persons in charge of the Clinical Engineering sector of thirty-eight (38) public hospitals, located throughout Brazil. The results showed that the public university hospital of the northeast region has an improvised warehouse containing a total of 503 residues, divided into 5 distinct categories of waste electrical and electronic equipment, with the highest percentage of computers and communication equipment (56,26%), followed by the category of medical equipment (40.16%). It was also analyzed that the obsolescence reports were vague and generalist regarding the disposal procedure of WEEE, just as the index of reuse of the components of these wastes was minimal. Among the 38 sectors of Clinical Engineering contacted, only 15 responded, being observed that the main causes of deactivation of the medical equipment consist of the cost for the repair and the lack of repair parts; there is no standard in the space destined to the storage of unserviceable EEE and the auction is the main form of disposal used, and it is verified that the reality of the other hospitals is similar to that verified in the university hospital under study. In this way, some proposals were presented to improve the management of WEEE in public hospitals managed by Company X, such as: definition of own storage space; modification of administrative procedures from the proposed flowchart; employee training; adoption of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for faster cataloging and accurate reading of assets; implementation of reverse logistics for their WEEE, as provided for in Law 12305/2010; in addition to providing a better control, inspection and certification of their real destinies, especially for the electromedical, which will guarantee environmental, economic, social and public health gains.

Introduction: Aging impacts on the elderly, physically and socially, hence the need to offer actions that encourage and promote healthy routines. In this context, promote health promotion actions in groups of elderly cohabitation conducted by workers, mostly nursing, linked to the Family Health Strategy teams, as the use of games is important and necessary. Objectives: To analyze the effect of educational games for cognitive stimulation of the elderly. To construct a board game with recyclable materials, by the elderly of groups of acquaintances and to analyze the effects of this construction and of the use of the game. Method The study is of the methodological type, carried out through workshops in which the participation of the elderly in the construction of the games could be observed, using recyclable materials, of easy access and low cost, as well as their use. 37 elderly people participated in the study. The collected data were analyzed using the reports from the workshops and consolidated through a spreadsheet applying the Microsoft Excel Program. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, under opinion No. 2,190,153 and CAAE 67103917.6.0000.5188. Results and Discussion: After analyzing the obtained data two articles and a technological product were conceived. The first article deals with an integrative review with the objective of investigating the impact of board games on the cognition of the elderly person. After searching databases, a complete reading of 10 articles was performed, resulting in the selection of two. Evidence from the literature has demonstrated the importance and effects of game use on the cognition of the elderly, and they can be used in everyday life, since it offers subsidies to affirm that stimulating the use of games in leisure activities represents an efficient tool in the which deals with health promotion and active and healthy aging. The second article deals with the construction by the elderly of a board game using recyclable materials and the effects of their use, resulting in stimulation of memory, sensorial stimulation, promotion of learning, and the interaction and fun of the elderly participants of the study. It is also worth noting the importance of the reuse of recyclable materials and of low cost making the proposal replicable in other spaces. Conclusion: Based on a review of the literature and workshops, it was found that this study has reflective implications on the importance and effects of game construction and use, on cognition and on the social interaction of the elderly. The game should be understood as an important tool in the health education process, since information on the prevention, promotion and treatment of diseases of incidence in the Basic Attention level can be used, encouraging the pedagogical ludic practices. In addition, it stimulates new research on this topic of scientific relevance.

Developments in conflict resolution practices appears necessary before the increase in lawsuits, criminal justice that is unleashed on the need to ward off discredited criminal justice. Restorative Justice is presented at this juncture in order to humanize the practice of criminal justice. However, back to attract the involvement of the victim in the search repair, offering you from your interests and taking the offender to build the culture of accountability. This paper aims to clarify the need to build this new justice model, adapting it to the reality of the Court of Execution of Penalties João Pessoa Alternative (VEPA-JP). For this turns the work the perception of the problems and reality stick. Portrays the difficulties to be overcome, and security strategies necessary for the JR is inclusion tool protection and defense of human rights, away from the autotutela and leading the national drive to achieve its inclusive social function, approaching safely victim and offender. Attributed to restrictive penalty law the possibility of its use for building culture of accountability, away from the stigma of impunity, as though that this is judicial execution, society does not recognize it as proportional to criminal redress. At work Restorative justice is seen by innovative perspective of empowering the victim because satifaction is offered by the possibility of the victim to monitor compliance with the penalty or receive it directly in your favor, approaching the offender to know their reality and help him to realize the damage that this has caused and its consequences, blaming it.

The objective of this study was to determine the ideal dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content that provides the maximization of the productive performance and the ingestive behavior of the Santa Inês sheep finished in feedlot. Thirty Santa Inês sheep were used, with an initial live weight of 23 ± 1.5 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design (DIC), with twelve replicates. The diets were composed of tifton 85 hay grass (Cynodon sp.) And concentrate, and treatments were represented by neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels (20, 32, 44, 56 and 68% NDF in DM). The supply of increasing levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the sheep diet altered quadratic (P <0.05) the intake of dry matter (IDM), organic matter (IOM) and crude protein (ICP) expressed in g / day. There was a quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the digestibility of CP and NDF. A quadratic effect was observed for weight gain (WG), daily mean gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE). A linear behavior was observed for time spent in feeding and rumination activities in min / day. However, a decreasing linear behavior was observed for the time spent in the leisure activity min / day as the dietary NDF levels were increased. A linear behavior was observed for the variables in relation to the mericized chews. There was no significant effect on the feed efficiency expressed in g DM/h. however, a quadratic change in feed efficiency expressed in g NDF/h was observed. There was a linear decrease in rumination efficiency, expressed in g DM/h, with the increase in NDF levels. However, the increasing NDF level in the diet influenced linearly the ruminating efficiency DM/h. There was no difference in the observations of the number of periods / day of feeding, rumination and leisure. However, a linear decrease was observed for the time spent per period (in minutes) of idle. For Santa Inês sheep destined for feedlot and fed diets based on tifton 85 hay grass, 27 to 30% of neutral detergent fiber in the dry matter of the feed is recommended.

The scientific and technological advance provided a revolution in several areas, among them is the rehabilitation engineering, which has benefited among other forms with the manufacture of more functional and light prostheses. However, the number of prosthesis rejection by users to upper limbs is high. The main reasons for this low acceptance are directly related to the lack of anthropomorphism, high weight, existence of noise, low agility and high acquisition and maintenance costs. In this context, this work is presented the development of a robotic claw using shape memory alloy springs (LMF). The mechanical structure of the robotic claw consists of two fingers, the indicator with three degrees of freedom and a static thumb in opposable position to perform the clamping movement. The prototype was designed in a virtual CAD environment and made of ABS polymer with anthropomorphic characteristics. For actuation of the claw was designed an actuator with four shape memory alloy springs arranged in parallel physically. The actuator had to undergo a thermomechanical characterization process, to better understand the characteristics such as: current, temperature, displacement, force, deformation and time. To monitor the angles formed in the movement of the prototype a camera was used.

The processes for obtaining the phytase enzymes vary and may be carried out basically in two ways, either by solid-state fermentation (SET) or by submerged fermentation (SF). Both processes present advantages and disadvantages according to the initiation site of phytate dephosphorylation, catalytic mechanism and pH activity. In this sense, there are three types of phytases classified based on the specific position of initial phytate hydrolysis: 3-phytase, 4-phytase or 6-phytase, and 5-phytase. These enzymes may be classified based on their catalytic properties: acidic histidine phosphatases (AHP), β-helix phytases (BHP), purple acid phosphatases (PAP) cysteine phosphatase (CP), and a last classification is made according to the pH, in acids and alkalis enzymes. Phytase acts directly on the phytate molecule releasing phosphorus, however phytase superdosing in feed provides results that go beyond phosphorus availability and can improve overall performance and nutrient utilization efficiency, thus increasing production efficiency for poultry systems. In order to evaluate the action of superdosing phytase, two experiments were carried out on broilers and commercial laying hens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the supplementation of phytase superdosing in diets with reduction of amino acid levels for broilers from 1 to 45 days under the parameters of performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal morphometry and ileal digestibility. We evaluated 1848 male broilers of the COBB 500 strain divided into 12 treatments. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 3x4 factorial scheme (three nutritional matrices with 0, 5 and 10% reduction in digestible methionine, lysine and threonine amino acid levels), and four phytase levels (0, 500, 1500 and 3000 FTU/kg), seven replicates of twenty-two birds per experimental unit. For the ileal digestibility, a separate experiment was set up following the same experimental design, however 252 animals were distributed in 12 treatments, 3 replicates of 7 birds each. After phytase supplementation at 1500FTU/kg, it is possible to reduce by up to 10% the levels of the first three limiting amino acids for broilers from 1 to 45 days without affecting performance of the animals. Phytase superdosing promoted a greater availability of phosphorus and improvement in the digestive tract of birds, increasing the ratio villus: crypt, as well as the villi area. These factors are related to cell proliferation, intestinal health and absorption of nutrients. It is recommended to reduce the Ca and P levels of the diets, valuing the availability of these minerals by the enzyme matrix, and the supplementation of 1500 FTU/kg of bacterial phytase. This superdosing allowed the reduction of up to 10% in the supplementation of the amino acids methionine, lysine and threonine in the diet of broilers. For the experiment with commercial laying hens the objective was to evaluate the exogenous phytase supplementation in an superdosing for light laying hens in the second production cycle. A total of 320 light laying hens of the Hy-line W-36 strain, aged 44 to 64 weeks, were divided into five treatments in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and eight birds each. The diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the birds based on the breeding manual being isoproteic and isoenergetic. To meet the levels of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 FTU/kg, the inert was replaced with doses of the phytase enzyme in the following ratios of zero, 0.100; 0.200; 0.300 and 0.600 kg/ton. The variables analyzed were poultry performance and egg quality, intestinal morphometry and magnum epithelium, glycogen concentration and degree of hepatic steatosis, and number of folds in uterus. Differences were observed between the levels of phytase supplementation with quadratic model adjustment for the variables: egg mass (g), egg mass (g/bird/day), feed conversion (g/g of egg mass), yolk concentration (%), albumen concentration (%), thickness (μm), and bark resistance (kgf), specific gravity and yolk color. The increasing levels of phytase supplementation allowed the improvement of the digestive tract of the birds providing a better relationship villus:crypt. The thickness of the magnum epithelium (μm) was linear, so, in the highest level of phytase supplementation the magnum epithelium was thicker. Phytase superdosing provides greater energetic reserves in the liver and uterus with greater amount of secondary and tertiary folds characterizing a better organ efficiency. The superdosing made it possible for steatosis grade 1 to appear. Therefore, for verifying the beneficial effects of superdosing it is recommended to supplement 1500 FTU/kg of bacterial phytase in corn and soybean meal diets for light laying hens from 44 to 64 weeks of production.

Law, as a field of knowledge production, does not become ready and finished in a norm or judgment of the court, but it is produced in the day to day of social and cultural relations. This is easily discernible when we bring to light the way in which the legal discourse has appropriated the categories of life and person to be able to judge the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality No. 3510, which dealt with the authorization of embryonic stem cell research. The importance of this judgment that occurred in 2008 was to perceive the set of strategies that were created within the discourse from cultural and social elements, to create and delimit social spaces for the application of the category of life and person, as well as other categories that were being put into question, such as abortion, death, DNA, soul and uterus. Therefore, the research problem rests on verifying the social and anthropological dynamics that went through the activation of these categories in the legal discourse and how this allows to see a set of interactions and conflicts that pass through values and serve as the basis for the strengthening of existing social relations or the emergence of new dynamics. In addition, an object that was the in vitro embryo that contained elements of nature and culture was at stake in this case, and assumed a hybrid character that led to the Federal Supreme Court (STF) to create the first public hearing of its history, in order to call the society and mainly researchers so that they could provide necessary elements in order to produce a decision that would put an end to the great question that permeated the judgment: Extraction of embryonic stem cells and the consequent death of the embryo Is In Vitro Abortion Practice? Would the embryo live in vitro? Is the embryo in vitro person? It is in this turbulent scenario that my research is situated. Thus, for the data collection I proceeded with a documentary ethnography based on the survey of all the documents that were part of the trial and extracting. The research brought as one of the results the way in which legal discourse appropriates certain values to deal with situations that are not limited to the scope of nature or culture, besides presenting a form of social gear that strengthens traditional values from a discursive logic of modernity and scientific advance.

LQB 118 is a pterocarpanoquinone, a synthetic hybrid molecule from the union of two bioactive natural molecule groups, pterocarpans and naphthoquinones. LQB 118 biological activity has been reported, including anti-inflammatory properties in allergic lung inflammation model. However, there are no LQB 118 anti-inflammatory properties reports using other inflammation model. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of pterocarpanoquinone LQB 118 in murine peritoneal macrophages in the inflammatory process. Briefly, female Swiss mice was elicited with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of thioglycollate (4%). After four days, peritoneal macrophages were obtained and cultured at the concentration of 2 × 105 cells/well. Cells were treated with LQB 118 (5 μM, 1 μM, 0.5 μM and 0.1 μM) in the presence or absence of the inflammatory stimulus, zymosan (0.2 mg / mL) for 24 h. Then, the supernatants were collected for quantification of the cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6) by ELISA. Cell viability was determined by the MTT method. For action mechanism analysis of the molecule, the macrophages were cultured at the concentration of 1,5 × 106 cells / well and treated as described above. After 24 h, the cells were used for analysis of the expression of molecules involved in inflammation by flow cytometry. For this, the macrophages were incubated with anti-TLR2, antiCD69 and anti-P-p38 antibodies. As expected, zymosan increased inflammatory cytokines evaluated production. On the other hand, LQB 118 treatment was able to significantly reduce levels of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant. Besides that, treatment with LQB 118 was able to reduce CD69 expression, as well as increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation induced by zimosan. In addition, LQB 118 was able to negatively modulate TLR2 expression in the presence of the inflammatory stimulus. The results obtained are independent of cell death, since none of LQB 118 concentrations interfered with macrophages viability. Therefore, this work demonstrated for the first time the anti-inflammatory effect of LQB 118 on murine peritoneal macrophages.

This doctoral thesis, based on critical approaches to feminist and disability movements within the area of Cultural Studies, focuses on the empowerment of mothers of people with disabilities.The bibliographic survey on gender and empowerment of mothers of people with disabilities revealed an insufficient amount of research on the subject in Brazil and, consequently, the social invisibility of this group. An empirical study, based on grounded theory,aimed at assessing the contributions of Pro-Mothers Extension Project (Projeto de Extensão Pró-Mães) in the lives of participants – twenty women-mothers of people with disabilities. The project was designed for this thesis’s research purposes and carried out throughout the year 2015. The goal was to offer a formative process in order to catalyze the development of empowerment processes to counteract the adversities experienced by these women in different social contexts, allowing for the resignification of their experiences as women-mothers of people with disabilities, and for the exercise of empowerment both for their own benefit and for their children. A participant research was carried out based on the following guiding questions: What are the contributions of the Pro-Mothers Extension Project in the participants' lives? In what ways have their lives changed with their participation in the extension project? These questions intertwine with the emerging axes of analysis of the collected data, as suggested by grounded theory, namely, gender relations and care, maternal identity and child with disability, learning and empowerment. Research findings indicate that: (a) systematic encounters with mothers of people with disabilities were critical for them to learn new concepts and perspectives, to share common experiences, to feel welcomed in the group, to build their individual and collective identities; (b) arelationship was evident between the strengthening of their female-mother identity and their empowerment to solve issues in day-today life, as well as to act collectively in political and social spaces, in order to promote and defend their rights as mothers and the rights of their children. This experience was relevant in that it showed that those mothers could move from isolation to social participation whenever they had opportunitiesto access knowledge. Lastly, the project made it clear that it is very important for women-mothers to take ownership of information and disseminate it, thus benefiting other women-mothers of people with disabilities. Hence the need for studies on the subject and the creation and implementation of programs to enable the visibility and participation of this social group. In this regard, this thesis describes and analyses the implementation of such a program, which is, in turn, its main contribution.

Paul Cézanne, one of the greatest modern painters, called by Pablo Picasso of The Great Master, is taken in this work as the fundamental reference of rupture with classic art, science and philosophy. It is intended here to describe how Maurice Merleau-Ponty sees in the work of the French painter a possibility of overcoming a positivist and idealistic philosophy that transforms everything into thought, without taking into account the primordial contact with the world. The idea that Cézanne's painting is taken as a possibility of expression of the gross or savage world is applied here in the sense that, by inhabiting this world and being part of it, the painter does not transform it into thought for painting, does not make a representation of the world on its canvas, but creates a world of its own, a result of the promiscuity between the seer and the visible, which makes possible through this creative act, the experience with Being as presence.

Isatin and its derivatives have been presented in the literature with a broad pharmacological profile. Their Schiff bases, for example, present anticancer, antimicrobial and antiviral activities, so they are extensively explored in the literature. Based on this, this work was carried out with the objective of synthesizing and investigating the biological activity of some thiosemicarbazones derived from isatin. Of the ten thiosemicarbazones synthesized, six are unpublished in the literature and were obtained through the cheiosselective condensation reaction of thiosemicarbazide (9) with the ketonic portion of intermediates derived from isatin. These intermediates were obtained via nitration, chlorination and N-alkylation of the isatin. Six of these derivatives are homodimeric and were obtained in good yields (64-94%). The use of microwave irradiation (100 ° C) considerably reduced the reaction time of thiosemicarbazones compared to the methods described in the literature that make use of reflux and catalysis. The yields obtained were also quite satisfactory and ranged from 70 to 84%. Preliminary evaluation of the activity of thiosemicarbazones obtained and intermediates derived from isatin against strains of yeast bacteria and fungi was carried out. It was observed that thiosemicarbazones did not present antimicrobial biological activity, however, isatin and its nitrated and alil derivatives presented antimicrobial action (MIC = 128 to 512 μg.mL-1). The structural characterization of the compounds was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and 1H and 13C NMR.

Every worker must have the right to a dignified and balanced working environment, as the environment and the work carried out directly intervene in their quality of life. The work environment is a dimension of the environment and has its legal protection ensured by the Federal Constitution of 1988. The Quality of Life at Work (QLW) is directly influenced by the working conditions and the working environment. This present study aimed to evaluate the QLW of the technical-administrative servers crowded in the year 2018 at the center of Biological and Applied Social Sciences, Campus V – João Pessoa, State University of Paraíba, checking the levels of QLW perceived and the priority aspects for the improvement of the work environment. The research, of descriptive and exploratory character, with quantitative analysis of the data collected from the institution’ servers included the application of the questionnaire proposed by Freitas and Souza (2009) to the evaluation of the QLW of the technicaladministrative servers of college institutions. The questionnaire was composed of 46 closed questions, categorized into eight dimensions, and an empty space. Descriptive statistic was performed for the analysis of the data by using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism v. 6 softwares. Of the 52 technical-administrative servers from the Campus V of the State University of Paraíba, 39 accepted to participate in the research and answered the collected data instrument, providing a reliability index of 95% and a sample error of 7.92%. Questionnaire analysis indicated critical points in the working environment of the Institution that, from the perception of the technical-administrative servers, needed interventions. Items considered as critical priorities are related to Dimension D3 – “Safety and health in working conditions”, regarding to the material resources, environmental conditions of work, periodic health examinations, and protection tools in the execution of the work. In the same way, as the Dimension D4 – “ Constitutionalism”, decisions taken that affect the server and the possibility of reviewing them and privacy within the organization were blamed by the servers; in the same way in Dimension 6 – “Fair and adequate compensation”, were highlighted the benefits, bonuses and salary received by the server; In the same way, in Dimension D7 – “Career opportunity and professional guarantee”, promotions based on the competence and productivity of the server, and investment by the HEI in courses for the training and / or continuity of the server studies; and in Dimension D8 – “Social relevance of work”, the participation of the server in social project coordinated by the HEI in the community. These data, properly contextualized by the management of the HEI may subsidize the planning of actions and interventions which will contribute to improving the quality of life of the servers and the work environment and consequently the service provided to the community.