RCAAP Repository

It analyzes the informational demands of the PPGCIs' professors from the Northeast Region concerned with both teaching and research practice. The Sense-Making approach, by the American – Brenda Dervin, was applied in order to base the research, so as to understand the meaning the individual assign to information at the moment in which one realizes a cognitive gap, while proceeding to a determined task, configurating the situation-gap-use triad. It refers to a descriptive research on a quantitative qualitative basis. A mixed questionnaire was employed as the data gathering‟s tool. Bardin‟s categorization technique was used to analyze the researched users‟responses. Twenty-two Professors took part in the research. The achieved results displayed that they usually search for information in Information Units, such as libraries, archives and documentation centers. Furthermore, to respond to informational needs, the greatest part of the researched individuals use the internet as information source. Concerning information channnels, they make use of books, journal articles, monographs, dissertations, theses, research reports, special collections.The major part of the researched perceive that such channels improve teaching practice because they keep themselves up to date with the following aspects: issues that are being discussed in classroom, the discovery of new methodological approaches, the updating of the existing knowledge as well as new experiences. As to the search process and to the information use, the greatest aim is to update knowledge on the researcheds‟ area, and to seek to information in order to apply on researches. The most recent problem which has led them to information search and use has been the demand for informational material that could have been applied as the support to carry on researches in process. The Professors state that whenever they are engaged in such a process, they – as a whole – become satisfied. In this context, normally, the feeling that prevails the mentioned search process is, somehow, some questioning; in other words, the need to find out something new about a certain issue, a gap, a cognitive empty. Barrier time is one of the informational obstacles that mostly hampers the information search process and use, as well as the information excess to which everyone is subject nowadays. The most used strategy to overcome such a barrier is the selection by means of the trustfulness criterion. Therefore, the knowledge about the informational behavior has demonstrated itself, considering the Professors‟ speech, as an alternative to know how they are doing to handle the informational bulk and to retrieve relevant information to use in their teaching practice.

We began this work with the presentation of proof of Euler to the problem of Basel then we present two other most current statements when problem Basel and finaly an approach to preliminary content for the understanding the demonstrations here cited. Studied and statements presented in this document were extracted from [11] and [10].

This work aims to show the existence and Uniqueness of the field of Real Numbers, using for this, Dedekind' Cuts theorem and the Definition by Recursion.To fulfill his goal, we define the notion of Dedekind Cut and present some of its properties; then introduce the notions of Archimedean Ordered and Field, Complete Field Sorted and finally articulate and demonstrate the Uniqueness Theorem of Field Real Numbers.

We live a historical moment where the management model based on Taylorist-Fordist assumptions, subdivision of jobs and prescription activity appears to no longer meet the demand needed to face a new business reality. It is in this context that intensify the debate about the model of management skills and the work of managers, seen as essential for the introduction of this new model. Based on these characteristics, this study has the general objective to discuss the skills that the two industries managers in the beverage segment, located in cities of the state of Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, mobilize in carrying out its activities and which would need to acquire and / or develop and specific objectives: to verify the skills used by managers and they think may need to purchase or develop; analyze the working conditions of managers; identify factors causing suffering and pleasure in work; check the aspects that contribute to realization and recognition at work and analyze the relation between work and family managers. The theoretical basis of this study is based on psychodynamics of work contributions; Clinical Activity; Ergonomics of the activity; Material culture and thinking of Philippe Zarifian. As for the method, we used semi-structured interviews, in order to capture specifics of managerial work and the relationship with the mobilized skills. Participated eight drink industries managers located in northeastern Brazil, who work in several areas. Data analysis was performed using thematic content analysis. Results: managers a high value on achievement of targets and bonuses arising therefrom, but this leads to relationship difficulties and an individualistic culture. Learning the craft management occurs through observation, through courses and collective bargaining, which are also the main source to solve problems that generate stops in production. The situations that generate more suffering are not meeting targets, the locking initiatives and the lack of time for family. The largest sources of pleasure are the family life, recognition by superiors and peers, professional achievement, the possibility of career advancement and financial returns. Working conditions are considered satisfactory, as it relates to resources, such as facilities and equipment, the existence of an effective career plan and continuing training process. The risks are constant and varied, but there is no history of leave or illness. With regard to the mobilization of skills in work situations, emerged several questions posed by managers. Initially we conclude that there is a misalignment between what the company considers the skills that managers must possess and what they understand to be necessary for their activity. The focus of the managers was on skills relating to personnel management, communicated through expressions such as "embrace the team", "communicate", "lead", "fairness", "how to deal with people" and "train people "while what they perceive as the skills required by the company were verbalized as" focus on results "," earnings management "," competitiveness ", so well divergent views between them. Another feature of power has been demonstrated is the possibility of it being developed, but this would require that managers have greater clarity of the gains that are possible to obtain from the introduction of a true model of management skills.

In this work we present the concept of cryptography, highlighting the differences between symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. We also show how RSA encryption works. Moreover, we study the main mathematical results that justify the operation of this cryptosystem and its security, such as: congruences, Euler's theorem, Fermat's Little Theorem, Wilson's Theorem, Euler's criterion for quadratic residues, Law of Quadratic Reciprocity and primality tests.

For more than 2500 years, many of the great mathematicians interested in the nature and the mysteries of fascinating number Pi , wonderful minds such that Archimedes, Euler, Gauss, Abel, Jacobi, Weierstrass, among others. In this work we will study some of the fundamental properties that characterize the number Pi. We begin our work, proving that the ratio between the length of an arbitrary circumference and its diameter is constant. For this, we use the completeness of the real numbers. This constant is precisely the number Pi. The chapter 2 is dedicated to he study of the irrationality of Pi. We present three proofs, a classical proof, due to Lambert, and two modern proofs due to Cartwright and Ivan Niven. In addition to be irrational, the number Pi is transcendental, that is, there is not a non zero polynomial in one variable with rational coeficients that has Pi as root. This fact was initially proved by Lindemann and as a consequence, the classical problem of squaring the circle has no solution. In the chapter 3 we present , without proof, a more general result, the celebrated Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem, which has a corollary , the transcendence of Pi. Finally, in the chapter 4, chronology, curiosities, approximations and series on Pi are studied.

We present the main properties related to complex numbers. We justify as the history of mathematics can contribute to learning that content. Then we describe briefly the history of complex numbers. We also show where the complex numbers can be applied both within mathematics itself, and beyond.

In 2012 the national truth commission in Brazil was sanctioned to work for two years, with the objective of investigating human rights violations and appointing the people responsible for killings, torture and disappearances during the military regime. In 2014, on the 50th anniversary of this period, the committee should release reports. In this context, the study has the general objective of analyzing the social representations of three generations regarding the military dictatorship, as well as the opinion of these people about the truth commission. The sample is comprised of 209 participants. Data was analyzed by the Evoc program, from the expression “Governo Militar”. The core of the representation showed that the introduced contents are strongly attached to a negative action (repression) associated with the government structure of "dictatorship". The data was also analyzed by Alceste software. The results indicate the formation of 5 classes, with Class 2, "Investigation of Human Rights Violations by the Commission of Truth", being the most representative of the group. Taken together, the results demonstrate the importance of the subject for the participants. It also leads to the perception that the rescue of historical memories influence the representations anchored overtime by those who have lived and/or listened to facts of this period, such as killings, torture and political disappearances.

Traditional treatment after stroke includes medications and physical rehabilitation, which is generally composed of non-systematic protocols, which hinders its replicability. The transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) associated with a standardized physical therapy may represent an effective therapeutic alternative for these patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of tDCS, combined with Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) in patients in sub-acute stage of stroke. A clinical trial, placebo-controlled, double blind, randomized, was designed involving 40 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke, unilateral, non-recurring. Participants were randomly assigned to 02 groups, with active stimulation and the other with placebo current. All received systematic physical therapy, based on the principles of CIMT. The intervention was applied for 10 consecutive days with current 2mA, with the anode positioned over the primary motor cortex (M1), ipsilateral to the lesion, and the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital region. Patients underwent three functional evaluations: baseline (T0), week 2 (T1) and week 4 (T2). Neuropsychological tests and safety tests were performed at T0 and T2. Regarding the total participants, 86% (n = 35) completed the protocol. The dropout was higher in the active tDCS compared to placebo, but this relationship was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The clinical characteristics and socio demographic no differences between groups were observed. As for the primary endpoint, showed that performance in Barthel Index differ between groups (F1,38 = 9.46; p = 0.04; η2= 0.19) and over time (F2,38 =166.29; p = 0.00; η2 = 0.81), with group x time interaction (F2,38 = 24.33; p = 0.00; η2= 0.39), where participants who received active stimulation performed better than those treated with sham tDCS. Regarding secondary outcomes, spasticity, upper limb function and use of paretic limb, the same pattern was observed in relation to functional independence, where patients who receive active stimulation achieved higher scores. Regarding safety, no serious adverse effects and no deleterious effects were observed for both groups during the treatment and follow-up. Thus, the data demonstrate the efficacy and safety of active tDCS, combined with physiotherapy, in rehabilitation after stroke.

This dissertation aimed to know if the personality traits and human values are able to explain the maternal alienating practices. Specifically, we intended to: (1) develop and know the psychometric parameters of the Inventory of Maternal Alienating Practices (IMAP); (2) verify the confirmatory validity of IMAP; and (3) test an explicative model, in which the personality traits and values are predictors of maternal alienating practices. Thus, we developed three studies with correlational design, ex post facto, and quantitative methodology. In study 1, we aimed to build and know the psychometric parameters of IMAP. Participants were 200 divorced mothers, aged 22-66 (M = 37.12 years, SD = 9.06). After testing the discriminative power of 13 initial items using a Student t test, remained Twelve. Then we proceeded to a factor analysis, identifying, using the PA criterion, a structure composed of a single factor, with all items showing loadings higher than |.30| and Cronbach's alpha of .83. In Study 2, we carried out a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of IPMA. Counted on a sample by intentional convenience of 189 divorced mothers, aged 20-70 years (M = 37.8, SD = 10.69). The results of the AFC after removal of two items (6 and 11) showed marginally acceptable indicators [χ² = 141.05, χ²/gl = 4.03, GFI = .87, AGFI = .80, CFI = .88 and RMSEA (IC90 % = .12 – .10) = .14, CAIC = 265.89 e ECVI = .96], satisfactory level of internal consistency α = .88, so as the composite commonality (CC = .90) and mean variance explained (VME = .50). It is considered therefore that the objectives of the previous studies have been achieved, given a quality metric of the instrument developed. In Study 3, in an attempt to propose an explanatory model of maternal alienating practices, we sought to identify the correlation between these practices and the personality traits and human values, and also verify the predictive power of these constructs against these practices. Participants were 188 divorced mothers, aged 17-61 years (M = 32.2 years, SD = 9.17). Were performed Pearsons correlation, linear regression to assess predictive power, as has also been proposed a hierarchical model through the software AMOS. The main results indicate that personality trait kindness and values subfunction suprapersonal present correlation with the amaternal alienating practices (r = -.18; p <.05 and r = -.24, p <.05, respectively). From these results, it was found the predictive power of these variables towards the maternal alienating practices, noting its predictor potential front practices satisfactorily. Taking these results as a basis, we tested an explicative model, in which the kindness trait was able to predict the suprapersonal subfunction which jointly explained maternal alienating practices. Thus, the hierarchical model personality traits → values → maternal alienating practices presents satisfactory quality at the adjustments indices, shown through structural equation modeling. In conclusion, the present dissertation objectives were achieved, emphasizing the theoretical framework used for identifying robustly that factors associated with loving characteristics and emotional balance, can consistently help to understand maternal alienating practices.

We started this work with a little history of trigonometry and quadratic equation to finally introduce some results relating the geometry of the triangle, of convex polygons and the conical with quadratic equations.

This research has as object of study the teaching of Financial Mathematics, with the aid of a tool: the Financial Calculator HP 12C, preparing citizens able to manage their own budgets and the labor market. Preliminary concepts concerning the theme are presented, followed by examples in context, pointing out the main factors that facilitate the understanding of each content. Being approached through practical applications, which makes learning easier, and increases motivation and students' interest.

In this work, we study the principles of the theory of plane curves, within the context of high school

The leaf ethanolic extract of Cissampelos sympodialis showed promising activity in different animal models of asthma. Several alkaloids have been isolated and identified in the extract, including warifteine and methylwarifteine (bisbenzylisoquinoline), as well as milonine (morphinandienone). In this work we describe the development and validation of a method for simultaneous quantification of chemical markers in ethanolic extracts applied to the study of seasonality and isolation of two bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Already for milonine, warifteine and methylwarifteine were isolated, purified and quantified in crude ethanolic extracts of leaves using a methodology developed and validated. The warifteine and methylwarifteine were isolated from total alkaloid fraction of roots (TAF-r) of C. sympodialis, whereas that the milonine was isolated from the TAF-l. The structural identification was performed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy of 1H and 13C, mass spectrometry and infrared spectrometry. The method made use of high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (278 nm) using a reverse phase column C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5mm) and a mobile phase mixture of water-triethylamine (0,05%) (A) : methanol (B) in order gradient: 0-5 min. (60%), 5-15 min. (72%), 15-25 min.(80%), 25-30 min. (60%). at a rate of 1 mL / min. and running time of 30 min. The chromatographic method was validated in accordance with the recommended resolution of 899 of Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, and was linear in the concentration range used (2-100 mg / mL), selective (with good separation between the three chromatographic peaks and interfering) and robust. The calibration model used was of standard addition. In the study of seasonality of the markers was observed that there was significant decrease in the concentration of milonine, warifteine and methylwarifteine between February and April. These prominent decreases between the months of February and April for the three molecules coincide with the fruiting period of the plant being observed the appearance of warifteine and methylwarifteine alkaloids in the fruits. This observation suggests the need of the biosynthesis of these alkaloids for the fruits. Through chromatographic and spectrometric techniques was isolated and identified FAT roots of C. sympodialis a mixture of the epimers 7’- desmetilroraimine and 1' - epi - 7'- desmetilroraimine bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids that are inedited in the literature.

Workers chronically exposed to a variety of organic solvents may suffer from changes in color vision and contrast sensitivity (CS). However, few studies have investigated whether there are sex-related differences in these changes, one of the factors that can change the toxicokinetics of solvents. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether there would be differences between women and men exposed in terms of their chromatic and achromatic visual psychophysical responses. A total of 44 individuals, Control Group total (CGt; n = 22) and Study Group total (SGt; n = 22) participated in the experiment, subdivided into the following groups: Study Group men (SGm): 11 men exposed to solvents (Age, M = 30.18, SD = 6.48; Education level, M = 9.73, SD = 2.10; Work duration, M = 6.53, SD = 4.38); Study Group women (SGw): 11 women exposed to solvents (Age, M = 26.91, SD = 5.86; Education level, M = 10, 36, SD = 0.92; Work duration, M = 4.70, SD = 3.53); Control Group men (CGm): 11 unexposed men (Age, M = 26.73, SD = 6.5; Education level, M = 9.73; SD = 1.8); Control Group women (CGm): 11 unexposed women (Age, M = 26.55, SD = 6.5; Education level, M = 10.45; SD = 1.51). The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center (SCC) at the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), with CAAE registry number 21350113.9.0000.5188. Initially the participants underwent a screening step, with the following inclusion criteria, among others: a 20/20 or corrected visual acuity (evaluated via optotypes and Rasquin testing) and no dyschromatopsia (evaluated using Ishirara Test). Assessment of color perception was performed using the D15 desaturated Lanthony test (D15d) and the Cambridge Colour Test (CCT). The evaluation was performed by CS stimulation using sinusoidal gratings with a vertical spatial frequency of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, 10, and 16 cycles per degree (cpd) of visual angle. Furthermore, an assessment of body composition from an examination of bioimpedance. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software package, version 21. First, the overall results between the SGt group (n = 22) and CGt group (n = 22) were compared, and were subsequently compared by sex (n = 11). The results showed that the study group (SGt) (Mdn = 1.18; M = 1.31, SD = 0.32) had a significantly higher ICC (U = 128, p = 0.01) than the CGt (Mdn = 1.09; M = 1.10, SD = 0.26), while there were no significant differences between solvent-exposed men and women (U = 51.0, p = 0.53). In CCT testing (Trivector Protocol), the SGt had a length corresponding to the vector protan axis (Mdn = 50.00; M = 54.00, SD = 16.42), and was significantly higher (U = 133.50, p = 0, 01) than the combined CGt group (Mdn = 40.00; M = 42.59, SD = 16.42), while according to the ellipse protocol, the SGt (Mdn = 981.15; M = 8086.81 ; SD = 22787.81) had a significantly higher ellipse area in A3 (U = 158.00, p = 0.04) compared to the CGt (Mdn = 657.30; M = 781.75, SD = 528.68), but men and women showed no significant differences in both CCT protocols (p > 0,05). The results of the CS showed that the SGt had lower CS in the following frequencies: 0.2 (U = 116,500, p = 0.003); 0.5 (U = 117.00, p = 0.003); 5.0 (U = 149.50, p = 0.03) and 10 cpd (U = 150.00, p = 0.03) compared to the CGt. The SGm (U = 25.0, p = 0.02) had significantly higher CS than SGm at the 0.5 cpd frequency value. The correlational analyses showed that among SGw, the diameter values of circles equivalent to the A1 and A2 ellipse areas retained a significant correlation with MCM: ρ = -0.68; p = 0.02 and ρ = -0.83; p = 0.01, respectively. Among SGw, the diameter value of the circle equivalent to the A2 area was negatively correlated with fat mass: ρ = -0.67; p = 0.02, in other words a greater amount of fatty tissue was correlated with a lower error trend in the red-green opponency axis, in addition, the diameter value of the circle equivalent to the A3 area had a positive correlation with MCM: ρ = 0.61; p = 0.04, i.e. a greater amount of MCM was correlated with a greater tendency to error in the color opponency axis. In short, the data on color vision and the SC obtained by solvent-exposed women and men found no strong evidence of possible differences between the sexes. However, the associations of psychophysiological measurements with the body measurements seem to indicate that fat can act as a protective factor of the organism against the effects of solvents, since fatty tissues may retain a proportion of solvents. In this regard, women could be less affected by solvents by having, on average, a larger proportion of adipose tissue than men.

This study aimed to demonstrate some mathematical formulas used in geometry to serve as a reference source for teachers and students of Basic Education. We have begun with some of the great thinkers of Ancient Greece and with a discussion of the History of Geometry since its rst days in order to understand its emergency and development. We, then, have showed that the measure of a segment is a real number, that the length of a circle is proportional to its radius and that the area of a circle is proportional to the square of its own radius. We also demonstrated that same-area polygons can be equally decomposed. In the end of this study we did obtain the formulas on how to calculate the volume of some geometric solids using the exhaustion method and Cavalieri principle.

This work, our main objective is to present a geometric and algebraic solution to the problem of Apollonius. The problems are as Apollonius citations in Pappus works as follows: Given three elements, each of which may be points, lines or circumference, construct a circumference passing through the point (s) and is tangent to each of the lines given, but our work will speci cally show the solutions for the case where the three objects are three tangent circumference non-drying, and with di erent radii. We will also present historical elements of the problem of Apollonius, we have developed several important mathematical concepts for understanding the constructions.

This work aims to investigate whether the woman's skin color and the attacker's skin color influence the responsibility attributed to the woman for the violence she suffered. Therefore, three main hypotheses were formulated that guided the conduct of three empirical studies. Study 1 tested the following hypotheses: the black female victim of sexual violence will be seen as more responsible than the white female victim, and the victims will be seen as more responsible when the attacker is black. The participants were 200 college student volunteers with a mean age of 20.70 years (SD = 4.00; 99 men and 101 women), who were separated into each the four experimental conditions (photos of a black man and a white woman; photos of a white man and a black woman; photos of a black man and a black woman; and photos of a white man and a white woman). As a result it was observed that when the attacker is black, the white victim (M = 3.83, SD = 0.29) is seen as more responsible than the black victim (M = 2.87, SD = 0.26 ). Thus the first hypotheses were not confirmed, as contrary to expectations, the results indicate that the attacker's skin color influences the responsibility assigned to the victim. Since the participant's gender did not have any influence on these results, the hypothesis was raised that the professional context of the participants could influence the responsibility assigned to the woman for violence she suffered. Thus, Study 2 aimed to investigate whether the male and female occupational classification (Carvalho, 2003) remained in force in order to test this hypothesis in Study 3. The participants in Study 2 were 100 college students with a mean age of 21.66 years (SD = 3.53; 48 men and 52 women). The results indicate that the classification is still in force today, considering disciplines such as engineering, computing, physics, and mathematics as professions better performed by men, and nursing, nutrition, and pedagogy as disciplines considered feminine. Finally, Study 3 sought to test the third hypothesis that the participant's group membership (female vs. male courses of study) would alter the responsibility assigned to the victim. With the participation of 202 college students with a mean age of 21.51 years (SD = 5.17; 101 men and 101 women) it was found that there is a significant triple interaction effect between the victim's skin color, the skin color of the aggressor, and the participant's group membership, confirming the hypothesis raised. Thus, in the female courses of study, when the victim was white and the attacker black, she was found more responsible (M = 3,86, SD = 0,30) than in the other experimental conditions.

The present thesis aimed at knowing the correlates and predictors of attitudes toward homosexual parenting, based on explicit and implicit variables. In order to attain this objective, five studies were conducted. Study 1 aimed at mapping participants’ opinions about child adoption by homosexual parents. Participants were 484 people from general population, with mean age of 26 years (SD = 8.31). They answered to social and demographic questions, and to a structured interview. In sum, results showed a potential acceptance of this type of adoption, as long as the parents have favorable financial, emotional and educational background. Study 2 sought to test psychometric parameters of the relevant measures. Therefore, a sample of 223 undergraduates participated, their mean age was 22 years (SD = 4.42). Participants answered to experimental versions of the following measures: Attitudes toward Homosexual Marriage Scale (ATHM) and the Sexual Prejudice Multidimensional Scale (SPMS). The main results indicated that both measures gathered preliminary evidences of validity and reliability. Study 3 aimed at gathering more robust psychometric evidences of the measures used in the previous study. Participants were 261 people from general population, with mean age of 30 years (SD = 9.35). The results confirmed the assumed factor structures for both scales, indicating psychometric adequacy of a reduced model (parsimonious). Study 4 allowed the development of an explanatory model regarding acceptance and/or opposition to homosexual parenting. Participants were 339 people from different Brazilian states, with mean age of 26 years (SD = 8.15). They answered to the short version of scales used in the previous study, and the Basic Values Survey (BVS), behavioral, and demographic variables. Results showed adequacy of two models: (1) Sexual prejudice/ Values → Acceptance of Homosexual Parenting → Homosexual parenting contact acceptance [²/df = 3.77, GFI = .99, AGFI = .93, CFI = .98, RMR = .02 e RMSEA = .09 (.023 – .163)] and (2) Sexual prejudice/ Values → Opposition of homosexual parenting → Homosexual parenting contact rejection [²/df = 4.46, GFI = .98, AGFI = .91, CFI = .97, RMR = .01 e RMSEA = .10 (.057 – .151)]. Finally, Study 5 aimed at controlling social desirability and at verifying implicit attitudes toward homosexual parenting and its value correlates. It was a quasi-experimental study with a factorial design 2x2x3. Participants were 458 people recruited online, with mean age of 23 yeas (SD = 7.6). They answered to demographic questions and to explicit and implicitmeasures. The results indicated that heterosexual parenting was considered more conventional than homosexual parenting, corroborating the hypothesis of a heterosexual norm, and an influence of normative values. In conclusion, the objectives of the present dissertation were attained, providing additional and substantial evidence to identify factors that explain attitudes toward homosexual parenting, and of the role of normative values. Nevertheless, future studies are proposed, aiming at contributing to the field.

In this thesis we study some topics of the Theory of Numbers as an inspiration for future studies of Perfect Numbers and Mersenne Primes. We present some important results for our study and analyze some statements of Fermat's Little Theorem, showing the various mathematical demonstrations that proved under various logical aspects. We have clari ed some historical aspects and conjectures for perfect numbers, through a simple narrative of facts and this will certainly give us the emphasis that have motivated and still motivates many mathematicians for the study of Perfect Numbers.