RCAAP Repository

The okra is a vegetable that has been gaining expression in the Northeast region, but the information on irrigation management and organic fertilization is still infrequent in the literature, therefore, research in this sense must be developed. In this direction an experiment was developed to evaluate the productive performance of the okra and the chemical attributes of the soil as a function of irrigation slides and soil organic matter, was developed in the field in a Neossolo Flúvico with the cultivar santa cruz 47. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, with 100 % and 50 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) irrigation and five doses of bovine manure to raise soil organic matter content from 18 to 28, 38, 48 and 58 g dm-3 in the productive cycles of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. The variables studied were the components of soil fertility, contents foliar macronutrients and okra components. Irrigation with the 100 % ETc blade increased soil fertility when compared to the 50 % ETc blade. The soil organic matter increased the fertility potential expressed by OM, P, K, Ca, Mg, S resulting in increased cation exchange capacity, foliar contents of P, K and Mg and in the components of okra production. Greater productivity was obtained with 48 g dm-3 of bovine manure. It is recommended the application of OMS through bovine manure, at the dose of 48 g dm-3.

The cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum oficcinarum L.) is one of the main activities of the primary sector in the northeast of Brazil. This crop always received high advances in technology, thus the harvesting way changed, being realized in the mechanized way. Despite the benefits of the mechanized harvesting, an intense trafficability of the sugarcane harvesters, can cause compaction by eminently changing the physical properties of the soil. The controlled traffic is being used increasingly as a way to mitigate the negative effects resulted from trafficability. Based on that, the objectives of the present study were: I) evaluate the spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to penetration in areas cultivated with sugarcane under different times of mechanized cuttingss with controlled traffic; II) evaluate the quality of physical properties of the soil in the first and third cuttings cultivated with sugarcane under mechanized harvesting with controlled traffic. The experiment was carried out at the Santa Emília II Farm, belonging to the Miriri Alimentos and Bioenergia S/A mill, located in the municipality of Rio Tinto (PB). Two commercial areas of sugarcane were selected, respectly, first (PC) and third (TC) mechanized cuttings under controlled traffic in a Alfisil. The samples collection were taken in plots of 100 x 100 m, under a sampling grid of 20 x 20 m, contemplating wheel tracks and planting row, each crossing point of the sampling grid were georeferenced, and measured the mechanical resistance to penetration with the aid of an impact penetrometer at the layer of 0-0.6 meter, the deformed and undisturbed sample collection was performed at the layers of 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 meters for analysis of the following variables: Texture, Dispersed clay in water , degree of flocculation,bulky bulk density, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water. The resistance data were submitted to geostatistical analysis with generation of semivariograms and maps of isolines, the remaining variables were performed in a complete randomized scheme and were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p <0.05). The mechanical resistance of the soil to the penetration presented a high and very high spatial dependence in both, the wheel tracks and planting row, were observed spherical, exponential and Gaussian models, besides the presence of pure nugget effect. The highest values of resistance to penetration were observed between the planting row, more specifically in the third cutting area, a result that was expected, given the high intensity of traffic. Higher ranges were observed in the third cutting area, with a decrease in the depth. The data of texture, dispersed clay and flocculation degree were not, in their total, altered with the time of harvest, as data seen, without significant difference for the position and collected areas. The bulk density presented higher values in the wheel tracks position, with increase of the area from the first to the third cut, in contrast, the macroporosity had a decrease. The other variables did not present significant difference. Controlled traffic was efficient in mitigating negative effects in the planting row, avoiding the increase of resistance to penetration and negative changes in the quality of physical properties.

An inherent characteristic of soils is its heterogeneity; however, plantings, especially the mechanized ones such as perfomed in the sugarcane crop, tend to cause changes that increase even more the variability in the physical attributes of the soil. Based on that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of the resistance to penetration in soil under sugarcane cultivation in the microregion of the northern coast of Paraíba. The study was performed in areas of sugarcane production belonging to the Miriri and Bioenergia S/A industries. Two areas are located in Fazenda Santa Emília II, municipality of Rio Tinto and the third is part of the Fazenda Maria da Luz I, located among the municipalities of Capim, Santa Rita and Sapé, in the state of Paraíba. In order of soil, three areas with different usage conditions were selected: I. Manual harvesting - Second Cut (CMA); II. Mechanized harvesting - second cut (CME) and III. Manual and mechanized harvesting (CMM). In each area of study, georeferenced samples were collected in the lines and between the lines of planting, following a regular sample mesh of 20 x 20 m. The samples were analyzed at the Laboratório de Física do Solo, of the Departamento de Solo e Engenharia Rural (DSER), belonging to the Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Descriptive statistics and geostatistics were used to analyze the data. The mean was not sufficient to represent the spatial distribution of the analyzed areas; The sampling soil mesh was adequate, within the limits of the study, since it allowed the capture of the spatial dependence in practically all the studied conditions. The CMA area presented the highest penetration resistance (RP) values among the three areas. The CME and CMM areas followed a similar pattern, presenting low RP in the superficial layers and with increasing values at the greater depths. Differently from CMA, the CME and CMM presented a higher mean of RP values in the inter-rows, which can be explained by the fact that it is the part that is mostly affected by the compaction imposed by the intensive traffic of the machines.

The shallow lakes are susceptible to multiple impacts ecosystems, including eutrophication, often artificial, linked to population and industrial growth disorderly. The work has as i) objectives to characterize the relationship of land use and land cover with the clear waters of states and turbid in two lakes in Mamanguape Basin and ii) evaluate the effects (direct and indirect) of the abiotic variables on percentage of infestation of weeds (PVI) and biomass of phytoplankton in lakes bread and Saint Lucia. Monthly collections were carried out between January and June 2015, the biotic and abiotic variables in three sampling points in each lake. The use and land cover were determined by satellite images and visual interpretation technique. To assess the direct and indirect effects of biotic and abiotic variables in Saint Lucia and bread, we use a path analysis, partial least squares model (PLS-PM). The PAO lake remained eutrophic and low transparency as opposed to Saint Lucia, oligotrophic and clear water throughout the period. The advanced state pao eutrophication is associated with high contribution of diffuse sources of sewage, with 37.63% of its marginal area classified as urban / built, different from Lake St Lucia, in which this class occupies only 2.43%. The lakes have different alternative states, Saint Lucia with clear water and the presence of submersed aquatic and bread with turbid waters and the presence of cyanobacteria. The model presented in Saint Lucia, as the most direct influence variable in PVI and biomass of phytoplankton total phosphorus in the water followed by the total sediment phosphorus. In PAO highlight the direct effect of total phosphorus in the water phytoplankton biomass, followed by the effect of precipitation and wind speed on the photic zone and total phosphorus in the sediment, corroborating the results found, where there is more phosphorus available in the water column (181.83 μg.L-1) in the sediment (39,47 μg.g-1). These models are the generation of new hypotheses about the environments. Conservation measures and quality management are needed to preserve water resources.

For green manure meets the demand for nutrients, the consortium culture, there is the need for the decomposition and release of nutrients from plant residues added to the soil occur in synchronism with the nutrient absorption curve of commercial interest culture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of difficult to decompose materials and study the effect of N and P, and the influence of the action of specific microorganisms on the rate of decomposition of recalcitrant material. Six treatments plus the control were tested: T1: Witness (phytomass without inoculants and without the application and NP); T2: phytomass with inoculant Compost-Aid® + Soil Set®; T3: Inoculum EM-1; T4: Compost-Aid®; T5: Nitrogen Application (ammonium nitrate); T6: Match application (phosphate Monopotassium - MKP); and T7: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application. All applications were made after 45 days of decomposition of the material in the field. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Each experimental unit consisted of 2.8 x 0.7 x 0.8 m, containing 16 plants vines. The legume was sown by hand and in full bloom, approximately 90 days after plant emergence, were cut to 5 cm above the soil surface. Was removed from a sub-sample of biomass determining the fresh weight and shoot dry, chemical composition and the content and accumulation of nutrients. Since its biomass deposited on the vine planting line, where they were later put the bags of decomposition. To evaluate the decomposition and release of nutrients in situ, after cutting, 600 g samples of shoot residues were packed in 0.3 x 0.3 m nylon bags and disposed on the ground surface in the line of vine. In seven times (0, 8, 30, 45, 60, 60 and 75), which were taken from each bag 20 g of residue, which were dried in an oven at 65 ° C, where it was determined the amount of dry matter and the contents C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, polyphenols, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose remaining. The conditions under which the work was carried out it is concluded that: The application of probiotics favored the decomposition of recalcitrant material Canavalia ensiformis; Among the products tested the Compost-Aid® + Soil Set®, proved to be more efficient in the decomposition of recalcitrant material Canavalia ensiformis; The relationship lignin / nitrogen showed an increase due to the decomposition stage of biomass, which may have inhibited the effectiveness of organisms in the degradation of plant material and this suggests that the most highest lignin / nitrogen at the end of the experimental range is related to not 100% decomposition of the deposited biomass; The time has influenced the decomposition of recalcitrant material, as the mineralization of nutrients macronutrients of assessed biomass.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, mass production, foliar contents and relative absorption rate of N, P and K in Moringa oleifera Lam. Fertilized with four doses of chicken bed (0.0, 40.0, 80.0 and 120.0 g dm-3) and two particle sizes (1 and 4 mm). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The experimental unit consisted of four seedlings, produced in polystyrene bags with a capacity of 5 dm-3. For growth analysis, height, leaf number, stem and root diameter, and fresh and dry matter mass and Dickson quality index were evaluated every 30 days, up to 120 days, with a total of four evaluations. The contents and rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption were evaluated at 60 and 120 days of experiment. Root diameter decreases with increasing doses of chicken litter; the aerial and root dry matter masses increased with increasing doses of chicken litter. There was a linear increase in the Dickson quality index as a function of days after emergence and of chicken bed doses, reaching a maximum value of 3.0, with 120 g dm-3 of chicken litter. The 1 mm granulometry provided higher decreases in the relative rate of nitrogen absorption. The relative rate of potassium uptake increased by 50.6% with the increase in chicken litter doses, while there was a decrease in phosphorus levels due to the increase of chicken bed doses with a diameter of 1 and 4 mm. There was an increase in nitrogen and potassium leaf contents due to the increase of chicken bed doses. It is recommended the dose of 120 g dm-3 to obtain the highest contents and rate of absorption.

Brazil is considered the fifth highest producer of tangerines in the world. However, its production has been decreasing due to the attack of diseases, especially the brown spot of alternaria, which has as its causal agent the Alternaria alternata (Fr: Fr) Keissler f. sp. Citri that causes serious economic problems in the culture. In the management of, alternative products are used as the essential oils. This work aimed to determine the effect of different essential oils on A. alternata f. sp. Citri in vitro, in 'Dancy' tangerine (Citrus tangerina Hort. ex Tanaka). The experiments were carried out at the Phytopathology, Biology and Post-Harvest Technology Labs and in a greenhouse at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias, UFPB. Two experiments were carried out: In the first experiment three isolates of A. alternata f. sp. citri (Massaranduba-Paraíba, Pratânia-São Paulo e Trás dos Montes-Portugal) were used. To verify the effect of the treatments on the isolates cultivated in vitro, the essential oils of grape seeds, sunflower, eucalyptus, ginger, copaiba, mint, fennel, citronella, cloves and flax seeds were added at a concentration of 1% diluted in BDA media culture with pH 6.0.In the plates center were putted a 5 mm diameter disk of the fungus colony for the in vitro experiment. The fruits were treated with the same essential oils used in vitro experiment, diluted in sterile distilled water and additional controls composed by Thiabendazole (400 mL / 100L) and ADE (untreated), immersed in the treatments for 5 min. The fruits were sprayed with the spore suspension at the concentration of 105 conidia / mL of A. alternata f. sp. citri. Mycelial growth rate index, colony diameter (for seven days), conidia and conidial size (in vitro) were evaluated; severity of disease in fruits (by scale of specific note) in vivo. The physical-chemical analyzes were composed by total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity, pH, firmness, juice yield, ascorbic acid, totaling five evaluations and loss of mass and, enzymatic activity (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and phenylalanine ammonium lyase) in 'Dancy' tangerine fruits. The design was completely randomized with 12 treatments, consisting of four replicates of three plates (in vitro) and four replicates of three fruits (in vivo). According to the results, the essential oils of mint, eucalyptus, fennel and citronella were efficient in the in vitro control of the pathogen, totally inhibiting the fungus colonies growth. Eucalyptus oil was efficient in the management of A. alternata f. sp. citri in 'Dancy' in tangerine fruits compared withother treatments. The essential oils did not interfere on post-harvest quality of 'Dancy' tangerine. The enzymatic activity in fruits increased in the second evaluation period. In the second experiment, two isolates of A. alternata f. sp. Citri (Massaranduba-PB and Pratânia-SP). Tangerine 'Dancy' seedlings were treated with essential oils of ginger, copaiba, mint, fennel and citronella at a concentration of 1% added Tween 80 and ADE, fungicideTiabendazole (400 mL / 100L) and ADE (untreated), sprayed to the point of drainage. For pathogen inoculation, the suspension was adjusted to 105 conidia/mL sprinkled to the point of drainage. The parameters evaluated were disease severity and gas exchange in 'Dancy' mandarin seedlings. Disease severity and gas exchange data were analyzed in a viii completely randomized design, consisting of seven treatments and four replicates of two plants. The results showed that the essential oil of fennel was efficient in the management of A. alternata f. sp. citri in 'Dancy' tangerine seedlings and the essential oils of citronella, copaiba and ginger do not negatively affect the gas exchange on seedlings.

Erythrina velutina Willd. (Fabaceae), is a native Caatinga species and has its establishment hampered by the occurrence of integument dormancy in the seeds. Thus, as the main form of propagation is sexually, which makes it essential to know the physical, physiological and anatomical aspects of its seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of environmental variation in different regions of Paraíba on the biometry, germination and anatomy of the seed coat of E. velutina. The seeds were collected in 19 parent plants located in 10 municipalities of Paraíba: Juru, Sumé, Araçagi, Guarabira, São João do Cariri, Esperança, Queimadas, Cuité, Boa Vista and Areia. To determine the physical quality, the water content, weight of one thousand seeds and the biometric characteristics were analyzed: length, width and thickness. In the evaluation of the physiological quality the following variables were analyzed: emergency percentage, first emergency count, emergency speed index, length and dry mass of shoot and seedling roots. For the anatomy of the integument, the description of the integument was performed and the following variables were analyzed: tegument thickness, tracheoid bar length and width, all in a completely randomized experimental design. In the biometric characteristics of E. velutina seeds, a range of variation occurs, with the highest mean length, width and thickness in the seeds of the mother plant 14 (Cuité). In relation to the physiological quality, a significant difference was observed in all analyzed variables, both for intact and scarified seeds, with emphasis on the intact seeds of the mother plants 5 (São João do Cariri), 14 (Cuité), 16 (Boa Vista) and 19 (Sand), which were the most vigorous, as well as for the scarified seeds of the matrix plants 4 (Guarabira) and 10 (Burned). The integument of E. velutina seeds, in cross-section, is formed by waxy cuticle, epidermis, hypodermis and a layer of parenchyma cells, in which the epidermis is composed of a layer of macroesclereids. The hypodermis consists of a layer of cells called osteosclereids and soon after the layer of osteosclereids the integument has a parenchyma layer 10-12 cells. The thread region consists of a funiculus, a double layer of palisade (against palisade) macrosclerosis, a lucid line, a layer of osteo-sclereids, a tracheoid bar and two layers of parenchyma. The raphe region is composed of a layer of macroesclereids, with the same pattern of tegument and thread, filling parenchyma with cells of varied shapes, with accumulation of phenolic compounds in the median cells of the parenchyma and vascular bundle. The seeds of the different matrix plants and localities have integument dormancy and the vigor of the intact seeds varies among the parent plants. Regarding anatomy, localities influence the shape and size of tracheoid rods, however, they do not influence the establishment of seed dormancy.

The present study had as objective to monitor the contamination buy Staphylococcus spp. in small-scale milk processing plants in Cariri of Paraiba through a quantitative microbiological analysis and by genotyping of the isolates by REP-PCR method (Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic Sequences). For both, considering the flow chart of processing of pasteurized goat milk in plants, sampling of raw and pasteurized milk, swabs of the inner surface of equipment (reception tank, pre-pasteurization tank, post-pasteurizationtank, package machine), walls and handlers hands. Quantitative analysis was performed by enumeration of Staphylococcus spp., which were targeted 114 isolates of this microorganism for ADN extraction and reaction of amplification for REP-PCR using the primer RW3A. Were observed package machine average counts of Staphylococcus spp. between plants of 5.18 CFU/mL for raw goat milk. The previous points of surface to pasteurization showed average counts of 0.65 and 1.55 log CFU/cm2 for reception tank and pre-pasteurization tank, respectively. For the points of surface after to the pasteurization, was observed counts of 0.94 and 1.65 log CFU/cm2 for lung tank and the package machine, respectively. Handlers hands showed average count of Staphylococcus spp. between plants of 0.88 log.CFU/hand. Still, wall surfaces showed an average count of 1.08 log CFU/cm2. For pasteurized milk, average count of Staphylococcus spp between 2.85 log CFU/mL was observed plants. In molecular analysis were observed indistinguishable genotypic profiles, as well as, genotypic profiles with high similarity of isolates of Staphylococcus spp. From pasteurized milk showed a genotypic profile similar to isolates of equipments and of handlers hand in the investigated plants, which, from individualized analysis in each plant, was allowed the identification of possible ways of milk contamination during your processing, which reinforced the quantitative analysis previously performed. The high contamination by Staphylococcus spp., and the close genotype relationship between the isolates of this microorganism in milk samples, equipments and handlers hands, reveals the presence of residual contamination and in plants of Cariri in state Paraiba, making it necessary to review in its Good Manufacturing Practices.

Third eyelid gland protrusion is a condition of uncertain etiology, common in young dogs. It is believed that inflammation and weakening of the connective tissue that anatomically fixes the lacrimal gland to the periorbital tissues occurs, exposing it and triggering pathological changes in the glandular tissue, which will consequently interfere in the tear film production. The purpose of the study was to correlate the protrusion time of the third eyelid gland to the morphometric changes that occurred in the glandular tissue and its effects on lacrimal production. Eighteen glands of 15 dogs (eight females and seven males) with third eyelid gland protrusion were analyzed. The animals were healthy, with varying age, weight and breed. The dogs were divided into three groups according to the time of exposure of the gland. Group 1 was composed of dogs with up to six months of protrusion, Group 2, by dogs with seven to 12 months of protrusion and Group 3 by animals that had the disease for more than 12 months. In all dogs the glandular repositioning was performed using the Morgan technique. During anesteshia, immediately before surgical burial, a fragment of the gland was collected for histopathological and morphometric analysis. Group 1 presented a larger area and greater thickness of glandular acini, compared to Groups 2 and 3. Group 3 presented lower tear production according to the Schirmer test, compared to Groups 1 and 2. There was a predominance of cellular hypertrophy. Group 3 presented moderate to severe inflammatory infiltrate. No significant difference was found between groups in relation to collagen production. Exposure of the lacrimal gland of the third eyelid may reduce tear production, and this change seems to be directly proportional to the time of exposure of the gland, with atrophy of the glandular acini and decrease of the area of tear secreting tissue. Thus, the relevance of early surgical repositioning is emphasized.

Soil-related natural resources in dryland environments, such as the Caatinga, have suffered from deterioration impacts due to the absence of conservation practices coupled with inadequate soil use, without taking into account the spatiotemporal variability of attributes that are variable as a function of time and space. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial-seasonal variability of physical, chemical and biological attributes in a toposequence of Carossian Neosols of Paraíba. The geostatistics allied to kriging can identify and map specific management zones by mathematical models capable of showing the degree of spatial dependence and interpolation of data with no trend in non-sampled points for confection of isoline maps. Soil collections at different times of the year taking into account the seasonality of the rains (dry period and rainy season) can be an effective methodology in determining the seasonal variability of the attributes. For studies of diversity of edaphic organismos the determination of ecological indices such as: Wealth, Shannon, Simpson and Pielou. The study was carried out in a compartmentalized toposequence in three positions: shoulder, middle third and lower third, in the Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony (RPPN), Fazenda Almas, in Cariri da Paraibano. Soil attributes presented spatiotemporal variability in the positions of Shoulder, Middle and Lower Thirds. The CO2 flux was influenced only by soil moisture, since the soil temperature was constant with the seasonal rainfall. The Neosols of Cariri Paraibano show a high diversity of edaphic macroarthropods that have their composition of the community influenced directly by the relief positions.

Due to the increase of degraded areas, due mainly to anthropic influences, to use alternatives, low cost preferably is necessary, that allow the knowledge the level of degradation and promote the recovery of the soil productive capacity, in order to enable adequate management and recovery of these areas. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil attributes and how it interferes with phosphorus (P) and soil organic matter (SOM) as to verify the effect of treated wastewater (WW), P and SOM contents in a Decapitated Anthroposol. Initially, a georeferencing was performed, a grid was defined and soil sampling was performed in a degraded area with Decapitated Anthropossoil, from which the soil bulk density (BDs), the fine earth bulk density (BDfe), the proportion of the coarse fraction (pCF) and the contents of P and SOM, from these the corrected density (BDco) and P and SOM stocks were calculated. Influenced by the high pCF, the BDs presented extremely high values, in the order of 1.9 kg dm-3. By suggesting a high soil compaction degree BDfe presented values around 1.7 kg dm-3. On the other hand, the BDco was around 1.3 kg dm-3. All physical attributes presented high spatial variability and strong spatial dependence, while P and SOM contents around 3 g kg-1 and 2 mg kg-1 respectively showed high spatial variability and week spatial dependence. The estimate of the P and SOM stock based only on BDs, disregarding the mass and volume of the pCF overestimated the available P and SOM stock in the soil in relation to the same calculation based on the BDco, discounting the pCF. Later, in order to evaluate the effect of the application of treated wastewater on the growth of forest species and the recovery of soil chemical attributes, a randomized block experiment with five forest species irrigated with three water slides (7 L week-1 of (AR7) and 14 L week-1 of treated wastewater (AR14). After three years, the soil was collected and analyzed for P, Organic P and SOM, and the species were evaluated for height and diameter at breast height (DBH). Reaching orders of magnitude 5 to 8 times higher than AA treatment, both AR7 and AR14 treatments promoted an expressive increase in the levels of P, organic P and SOM. However, there was no significant difference in the height and diameter of the forest species among the treatments, probably due to phytosociological factors inherent to the species used. Therefore, RA can be considered as an excellent low cost alternative for the recovery of degraded soils in the semi-arid region.

The productive capacity of the grassland is related to the age of establishment of these and the characteristics of the soil. In the Brazilian Northeast, grassland soils are generally in hillslope areas, slope hillslope favor variability in soil hydrodynamic properties and result in changes in physical and chemical characteristics. In addition, grassland cultivated on soil without fertilization depend on the cycling of nutrients from the grassland litter, process that results in efflux of CO2 into the atmosphere. Against the foregoing, this work was carried out, divided int three independent but complementary chapters. With the aim of determine the curves retention-θ(h) and hydraulic conductivity-K(θ) and the predominant retention force, use of the Beerkan method to obtain hydrodynamic soil parameters (Chapter I); to evaluate the efflux of CO2 from the soil, the production and quality of the forage and the litter of Urochloa decumbens (Chapter II); and determine the differences in soil CO2 efflux, forage production and quality of grassland of different ages (Chapter III). Chapters I and III were developed in three relief positions: shoulder, backslopes and footslope of two hillslopes under grasslands with different ages of establishment (one with 2 years of use-E2 and one with 22 years of use-E22). Chapter II was developed in the three relief positions, but only on a hillslope (E22). Soil water storage was evaluated using the Diviner 2000 capacitance probe. The hydrodynamic parameters were determined using the BEST model in the Sciliab program 5.3.3. The production of litter dry matter was evaluated with infiltration ring, already the production and the nutrient content in the grassland were obtained with exclusion cages, while the efflux of CO2 was quantified in static chambers. The results indicated granulometric variability among the topographic positions, and in E22 there is more clay than in E2. The water storage and the curves θ(h) and K(θ) varied according to the granulometric and hydrodynamic characteristics, which differed in depth, and in relation to the position on the hillslope and the time of grazing on the same. The íons Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, the potential acidity and soil moisture are higher in the shoulder and backslopes, where there is higher concentration of organic matter and clay. K+, Na+, CO2 efflux, sand and total porosity are larger in the footslope, position that stores less water. There was a positive correlation between CO2 efflux of soil and dry matter of litter + forage. Regardless of the age of grassland use on the hillslope, the highest yield was in the footslope and the lowest in the backslopes. The recovery of grassland reduced CO2 emissions, improvement pasture quality, and increased production.

The objective of this research is to analyze the affection in the reports regarding violence against woman published in the Correio da Paraiba newspapers and Paraiba Newspapers (extinct in 2016), at João Pessoa (PB), during the year of 2015.The study of affection was applied from the postulates of the ethic works of Buruch Spinoza (1632-1677). There has been identified initially affection languages at the speech’s in which the publication had as principal subjects hope, fear, love, hate, jealous, envy, repentance, forgiveness and desire. The corpus possess seveteen subjects, in a total of forty-eight analyzed news. The selection was qualitative and the type of research was documented. The research occurs about the usage of affection leaving the ethical camp of Spinoza and passing to be associated in the reports of violence against woman as part constitutive of the reports plot, used to camouflage the human relations. The empiric material was analyzed from the Analysis of the Speech and his methodological procedures allied to the Comprehensive Sociology of Dayle life and to the communication theorists such as Muniz Sodre, Cremilda Medina and Patrick Charaudeau.

Taking the theory about the paradigms of Thomas Kuhn as an initial theoretical framework, but adapted to the scope of the human and social sciences, we investigate in the present work if it is possible to conceive the proposal of Restorative Justice as a paradigm, even in the face of the multiplicity of theoretical Characteristics and objectives. In the light of Thomas Kuhn's considerations in "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" (1962), paradigms are models that guide the activity of "normal science", in order to establish parameters that will allow the scientific community to explain a certain phenomena and it’s necessary for it validation, that these basic parameters are accepted in a relative consensus by the scientific community. Based on this construction, we seek to affirm that the proposal of restorative justice must be understood as a paradigm, even in the face of the multiplicity of constructions about it, because it is observed in this multiplicity of views, certain basic consensual theoretical foundations (what we call hard nucleus) that allow the scientific community to reexamine how we should understand and respond to criminal conflicts. Theoretical divergences are / will be responsible for promoting the variety of theories sheltered by the paradigm; as the paradigm reaches the stage of maturity, these will tend to diminish, producing greater consensus. From this new paradigm it would be possible to construct new ideas and practices for the treatment of these conflicts. For the confirmation of this statement we will use the research method.

Polyphenols are extensively distributed in fruits, vegetables, herbs, seeds, cereals and beverages. Among the polyphenols present in foods, quercetin (QUE) and resveratrol (RES) have received increased interest because of the strong evidence of the association of their intake with a variety of health benefits. QUE is one of the largest representatives of the class of flavonoids found naturally in apples and red wine, while RES is the main representative of the class of stilbenes, naturally present in bark and grape seeds, and in wine. However, the benefits of ingestion of polyphenols are related to their bioavailability, which is usually very low. Thus, the compounds reach the large intestine, where they are metabolized through the action of the bacteria present in the intestinal microbiota. Among these bacteria potentially capable of metabolizing polyphenols are probiotics. The potential ability of probiotics to exert health benefits on the host has been commonly associated with the compliance of in vitro pre-requisites that include a set of physiological functionalities (e.g., acid and bile salts tolerance, cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, coaggregation with pathogens and antagonistic activity against pathogens) and capability of surviving during exposure to gastrointestinal conditions. Studies have suggested that the combined intake of polyphenols and probiotics may be an effective strategy to increase their biological functionalities, but phenolic compounds may exert varied influences on specific characteristics of probiotic, which reveals the need for further studies evaluating these potential influences that polyphenols may exert on probiotics. This study assessed the effects of polyphenols QUE and RES on the growth and some in vitro functionality-related properties of six proven potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains (L. plantarum 49, L. plantarum 53, L. paracasei 106, L. paracasei 108, L. fermentum 263 and L. fermentum 296). QUE and RES showed weak inhibitory effects on the growth of the tested Lactobacillus strain, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as high as 512 – >1024 μg/mL. In most cases, QUE and RES at all tested concentrations (i.e., MIC, 1/2 MIC and 1/4 MIC) did not affect the tolerance of the Lactobacillus strains to acidic pH and bile salts. QUE increased the cell surface hydrophobicity of most of the tested Lactobacillus strains, while increases or decrease in this property varied among some of these strains in the presence of different RES concentrations. QUE and RES increased the ability of the tested Lactobacillus strains to aggregate and coaggregate with Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. These compounds did not affect negatively the antagonistic activity of the tested Lactobacillus strains against pathogens, as well as did not decrease their survival when exposed to an in vitro digestion. In few cases, the ability of some of the tested Lactobacillus strains to antagonize pathogens as well as to survive to specific steps of the in vitro digestion were increased by QUE or RES. The combined use of QUE or RES with probiotic lactobacilli could improve functional properties exerted by these bacteria on the host; however, the concentration of these compounds should be careful considered to reach these desirable effects.

Introduction: When considering the common alterations in the aging process, cutaneous xerosis characterized by dryness presents a high frequency and can generate complications for the elderly. Objective: Analyse nursing care for evaluation, prevention and treatment of cutaneous xerosis in the elderly. Method: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, carried out with 101 care nurses from four hospitals in the city of João Pessoa-PB, between July and September 2018. The inclusion criteria were: to work in the units as care nurses, be in the service for at least six months and use the nursing process in care. Nurses who worked only in administrative functions were excluded from the survey, or were separated by leave or leave during the collection period. The operational stages were: 1 - theoretical-reflective study on the contributions of Nursing Theory Wanda Aguiar Horta; 2 - integrative review of the literature; 3 - construction and validation of instrument content; 4 - application of the instrument; and 5 - instrument construct validation. Descriptive statistical analyzes of distribution and frequency were performed to analyze the data. A chi-square test was also performed for categorical variables and exploratory factor analysis for construct validation. It was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Health Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba under the number of CAAE: 89318318.3.0000.5188. Results: There was emphasis on the importance of considering the age group and observing the existence of lesions. Of the participating professionals, 64.4% reported not having any course related to the prevention or treatment of skin lesions. From the factorial analysis, three construct factors were defined for the instrument with total explanatory variance of 47.77%, Bartlett's sphericity test with p <0.001 and the general Cronbach's alpha of 0.811. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the importance and necessity of permanent education to improve the quality of care and the instrument was valid and reliable, contributing to the practice of nurses as an integral part of the process of caring for the elderly.

Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell, a species belonging to the family Malvaceae, is popularly known as "malva roxa" or "malvavisco". The present work was to increase the knowledge about the phytochemicals of S. paniculatum through a phytochemical study to isolate their polar substances and synthesis reactions to prepare analogous amides for those isolated from Malvaceae species. For the isolation and analysis of the chemical constituents were adopted chromatographic methods such as column chromatography and flat chromatography. In order to synthesize amides, MBH (Morita-Baylis-Hillman) adducts were used as substrates for the synthesis of these molecules, having as starting reagents aromatic aldehydes and commercial amines, in a synthesis that follows from 3-5 reactional steps. This study reports the isolation and identification of 10 substances: stearic acid (Sp-1), N-trans-feruloylthyramine (Sp-2), acacetin (Sp-3), apigenin, 7,4'-di-O-methyl-7-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (Sp-6); yannin (Sp-7), beltraonin (Sp-8a), and two new sulfated flavonoids: 7-O-sulphate isoscutellarein (paniculatumin) (Sp-8b) in admixture with Sp-8a, and 7,4'-O-dimethyl-8-O-sulfate hypoaletin (sidastrumin) (Sp-9). The sulfated flavonoids were subjected to molecular studies on the Aedes aegypti target proteins (Aedes aegypti kynurenine aminotransferase and Sterol Carrier Protein2), where the Sp-6 and Sp-8a flavonoids had the potentiality to interact with both target proteins, these being the most indicated to be studied in vitro. This study also reports the synthesis of 40 molecules, 20 amides, of which 18 are unprecedented in the literature, from reactions with a mean yield of 82%. The compounds had their chemical structures determined and identified by analysis of the NMR (1H, 13C, HMQC, HMBC and COSY), TOFMS, infrared, polarization spectra and comparisons with literature data. Among the compounds synthesized 2d and 2b adducts, 7c acid and 4g, 4h and 8e amides were evaluated for antifungal activity, where the adducts and acid showed activity against yeast fungi including C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei and the amides showed a lower profile of antifungal activity, with inhibition promoted only by 4g and 4h amides against few strains, while amide 8e was inactive.

The objective of this study was to determine the optimum temperature range for European quail through behavioral , physiological , blood and performance indicators 480 European quail ( Coturnix coturnix coturnix ) were used in the period 22-42 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments (temperatures - 15, 19, 23, 27, 31 and 35ºC) and eight replicates , totaling 48 experimental units . Ingestive pattern , location , position and interaction: were observed Physiological variables such as: sewage and surface temperature. After the experimental period, two birds from each experimental unit , collected blood samples for assessment of the heterophil / lymphocyte were slaughtered . We evaluated body weight ( g ) , weight gain ( g / d ) , feed intake ( g / d ) and feed conversion ( g / g ) , and even absolute weight ( g ) and yield ( % ) of whole carcasses (without feet and head ) , prime cuts , chest and legs ( thigh and drumstick ). Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and regression . Quails kept at temperatures of 19-23 ° C had higher frequency of feeding, water intake was greater as the temperature increased , the quail remained alone in the high temperature ( 35 ° C) and lumped in cold temperature ( 15°C), the location and position of the quails were influenced by environmental temperature . Linear increase occurred in the physiological variables, which rose as the environmental temperature increased ( 35 ° C ) except peito. Was found an increase in the percentage of heterophils and reduction of lymphocytes when quails were maintained at elevated temperature. The end weight, weight gain and feed consumption of quail maintained at temperatures of 31-35°C were lower than those reared in warmer temperatures . The range of 19 to 27°C of temperature environmental is recommended as being good for quail from 22 to 42 days old .

The object of this research is the interactions between the directly-hired and seconded workers at the R.L.A.M. - Oil-Refinery Landulfo Alves, State Company. It is hereby studied, more specifically, the splitting-out among workmen as a group, the ways of interaction, the conflicts and discriminations between workers having a different legal status in their labour contracts. This workmen conflicts were intensified with the increasing number of seconded worker in the above mentioned State Company, during these past 16 years. It was searched to reconstitute how the seconded and directly-hired workers interpred/experience the conflicts, distinctions and stigmatizations resulting from interactions all over the factory-ground with repercussions towards factory outside life. This oil-refinery is sited in the city "São Francisco do Conde" - State of Bahia. I poured the hypothesis that the strengthening in the secondment process made fragile the social net between directly-hired and seconded workers in that State company both in-doors and out-door work environments. In these terms, this situation has reinforced objective and subjective distinctions among workers. In order to reveal this reality, I investigate the interactions and conceptions of these workers on the deterioration/fragmentation of this social net in and out-side the factory, having the secondmentig process as reference. The employed are the ones directly hired by the State company; the seconded ones work for companies which provide services to the oil company. The general thesis poured at this present essay considers that the wide-up in the secondmentig process - one of the main structural changes of the labour world in these last 20 years - has caused, among workers with different labour contract status, a objective and subjective splitting-out. These segmentations express themselves in the core of the workers' relations as follows: in the identity ressignification as a single social category, in the precarious work day-by-day life, and in the ways of socialization which produce a "deterioration, fragilization, unbelonging" process. To achieve these studies targets, I carried out qualitative interviews, reports analysis, participative observation, surveys and analysis of second sources - news papers, reports, advertisements, landscape photos, songs lyrics, among others seeking for reviling the split habitus and the social representations that the observed workers have about this reality.