RCAAP Repository

Infant mortality is a health indicator that reveals the quality of life and health services provided to the maternal and child population. Brazil is one of the most unequal societies, a situation also reproduced in infant mortality. Despite the gradual decreasing the rates of infant mortality in Brazil are still high in the Northeast and North regions, especially in population groups of high vulnerability, such as the countryside, forest, and water populations, also known as rural population. Aim: develop a spatial decision support model for the definition of priority levels of public intervention and reduction in infant mortality in the state of Paraíba. Methods: we performed a population-based epidemiological study comprising two phases: an exploratory study of the epidemiological aspects of infant deaths, according to the rural population of Paraiba, and an ecological study. Infant deaths from 2007 to 2016 were used, and 22 health indicators to characterize the municipalities. The spatial decision support model was based on the results from the statistical, spatial and spatial-temporal analyzes of infant deaths and took into account the psychometric approach to define the priority level classification for intervention in municipalities. All mappings are available in a SIGWeb. Results: IBGE typology was the criterion of rurality adopted. The main profile of infant deaths was characterized as male, brown, early neonatal, with low birth weight and gestational age less than 37 weeks. Avoidable death by the Unified Health System (SUS) interventions was the primary death cause defined, and the hospital as the place of death. Postneonatal deaths were more frequent in neighboring rural districts (32%). Infant mortality rate decreased independently of the rural or urban typology. We identified spatial and spatiotemporal conglomerates concentrated in Borborema and Semi-arid (“Sertão”) regions. The decision map showed 44 municipalities in a very high level of priority, from which 81.8% are adjacent rural areas. Final remarks: The Decision Map provides an easily understand result. The decision maps enable to identify the municipalities that should be prioritized by health managers, contributing to the monitoring and evaluation of MI.

The present thesis examines two main works by Carole Pateman: “Participation and Democratic Theory” and “The Sexual Contract”. It demonstrates the relevance of her theses in order to critically analyze contemporary democracy and the continuity of patriarchal structures that allow and naturalize gender inequalities. The discussion of the first work involves the observation of the differences between modern and traditional freedom through Benjamin Constant's view and the consequences for the type of democracy to be adopted in each society. Criticizing the contemporary theorists of democracy, Pateman returned to early authors, who studied the representative government. She points out that they have emphasized the need to encourage popular participation in political decisions, in order to educate people to become full citizens. Nowadays, participatory criticism has lost space to deliberation, which has limited critical potential, for it does not question the system as a whole. The second work reviews the classical foundations of civil society and its patriarchal character. The contractualism that arose to oppose classical patriarchalism – paternal power – adopted it to preserve the domination of men over women. According to Pateman, the classical conception of property in the person, originated in the work of John Locke, is used as a justification for employment and civil subordination. The contract on ownership in the person, both in the marriage contract, as well as in the contract of employment, has the element of preservation of the submission. Pateman’s works propose to criticize the domination and civil subordination through the promotion of the self-determination of the person, both men and women, to be more capable to exercise self-government.

This dissertation intends to analyze the concept of multiculturalism proposed by the Canadian philosopher Charles Taylor in order to highlight the association of authenticity and recognition presented by the author. Charles Taylor is one of the most influential and recognized contemporary political philosophers. He dedicated part of his work to the reflection of the multicultural reality, creating modern ideals of authenticity and recognition, which has as its mark a notorious balance, as well as providing authentic solutions that attacks the political atomism and the instrumental reason. For this, we analyze the concept of multicuturalism proposed by the author, since it is not explicitly presented in his work, but is disseminated in numerous theoretical formulations.

The application of wastewater has great potential in agriculture as it is an alternative source of water and provides nutrients. However, research related to its effects on C and N forms in soil is still incipient. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the application of reuse water on C and N forms in a Planossolo Nátrico. The experiment was carried out in a subdivided plots scheme with repeated measures in time and space, two sampling times (before and after application of wastewater) and two sampling layers (0-15 and 15-30 cm), totalizing four treatments, with four blocks. The wastewater was applied by dripping once a week, at a flow rate of 14 L plant-1. For principal component analysis (PCA), two groups were formed, distinguishing the times of application of waste water and the layers of 0-15 cm 15-30 cm. The following soil chemical attributes were analyzed: total organic carbon (COT), water soluble carbon (CSA), carbon associated with fulvic acid (C-AF), carbon associated with humic acid (C-AH), carbon associated with humina (C-HU), total nitrogen (NT), nitrate (NO3-), ammonium (NH4 +) and alkaline extract (EA) C-AF / COT, C-AH / COT, C-HU / CT and EA / COT. The use of wastewater increased the content of the organic matter in the soil as well as the N-nitric levels in the soil, but the contents of all variables analyzed did not differ in relation to the layers 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm, being an indication of the improvement of the chemical properties of the soil.

Soil is the natural resources the most exploited in the world, mainly due to the current need for food production. However, the use of agricultural practices mistakenly brings the degradation of their properties, especially in rugged areas. Thus the research aimed to evaluate the chemical, physical and mineralogical soil at different positions in the landscape, in soils under the use of Agriculture, Pasture and Forest-native, in Areia-PB, micro-region of Brejo Paraibano. Samples were collected in eighteen (18) points in the areas of agriculture and grazing, and six (6) points in kills native area in three relief positions (Top, middle and bottom) and at three depths (0 -10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) between January and June 2014. The samples were subjected to soil texture analysis, physical and chemical attributes, and analysis of fluorescence X-ray and diffraction X-ray for the characterization of total oxides and mineralogy. The tests were performed at the Physics Laboratory of Department of Soil Soil and Rural Engineering - DSER / UFPB / Campus II, in the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the National Institute for the Semi-Arid – INSA, in the New Materials Technology Laboratory (LTNM) of Development Institute of the State of Paraíba – UFPB and Rapid Solidification Laboratory of Technology Center of the Federal University of Paraíba (Campus I). In the mineralogical composition of the agricultural area of the samples was evidenced the predominance of primary minerals such as quartz, supporting the textural classification of the soil of the area. In the forest area, the mineralogical composition was homogeneous, with the predominance of quartz and kaolinite and goethite occur in all collected points, while the pasture area is composed mainly of quartz, kaolinite and feldspar. In the physical analysis were observed Sandy and clayey-sandy textures in the areas of use of Agriculture, Forest and Pasture, respectively. According to the results of chemical properties, the area of Agriculture presented a greater supply of nutrients, especially the P content in the soil in the Top Third position (101.50 mg dm-3), showing the effect of transport material on the side and not as differing depths (91,53a, 87,38a and 76,23a mg dm-3, respectively). The forest area showed most of the nutrients concentrated in the depth of 0-10 cm and higher acidity among the evaluated areas, but almost no effect on the positions on the slope. The grassland area had higher Ca2+ levels (1,03a cmolc dm-3) and K + (0,23a cmolc dm-3) in the Bottom third position and a greater concentration of P in the Top Third position (43,10a mg dm-3). In the analysis of total oxide content it was observed that P2O5 content of the agricultural area was higher at shallow depths, as well as in the bottom third position (0.45, 0.42 and 0.36%, in their depths). In the forest area there was higher Al2O3 contents when compared with other areas, while the pasture area presented oxide contents near the Agricultural Area results.

Currently, it seems that politicians and people forgot what is riparian forest and its importance, because as alongside rivers, reservoirs and urban lakes in general, we don't find any conserved forests. In rural areas the advancement of agriculture, livestock and other activities contributed to the reduction of the original vegetation on the banks of water bodies, creating an environment of scarcity and insecurity water never seen before. The result of these activities, developed in river basins, is felt directly in rivers and reservoirs. With bare soil or low vegetation, occurs sediment transport through the action of rain, causing siltation and eutrophication of water bodies. The sedimentation is a natural process and very old. However, human activities are accelerating this process through deforestation, inappropriate farming techniques, urbanization. The silting process has brought great harm to water sources, such as increasing the level of riverbeds, disappearance of its sources and decreased storage capacity of reservoirs. This way, it is of paramount importance to the application of methodologies and techniques to quantify precisely the degree of siltation of reservoirs. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a bathymetric survey automated to calculate the degree of silting of the dam de Vaca Brava, located in Areia - PB. The methodology consisted in the use of techniques of positioning satellites (GPS) to perform bathymetry and topography to complement the conventional calculation of the volume, in addition to remote sensing resources for making digital maps of vegetation of the watershed Vaca Brava. The initial project data indicates a volume of 3,699,613.00 m³, which is responsible for supplying dam of three cities, covering a population of approximately 92,000 people. The results bathymetry compared to the initial data showed that there was a decrease in the volume of the reservoir 10.50% at 75 years of operation, corresponding to a rate of 0.14% per annum (the national average is 0.5%). This low value of the rate of siltation leads us to conclude how important is the conservation and preservation of riparian vegetation in the surroundings and especially upstream reservoirs. Thus, the use of geotechnologies proved indispensable in the management of water resources by rapid efficiency and accuracy of data collected and generated.

The use of manure has become an important source of supply of nutrients to plants in family farming. However its unbalanced nutrient contents has led to the incorporation of high doses of some nutrients, exceeding the requirement of the crops, causing nutrient accumulation and leaching to deeper layers, especially in sandy soils. This study aimed to quantify the mobility of phosphorus (P) from four organic sources and one soluble inorganic source, applied in columns 20 and 40 cm long filled with a NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO obtained from a farm area with long history of organic fertilization, and relating it to the sorption characteristics. The samples were collected from the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm layers. After dried and sieved, the samples were characterized according to their mineralogical, chemical and physical properties. We also determined the content of Al and Fe extracted with oxalate as well as the kinetics of adsorption and desorption isotherms. The mobility of P was determined in two experiments: 1) experiment with soil columns of 20 cm and, 2) experiment with soil columns 40 cm long. The soil of 0-10 cm depth received a single rate of organic (cattle manure, swine, goats and laying hens) or inorganic (soluble reagent PA) sources. The amount applied was based on the P contained in 8 Mg ha-1 of cattle manure. The inorganic source was applied reproducing the quantities N, P, K in the manure. After 15 days incubation, the columns were filled with the soil in sequential layers. Every day during 10 days the columns were leached with one-pore volume (PV) of saline solution (CaCl2 0.001 mol L-1) in both experiments. Each PV was divided in three aliquots that were analyzed for P concentration. Once the elution was finished, the columns were divided in 5-cm long cores and the soil analyzed for water (Pw) and Mehlich-1 (Pm) extractable P. Phosphorus drained from the 20-cm long columns, with greater losses from the inorganic source; the different behavior between organic and inorganic sources was related to the initial Pw concentration in the sources. Phosphorus did not drain from the 40 cm long columns, but P leached from the 0-20 cm layer to the 20-40 cm layer, in which we observed the greatest potential for P adsorption.

The hexazinone is a pre-emergent herbicide applied on sugar cane culture, chemical group triazine, rated as quite toxic to humans. When used in large quantities affects the organisms living in the soil because of their bioaccumulation and more persistence, if leachate can cause soil and water contamination. A strategy to prevent the risk of contamination, or an alternative for the remediation of contaminated areas is the TiO2-P25 photocatalyst application, which accelerates pollutant degradation process and intermediates in less toxic products or until full mineralization. To evaluate the photocatalytic degradation of hexazinone under UV light were selected two representative soils of the micro-region of Brejo Paraibano in Northest Brazil, from the Areia and Alagoa Nova cities. These soils were rated according to the requirements of the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS) by physical (particle size, density and porosity), chemical (fertility and exchange complex; fractionation of organic matter, and elemental composition by XRF) and mineralogical (determination and quantification of crystalline phases by XRD) analyzes that also served to support evaluation of catalytic photodegradation experiments. Classified as Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo Distrófico úmbrico, textura argilosa, A proeminente, epi-e endoalítico e epi-endodistrófica, Tm e Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico típico, textura argilosa, B latossólico, epi-e endoalítico, epi-endodistrófica, Tmoa; these showed good physical characteristics and low fertility, with OM above the common and consistent with an forest area. Quartz, kaolinite, muscovite, feldspar-K and Na, muscovite, hematite and gibbsite minerals were predominant, with illite and goethite only in Latossolo. The photocatalytic degradation of hexazinone was differently influenced by OM and clays naturally occurring, with pronounced effect of TiO2 at 2%.

Forage production in pasture from the Agreste Paraiba is limited due to the low level from the pasture management, absence of fertilization and of intercropping with leguminous. Besides, the little control from weigh animal cause compaction who associated with landform, favors erosion and it displacement from the nutrients. order to study only the effect of fertility on productivity, soil samples were collected (0-15 cm) in three positions (shoulder, backslope and footslope) of two hillside under distinctly managed grassland (managed and unmanaged). Samples of one Red-Yellow alfisol eutrophic were used in an experiment in pots, in protected environment under factorial combination, fertilized with phosphorus (P) (25 kg ha-1 of P), nitrogen (N) (50 kg ha-1 of N), P x N combined (25 kg and 50 kg ha-1 of P and N, respectively) and the control (P0 N0). Each experimental units were the pots, containing 6 kg of soil and four plants from grass Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk. To the 60 days after emergence, grass was cut to uniformizacion of growth, quantification of dry matter and determination of N and P content. Thereafter, of 40 in 40 days, was made cutting the grass to determination dry matter production of forage and content of N and P. The treatment means were compared by the Tukey test (p<0.05), by statistical models suitable to each condition evaluated. The highest productions and P contents in dry matter were obtained in the combined fertilization between P and N, in all landform positions and pasture management, in the first cut and accumulated in the cuts. The accumulated production was higher in the soil withdrawn from the backslope managed that of unmanaged, the contrary was observed for the production accumulated in the footslope. There was influence of the in landform position and of fertilization under distinct managements of grassland, along the evaluation cuts. Fertilization with N and P in hillside under distinctly managed grassland depends of the position in the hillside. The backslope, replied more to the fertilization with P, while in the footslope the answer is greatest to the N.

Anchored in Applied Linguistics, this study investigates the identity (re) construction of a beginning teacher who is in her first years of teaching, leaving the academy as an intern and entering in basic education as a regular teacher. For developing this study, some theoretical contributions are fundamental: Huberman (1995), Garcia (1999) and Tardif ([2002] 2014) discuss about the first years of teaching; Pimenta and Lima (2009), Barreiro and Gebran (2009) and Pimenta (2011) emphasize the supervised internship and the "reality shock" experienced by the teacher at the beginning of a teaching career; Hall ([1992] 2014) considers the identity in a postmodern approach as volatile, multi-faceted and gradually built up, according to each situation; Bronckart (1999), Bronckart & Machado (2004) and Machado & Bronckart (2009) discuss about the Sociodiscursive Interacionism (SDI) and the influences of Labour Sciences; and Machado et. al. (2009), Amigues (2004) and Clot (1999, 2010) report about the teacher‟s act, conflicts and constraints experienced in the workplace. Based on these contributions, we have carried out a case study (André, 1995) for four consecutive semesters with one participant, a beginning teacher who produced two reflective reports (R01 and R02) and participated in a simple Self-Confrontation session (ACS), in which she reflects on her represented or interpreted work (MACHADO, 2007), rebuilds her actions, both at the individual and collective levels. This reconstruction takes place from the moment that she is as an intern, trying to manage a high school class, until she takes over this and other classes as a regular teacher. The results reveal a difficulty that is beyond the need for subject matter‟s domain, but that points to the conflicts established with herself, with the object - the teaching of Portuguese language - and especially with others - the students. These conflicts are identified through modalization and person deictics, progressively evident in the constituent objects of the teaching activity in the early years of their professional activities. Therefore, the identity of this teacher is configured as: in 2012.1, a follower of prescriptions, previously defined in the academy, with her guiding teacher; in 2012.2, an advocate of métier rules? (for instance, filling the class diary) to try to impose herself in the classroom as a professional; lastly, in 2013.2, a grieving, disrespected teacher, without any support to contain the established indiscipline and student‟s disinterest in the subjects.

In arid and semi-arid areas, water scarcity is a limiting factor for agricultural production. The reuse of wastewater in agriculture can be a viable alternative, taking into account safety criteria such as quality and quantity of effluent and its effects on the chemical properties of soils. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the chemical characteristics of Planosolo Nátrico submitted to irrigation with wastewater (AR). The study was conducted in the experimental area of water reuse for forestry purposes of the Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA) in factorial 2 x 2, four treatments evaluated in two application periods, before the implementation of the experiment and after 17 months of application . Soil samples were collected in the irrigation line in two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm), drip irrigated with wastewater (14 L day-1), with a row for each planting. There was no significant difference for pH, Na+, K+, sum of bases (SB), base saturation (V), effective CTC and CEC. There was a significant change to the content of soil organic matter, P, N, Ca+2, Mg+2, H + Al and Ca: Mg ratio. The application of wastewater can be a viable alternative for improvement of some chemical parameters and soil fertility in arid and semi-arid areas, but should have monitoring of water quality and soil quality.

Linguistic studies have demonstrated a knowledge interface with other areas, for example, Speech Therapy. Regarding the acquisition and development of oral and written language, both fields demonstrate interest in researching and analyzing aspects such as the typical and pathological patterns that exert influence in the language in general, as in cases related to deafness. The Cochlear Implant aims to increase the physiological perception of sounds and can be used by people with deafness with severe-deep hearing loss. According to (BELLOTTI, 2014; CRUZ, 2016), the written language acquisition of these children occurs through oral language or sign language and, moreover, the period of hearing deprivation plays a primordial role in relation to the language collection in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). In this way, this study was designed to analyze the appropriation of the written language system of a deaf child with cochlear implant, from the point of view of literacy, from a perspective of language as a multimodal instance. During the structuring of the thesis, the following theoretical bases were consulted Mcneill (2000), Cavalcante (1994, 1999, 2010), Brandão (2012), Faria (2011), Ávilla-nobrega (2015), Soares (2018) as a contribution to our understanding of multimodality language Morais (2012), Sciliar-Cabral (1999), Queiroz (2008), Dionísio (2011) to discuss issues related to literacy and multimodality. As a data collection procedure, the speech-language pathology sessions were filmed during weekly consultations, in a clinic in the city of João Pessoa, from the moment the Informed Consent was signed by the responsible person. The research had the participation of a child with congenital deafness of the female, having been implanted at the age of 4 years, and who had 09 years and 06 months at the beginning of the collection. For the analysis of the data, the ELAN software was used in order to qualitatively describe the linguistic relations constructed from phonoaudiological intervention. The results of the research indicate that phonoaudiological intervention, based on the premise of multimodality, where gesture and speech co-operate in the child’s linguistic development together with literacy practices to acquire the written code, favored the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) written by the child using a cochlear implant, since it was possible to verify a development of reading and an increase in writing productions. In addition, we observed movements that represented the writing in the air during the literacy sessions, at the moment when the implanted reflected on the writing of words about which still had no mastery. Therefore, the study found that only the activation of C.I. and the exposure to oral language are insufficient to acquire written Brazilian Portuguese (BP), as it is necessary to expose the alphabetical writing system associated with a planning of activities that develop predictive skills for reading.

The general objective is to analyze the performance of the Psychology professionals of the Court of Childhood and Youth in the policy of adoption. The specific objectives are: to identify the actions attributed to these professionals by the norms of the policy of adoption; to map their biological, social and demographic characteristics; to characterize their academic formation; to understand their conceptions of social policy; and to analyze the meanings attributed by them to their action in the policy of adoption. It adopts as theoretical reference the Critical Perspective and Historical-Cultural Psychology, using the categories social policy and meaning. The field work was done through documentary analysis of normative of the adoption policy, semi-structured interview with professionals of Psychology of public institutions linked to the Justice of the Childhood and Youth and questionnaire of biological, social and demographic information. The data of the documentary analysis and the interview were analyzed by the Content Thematic Analysis and the information of the questionnaire was submitted to the descriptive analysis. The results indicated the actions attributed by the norms of the adoption policy require practices of technical and individual character. The biological, social and demographic characteristics of the participants reveal a predominance of women, who declare themselves to be brown. The academic formation, despite being considered scarce and restricted, being complemented by the work experience, contributes to the performance. The social policy conceptions refer to the role of the State and the government action in the implementation of public policies. The meanings attributed to the action in the policy of adoption relate to objective and palpable elements, pertinent to the function of legal analyst.

The use of remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques for the purposes of environmental analysis, with the new methodologies to be applied, has been conceived as a frequent practice among the research areas, contributing to the expressive mode for rapid, reliable and Analyzes that involve the Processes and have become fundamental pieces for the characterization of a region. The research was developed with the methodological support of cartographic products, whose objective is to study a morphometry and analyze a temporal evolution of soil use in the Farinha river hydrographic basin, using the remote sensing technique, constituting an important stage Within the geomorphological study, can explain the processes and dynamics of the area. The characteristics of the Farinha River Basin were extracted from the thematic maps generated and satellite images obtained from the Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OIT satellites, resulting in indices that relate the data obtained and the price of soil cover in the period 1994 and 2015 .The results show that the Basin has a shorter concentration of precipitated water and is not subject to flooding due to its shape, which favors flow, portrayed by the compaction coefficient of 2.03 and a form factor of 0, 24. It was useful to analyze the evolution of the degradation process, being able to estimate a loss of 21% of the dense vegetation over 21 years, confirmed by the current situation, through the classification of the images.

The present dissertation has as object of study the intersectoral action of Local Protection Network in the municipality of Cajazeiras-PB in the completion of the comprehensive protection of children and adolescents. We seek in our general objective analyze the limits and possibilities of the intersectoral action in the process of ensuring the protection of human rights of children and adolescents in the safety net of the said municipality. This is an exploratory research, bibliographic and documentary with a qualitative approach. The construction of this study as a starting point to reflect on the conceptions of childhood and adolescence in Western society over the centuries. Then we approached the course history of brazilian social policy partner, protection policy and legislation directed to children and adolescents. In addition, we reflect on the emergence of neoliberal policies in Brazil with emphasis on your development from the Decade of 1990 and the consequences for public social policies directed to children and adolescents. Later, discussed the preparation of the Statute of the child and adolescent, the guarantee of rights and the formation of the network of Integral Protection, exposing the contribution of Social assistance policy on network formation and importance of intersectoral approach as a strategy for your joint. Finally, we discuss the results of the analyses of the data of the survey unveiling some challenges encountered in the daily exercise of professional work involving intersectoral actions along the safety net. Conclusively showed the obstacles to the implementation of intersectoral actions, especially when it refers the fragility of how run the calls that require joint actions and articulated with other institutions, the extensive burocratizações services and the need for training for all professionals who are part of the SGDCA and forming part of this safety net in the municipality de Cajazeiras-PB. Such obstacles constitute a problem of current situation of contrarreformas and precariousness of social policies, which the State operates by reducing the financial resources that allow the proper execution of the services that meet children, adolescents and their families, undermining the effectiveness of the rights that protect the population of children and youth.

This research analyzes new social and productive dynamics at production of renaissance lace in Cariri of Paraíba, Brazil, engendered by tension and dialogue between, on the one hand, the intervention of public and private agents in the activity and, on the other hand, the perception, incorporation and re-elaboration of recent devices by the artisans, in a dialogical interaction in transformation. The intention is to unveil how a local handicraft, traditionally produced in domestic environment, socially constructed from community relations and aimed at supplying the economic needs of poor families in Cariri of Paraíba, was converted into an extraordinary product, element of social distinction and object of desire and consumption in the Brazilian haute couture market. The production of this thesis is based on the understanding of artisanal economic activity as a social construction and its transformation from the rupture with the traditional social organization and introduction of logics even disconnected from the local context, such as competitiveness, entrepreneurship, innovation and linkage of artisanal production and new consumer markets (Karl Polanyi). When “discovered”, renaissance lace became part of government public policies implemented by Sebrae, projects of non-governmental organizations and dialogues and contracts established with designers and fashion brands, mediated by associations and cooperatives. These external influences promoted symbolic transubstantiation, producing the belief renaissance as a mark of social distinction (Pierre Bourdieu). In the dynamic social construction that produced multiple interactions, external agents and artisans were mutually re-signified, but the process that transformed the reality of women and promoted the valorization of the product “Renascença Paraíba” did not guarantee the same increase to the socioeconomic condition of the artisans.

Soils have naturally variability in their intrinsic aspects, these variations are very importance in survey studies, physical characterization and experimental design of agricultural areas. Thus, this study aimed to assess the degree of spatial variability of soil compaction on a grassland toposequence using an automated penetrometer. The study was conducted in a slope with an area of approximately 2.0 ha, located in the watershed Vaca Brava, Areia-PB, in Red Yellow Argisol.. For the geostatistical analysis of the penetrometer readings (PR), the soil was sampled in a grid with regular mesh at intervals of 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 m in the same line between the sampling points, totaling 108 points to a depth of 30 cm. Results werestratified in layers of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm. The spatial variability, was analyzed using geostatisticas, and kriging interpolation of the data for map construction. The PR showed spatial dependence for all positions and depths that were related to variations in relief positions. The 0-10 and 21-30 cm layers were adjusted to a spherical model with indications of moderate spatial dependence. The 11-20 cm layer was adjusted to the exponential model with a weak degree of spatial dependence. The higher ranges for PR were observed for the 0-10 and 21-30 cm layers, as in the layer of 11-20 cm gave the lowest value for the range showing greater variability and lower spatial continuity. The highest values for the PR soil were found in the shoulder (upper) segment of the slope at all depths, identifying a compacted zonein the superficial layer. There was an increase in the penetration resistance with depth in all positions of the slope in the subsurface layer between 0-10 cm and 11-20 cm.. In the 21-30 cm layer there was greater continuity of lower penetrometer readings mainly in the mid-slope and lower slope segments.

It known the beneficial effect of organic fertilization on crop productivity, constituting a practice that can help to improve the quality of seeds and minimize the harmful effects caused by water deficiency, which is common in semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of organic fertilization with manure and water stress, the physiological performance of the varieties of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cáqui, Maranhão e MNA 902. The seeds were produced in protected cultivation in pots containing eight pounds of soil, 0-20cm layer, collected in the Piancó Valley region. We tested four doses of cattle manure (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) in the presence and absence of water stress (60 and 80% of the pot capacity respectively) in a randomized block design in a factorial 3 x 4 x 2 (varieties, manure and water stress), with four blocks. postharvest, the seeds were sent to the Laboratory of Organic Matter DSER / CCA / UFPB to determine productivity. With four months of storage were determined moisture content, weight of 1000 seeds and physiological conditions by germination, first count, IVG, a field emergence, seedling dry weight, electrical conductivity and potassium leaching. experimental design in randomized blocks for emergency test the field and completely randomized for the other tests. The variables that were significant by F test were studied by regression analysis. Red rice seeds showed a germination percentage ranging 98-100%, these results, above the minimum average required for marketing of rice seeds in the main producing states. Drought stress decreased the weight of 1000 seeds and seedling dry weight and therefore increased electrical conductivity and potassium leaching seeds of the variety MNA 902, resulting in loss of physiological quality. The highest yield of red rice seeds can be obtained with manure doses higher than 12 t ha-1. The presence of manure improved the physiological quality of seeds of the variety Cáqui and therefore it is recommended to use this input to improve the production and seed quality.

Reducing the soil quality through inadequate soil management can accelerate its degradation and the depletion of natural resources in the agroecosystem with negative impacts on agricultural yield. Here we studied the socioeconomic diagnosis of the banana crop systems (Musa spp. L.) and, we evaluated its influence on soil physical and chemical attributes under field conditions. So, to achieve these two objectives we used the following approaches: (i) We applied a semi-structured questionnaire for the socioeconomic diagnosis of banana crop systems. Twenty farmers were interviewed in 5 countryside communities from 2 different regions (N = 150) and this database was evaluated through descriptive analysis. (ii) We collected soil samples from 2 layers (0-20 and 20-40 cm) and 3 slope hill positions (summit, backslope and toeslope) in the banana crop systems. For comparison purposes, soil samples were also collected in areas with native vegetation under the Atlantic Forest domain. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and the means were compared by the Tukey post-hoc test at 5% probability. Based on the results obtained in our socioeconomic diagnosis, we observed that all studied areas can be classified as family-based production system. Among the agricultural activities practiced within these areas, we found that the banana crop system was the main source of income. The low banana yield of the study areas could be related to: (1) the low level of technology employed; (2) inadequate or non-existent management of weeds, pests and diseases; and (3) inadequate soil management. For the effects of banana crop systems on physical and chemical attributes, bulk density and clay content increased as a function of the layers and slope positions. Among the studied areas, no significant differences were observed in the surface layer for the sand content, soil macro and microporosity, and available water. Regarding slope positions of the relief, it was observed that in the toeslope there was an increase in sand content, total porosity and available water, and a reduction of clay content. In the areas under banana crop systems, we observed an increase of CTCef, CTCpH7 and sum of bases, despite the low values of K+, Ca+2, Na+ and base saturation. There was a tendency of pH increase and reduction of H++ Al3+, Al3+ and aluminium saturation from top to bottom in the areas under forest. In the soil surface layer there was an increase in pH, x Ca and organic carbon. Banana crop systems influenced the physical attributes, which favoured soil water retention.

Aiming to evaluate the production of phytomass of the air parts and roots submitted to different cutting time, and its posterior use in animal feeding in drought critical periods, it has been used the cassava varieties commonly exploited in the region, being them: “ Olho de urubu”, “Branca”, “Baia preta”, and “Rosinha”. The test has been conducted at the Experimental Station of the State Company of Agricultural Research from Paraíba State, in Alagoinha city - PB, micro-region from Guarabira city, with 140 m height. The soil in the experimental area has been classified as CHROMIC LUVISOIL Palic abrupt. The experimental area was composed by three complete randomized blocks, in factorial scheme 4 x 4 (characterized by four cutting times and four varieties). The cutting times have been represented by: 1) cassava without cutting the air part (witness); 2) cassava submitted to cutting the air part in September; 3) cassava submitted to cutting the air part in October and 4) cassava submitted to cutting the air part in November. From the achieved results, it has been verified that the cuts which were performed in different months and the one which was performed in the end of the harvest did not affect the phytomass production of the air part, being all tropical varieties to produce roots and fodder. The treatments did not interfere in the roots production. The varieties “bravas” have been considered as the best producers, both in the production of fresh and dry phytomass of the air part, in the roots production and roots dry phytomass.