RCAAP Repository

This study aimed to identify the effects of advertising on children's public and examine the protection afforded to children in the Brazilian legal system, especially in the context of consumer law, as well as reflect on the disciplin of advertising activity, defining its concept, their ratings and the principles that govern it. We sought to also assess whether the current rules have provided effective protection to the young audience, which was made from the statistical analysis of case-control conducted by the national advertising self-regulation and the Judiciary. To this end, we carried out a theoretical and explanatory research, situating the subject within the stage of evolution of the doctrine and legislation, exposing the rules of public and private character prevailing in the country, besides the bills and administrative rules and comparing them to those applicable law abroad. Empirical analysis of trials carried out by the judiciary and the Council of Advertising Self-Regulation was also made in the years 2012 and 2013, having as basis the hypothesis that the existence of many cases control the advertising submitted to the Judiciary and response the merits of the requests, as well as the judgment by restraining or alteration of advertising CONAR reported to demonstrate the existence of an effective control, which has not been proved, given the small sample obtained from public control and the small percentage of decisions by restraining the ads rendered by CONAR. It was found that, although the subject has the interest of some sectors of society, there are few studies in the area produced in Brazil, while overseas there are many surveys of various kinds, analyzing the subject from different approaches and interests. It was identified, so that commonly ad campaigns have been used for the analysis of child behavior in order to persuade that public to purchase their products and identify with their brand. It was observed also that, in addition to products and brands, some values are propagated by advertising, these values are often incompatible with citizenship, family life and health of children. Given the data provided by the research and analyzed for evaluating the result of the control carried out in the country, the conclusion that the prohibition by advertising directed at children is the most appropriate interpretation for the device inserted in the Code of Consumer Rights and that the existence of control is not sufficient to protect the best interests of the child.

This paper presents an introduction to the study of counting problems, not just through the concepts traditionally covered in Combinatorial Analysis courses, such as the basic principles, permutations, arrangements, combinations, linear equations with unitary coe cients, among others, but also using sophisticated tools, such as the use of graphs.

This paper presents a study on functional equations, considering its relevance to the teaching of mathematics, with the ultimate goal of presenting a proposal to contribute to the improvement of teaching this topic. A summary of the history of functional equations is presented. Then, Chapter 1 consists of the study of the Cauchy Functional Equations, Chapter 2 deals with equations Jensen, Pexider, d 'Alembert. In chapter 3 we show some applications of functional equations.

This work deals with the study of the binomial developments started in the late years of Elementary School, when we deal with notable products, which is complemented in the second year of High School, from the study of Newton's Binomial. We will make a detailed study of the same, through a historical overview about the subject, properties of arithmetic triangle (Pascal's triangle / Tartaglia's), reaching the binomial theorem and, nally, some applications of these results in solving various problems, in the multinomial expanding and in the binomial series.

This study aimed to analyze the influence of the investor sentiment in explaining the returns of anomalies, in Brazilian stock market. Additionally, we analyze whether the price differences caused by investor optimism bias are different from those caused by pessimistic investors. The sample included all companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA. The data were collected in Economatica®. The calculation of returns were by monthly closing prices were used from June 2000 to June 2014 and from 1999 to 2013 annual financial data. To measure the aggregate investor sentiment index, was considered all issues of shares during the period January 1999 to June 2014 and the volume of trading and securities available in this period. The estimation of investor sentiment, was made use of multivariate technique of Principal Component Analysis to capture the common component in four different proxies for investor behavior. To check how investor sentiment relates to the deficiencies have been empirically tested with the number of returns of the portfolios of Long position, Short and Long-Short 12 anomalies-based strategies; and the sentiment index series built, and its variation from one month to the next. It was found that the measure sentiment index increased explanatory power for much of the anomalies only when included in the CAPM, but by controlling the three-factor model and four factors, the coefficient lost its statistical significance. When using the index change as an explanatory variable, there was a relationship with future returns, robust to all risk factors. Thus, it is possible to relate the investor sentiment index with returns of portfolios formed based on value anomalies. Analyzing the mean returns after periods of optimism and pessimism, there was no statistically significant values sufficient to infer a possible existence of restrictions on sales short, although much of the anomalies present the spread between the average returns after periods optimistic and pessimistic with the expected sign.

The Cartesian geometry, also called coordinate geometry, discovered by Pierre de Fermat and René Descartes, around 1636, was of great importance in mathematics, allowing study problems of Classical Geometry by algebraic methods and conversely, interpret and solve geometrically algebraic problems. The present work aims to show the use of vectors in solving problems of at and analytical geometries. The notion of vector is essential because it allows to obtain algebraic information from geometric concepts, whereas with the use of vectors geometrical demonstrations becomes simpler. In this sense, we explore the use of properties and operations with vectors in resolutions of problems of at and analytical geometries. In representations of geometric gures and graphics we use GeoGebra program.

The main objective of this work is showing the importance of systems axiomatic in mathematics. We will study some classic axioms, their equivalence and we will see some applications of them.

The dissertation is a reading on the school Geography Hilton Sette and Manuel Correia de Andrade aims to discuss the teaching of geography from the first authors of textbooks and the Northeast Hilton Sette Manuel Correia de Andrade. These manuals were published in the 1950s, in a social and educational context in which it is thought new directions for education in Brazil. We began the first chapter of this work, defending the idea of school textbooks as historical documents, for both did research on work by leading scholars of the textbook issue and brought its main contributions. Even this first stage of the thesis, we emphasize the importance of textbooks to the understanding of school subjects. The reading marks, left by students who studied with school books Sette Hilton and Manuel Correia de Andrade were also significant for the study of the methodology applied by teachers in the period that the books were used. We also performed a thorough analysis in textbooks of other authors of geography, such as: Aroldo de Azevedo, Moses Gicovate, Renato Stempniewski in partnership with Eli Piccolo, and Geraldo Sampaio de Souza with Jose Armando Sampaio de Souza, published in the same time cutting it the textbooks on the Sette Hilton and Manuel Correia de Andrade. The second chapter on geography and school manuals Sette Hilton and Manuel Correia de Andrade, we propose a brief history of the discipline in which, on occasion, we treat the configuration of secondary education in Brazil during the 1950s. The scientific debates on contemporary textbooks Sette Hilton and Manuel Correia de Andrade, likewise, were part of the composition of this text. In the last chapter, discussing, specifically, the teaching of geography from the content of textbooks in the authors' study as well as school culture that involve education in the period in which the authors Sette Hilton and Manuel Correia de Andrade were in classroom teaching Geography in schools in the state of Pernambuco.

In this work we make a study of the theory of the metric spaces in order to present the Banach Fixed Point Theorem? and then, it is applied in the solution of some nonlinear equations with an iterative method for obtaining a solution. After that, three applications of the Banach Fixed Point Theorem are presented. The rst one is the Theorem of the Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions of Ordinary Di erential Equations. The second one has as theme the application of the Banach Fixed Point Theorem in the area of compression images on the Internet. In the third application, it is presented how the Google searcher works and what is the cause of its success.

This paper presents a new way of discussing concepts involving function, a ne function and quadratic function. Through simple activities with the use of blocks of cubes, and the multiplane software such as GeoGebra, students will move from a passive position, as simple listener, the active member of the teaching-learning process, enabling them to acquire a broader notion the concept of function and apply it later in solving problems in school and in their daily lives. Besides these diversi ed activities, topics that are usually not given prominence in most books of high school such that the analysis of the canonical form of the quadratic function and the theorem of characterization of a ne function will play an important role in developing what is expected of students about this important area of mathematics. All activities were conducted with 1st grade students of high school Natalicia Maria Figueiroa da Silva, located in the city of Surubim, in the state of Pernambuco.

In this thesis, we will see theories and problems of linear recurrences. We start with recurrences of rst and second order, some applications and then we see some generalizations to higher order. We also studied operators and generators functions to represent recursion and applications of the Arithmetic recurrences.

The purpose of this work is to present a special category of integers: Prime numbers. It will be presented a historical retrospective, quoting the most important and interesting results achieved by great mathematicians over the years. Then, most of these results will be formally announced with propositions or theorems and their respective demonstrations, starting with the basic properties of divisibility and cul- minating in some primality tests.

The theme that sometimes we study A Historical Analysis of the Development and Use of Materials Probability concrete For your Teaching demand, considering the wealth of options, prioritize research with concrete materials and easy access to the student and the teacher. So we did a brief history of the origin and theories necessary for the calculation of probability applications involving gambling with coins, dice and playing cards, thus leading to a more concrete and useful way for meaningful student learning.

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent and economically costly in the context of mental disorders, yet they are among the most commonly underdiagnosed and undertreated. Anxiety in its "natural" way, is considered as a normal emotional reaction in people's lives, serving as protective action, while in his pathological presentation, is characterized by a feeling of persistent concern that hinders the ability of the individual relax . This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single dose and multiple doses (500 mg) of the encapsulated dry extract of the whole plant Passiflora incarnata L. on anxiety in humans. The study is characterized as clinical trial, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Placebo or Experimental, n = 30, single dose and placebo or experimental, n = 15, multiple doses. The experimental human anxiety was induced by simulated public speaking test in the following phases: Basal (B), stressful (A), speech 1 (S1), speech 2 (S2) and Final (F); evaluated by through physiological measurements (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, Electrical skin conductance and extremities temperature and psychological (State-trait anxiety inventory). In the design of single administration, the physiological and psychological parameters were compared between the placebo and experimental groups by test t (Student) or nonparametric corresponding (Mann-Whitney U). Between phases of each group for these same parameters we used the repeated measures ANOVA of a factor, with post hoc Bonferroni or nonparametric corresponding (Friedman ANOVA) with post hoc Dunn's. We adopted the significance level of 5% (P <0.05). During the single administration in relation to physiological parameters HR was increased in stressful phase (78 ± 3.0 bpm) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (68 ± 3.0 bpm) (p <0.05), however decreased throughout the speech (92 ± 3.0 to 80 ± 2.0 bpm and 86 ± 2.2 to 74 ± 3.0 bpm, S1 and S2, respectively) in the experimental group compared to the placebo group (p <0.05); psychological measures have not changed. In the design of multiple doses, SBP was reduced in mmHg, in the experimental group compared to the placebo group during all phases. Experimental: 106 ± 1.0 (B) 111 ± 1.0 (A) 121 ± 2.0 (S1) 115 ± 3 (S2) 104 ± 2.0 (F) and Placebo: 121 ± 3 0; 127 ± 3.0; 130 ± 3.0; 130 ± 4.5; 117 ± 3.0 (p <0.05). Between phases in the experimental group there was a reduction in TE in phase F (29.7 ± 0.7 ° C) in relation to the phases A (30.5 ± 0.5 ° C) and S1 (30.6 ± 0 6 ° C). In the experimental group there was a reduction of STAI scores during the second part of speech (42 (39-44 points)) and phase F (41 (40-45 points)) in relation to the baseline phase (45 (42-48 points )). It is suggested that supplementation using Passiflora incarnata L. capsules (500 mg) cardiovascular signals decreased in both single dose and multiple doses, associated with the stress of public speaking.

The Non-Formal Environmental Education aims at the sensitization of the communities regarding the environmental problems, seeking the restoration of the harmonious relation between humans and the environment. Among the social groups, there are farming communities that, in the rural settlement areas, wage the food production based on the family agriculture. Nonetheless, many communities use in their crops chemical substances to the soil fertilization and pest control. These practices intend to increase the food production in a fewer time. However, these substances may be accumulated on the environment and on the body of the farmers, causing damages, not only environmental, but also to the quality of life of these people. As an alternative to this model, the agro-ecological food production is focused on maintaining productivity in the agricultural areas (with managements based on natural products), on gains in quality of life of the farmers and their families, joining conservation of local natural resources and appreciation of the economy and grown products. This study was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the way and the management of the predominant agricultural production in a rural settlement, as well as the type of conservation and use of local natural resources. The settlement Oiteiro de Miranda is located in the city of Lucena, Paraíba State, with an area of 668 ha and with 82 allotments for 82 families. In this area there are approximately 94.7ha of Legal Reserve of Atlantic Forest, distributed in 16 parts. The research was qualitative, with the use of Ethnographic method, Non-participant observation techniques, interviews with a semi-structured map, and there was a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the data’s content. From the results, actions for sensitization to 50% of the farmers and their family members, who live in the settlement, were planned and carried out, with the aim of making them multipliers. For these actions, there were 13 eco-pedagogical workshops for children and youth and 4 dialogical lectures for adults. The results showed that the predominant management pattern is the traditional one, which uses chemicals in agriculture, and also that there is a resistance to adopt new agro-ecological production models, which is confirmed by the lack of knowledge about this type of management. Part of the population affirmed that they visit and use local natural resources, including those in the areas of Legal Reserve. Socially, it was noticed a disunity among the settlers. The lack of greater propagation of the project and of the actions developed in the settlement, beyond the individual disinterest, made the information processes, the awareness and multiplication of new knowledge among the settlers difficult. This study showed that farmers need a leadership that may unite, stimulate and encourage them to engage them in new changes towards agro-ecological model of agricultural production, to break the paradigm of resistance and making new food production practices. These changes would lead to the conservation of local natural resources and the harmonious coexistence with the environment, to the improvements in the quality of food produced in the settlement and, thus, to the increasing of the quality of their social and environmental life.

The cult of the Holy Jurema is a knowledge tradition resulting from the connection of different cultural flows, coming from a ritualistic practice where its subjects work with creativity and fluidity. By organizing a dynamic and complex world, they have privileged places that express their cosmological universe which are called Cities of Jurema. These ‘cities’ refer to the spirits of its masters named “juremeiros” in where the city of Alhandra, located in the state of Paraiba, Brazil, concentrates these manifestations at a regional level. It also includes an idea of its total spiritual knowledge, the science of Jurema, which is operated by scientists – people with public acknowledge within the cult – and are applied in physical and spiritual healing. This is called by the “juremeiros” as a work of science, a tradition which is composed by a number of subjects that have been printed their legacy in the local collective memory. This work aims to conduct an ethnographic of narratives from the memories of one of these religious spaces – the City of Master Jardecilha. This place is directly associated with this important master “juremeira” and her religious practices. Even though she is not alive, this place still concentrates the memories of “juremeiros” and it is replete of multiple affectivities. Thus, this research aims to cover part of the life story of Master Jardecilha, investigating the dynamics of her spiritual work. Besides, it also analyses her influence as a religious leadership in the region, and the subjective representations of this place where she used to performed her spiritual works throughout the briefs of people who have experienced it in some way. In addiction to that, it opens to the possibility of studying the native category of science that is constantly evoked by “juremeiros” as the conjunction of all their knowledge, presented as a central element between themselves. Therefore, the methodology developed in this research was based on the literature, the participant observation and thematic interviews, not only in the life story of Master Jardecilha, but also about the science of Jurema. This approach was chosen in order to have the most diverse overview as possible from the “juremeiros”, due to the currently changes taking place nowadays in this religious field in the municipality, which is considered the “city of Jurema”.

This study assumes that music and sociability are interconnected, with an exchange between them, intercommunication. The author seeks to understand how a forró band in evidence today, “Wesley Safadão and Garota Safada” (re)interpret the affective-sexual relations in how they represent sex and romance in contemporary Northeastern-Brazil society. To do so, different facets of forró must be understood, which, besides music, involves dance, spaces of socialization, and a context of production and performativity peculiar to the interaction of the show/event. It is noticed that many authors have turned their attention to this cultural product, raising criticism about its content and its quality, and generating tension in the music market, as well as in the academic field, with different perspectives on electronic forró. Making use of participant observation, this band´s show experience reviews particularities, involving a public circuit of forró and different ways of “enjoying” and relating to others, considering both the festive sociability and the message of the music. Through content analysis of two DVDs of the band (“Uma Nova História”, 2012; “Garota Vip”, 2013), affective-sexual relations were identified in nuances of “Enjoying, Picking, Letting-go”. The lyrics represent such relations and recurring elements could be identified, highlighting trends and themes reinforced during the shows as shared ideas, and recognized by the audience, for whom the process “enjoy/pick/let-go” reflects their perspective of affective and sexual relations idealized or experienced at the events and/or in daily life. Keywords: Events. Forró. Relations. Gender.This study assumes that music and sociability are interconnected, with an exchange between them, intercommunication. The author seeks to understand how a forró band in evidence today, “Wesley Safadão and Garota Safada” (re)interpret the affective-sexual relations in how they represent sex and romance in contemporary Northeastern-Brazil society. To do so, different facets of forró must be understood, which, besides music, involves dance, spaces of socialization, and a context of production and performativity peculiar to the interaction of the show/event. It is noticed that many authors have turned their attention to this cultural product, raising criticism about its content and its quality, and generating tension in the music market, as well as in the academic field, with different perspectives on electronic forró. Making use of participant observation, this band´s show experience reviews particularities, involving a public circuit of forró and different ways of “enjoying” and relating to others, considering both the festive sociability and the message of the music. Through content analysis of two DVDs of the band (“Uma Nova História”, 2012; “Garota Vip”, 2013), affective-sexual relations were identified in nuances of “Enjoying, Picking, Letting-go”. The lyrics represent such relations and recurring elements could be identified, highlighting trends and themes reinforced during the shows as shared ideas, and recognized by the audience, for whom the process “enjoy/pick/let-go” reflects their perspective of affective and sexual relations idealized or experienced at the events and/or in daily life.

This research starts with a reflection on the draft decree no 3.551 establishing the record of cultural immaterial nature of the Brazilian cultural patrimony and that, somehow, it has been extending the meaning of the patrimony category. So, this dissertation investigated the construction process of the social reality of what comes to be constituted and defined as significant cultural patrimony, having as reference the processes for grabs control of the area around the historic center of Fortaleza-CE. It took specifically as empirical field for anthropological analysis and understanding the case of residents Poço da Draga who have resided in the neighborhood Centro for over 70 years. The category of patrimony here is thought ethnologically with reference to the views of residents, their uses and their narratives in the space the neighborhood Centro.This research starts with a reflection on the draft decree no 3.551 establishing the record of cultural immaterial nature of the Brazilian cultural patrimony and that, somehow, it has been extending the meaning of the patrimony category. So, this dissertation investigated the construction process of the social reality of what comes to be constituted and defined as significant cultural patrimony, having as reference the processes for grabs control of the area around the historic center of Fortaleza-CE. It took specifically as empirical field for anthropological analysis and understanding the case of residents Poço da Draga who have resided in the neighborhood Centro for over 70 years. The category of patrimony here is thought ethnologically with reference to the views of residents, their uses and their narratives in the space the neighborhood Centro.

Sea turtles have a long history of human exploitation around the world who have contributed to the population decline of the species, along with other threats, especially the accidental capture by various types of fishing. Ethnobiological research can provide important information to understand the context of exploitation / interaction of these animals to people. The research was conducted with the localized fishing communities in the Penha Beach and Estuary Mamanguape River (ERM). Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire and semi-structured and free interviews. The questionnaire elicited socioeconomic data on the fishing techniques used, the fishermen's knowledge about sea turtles, incidental capture of events involving these animals and a projective test, with illustrations of the species. Were prepared Local Ecological Knowledge Indicators (LEK) and Conservation Attitudes for fishermen. Our results show that the incidental capture of sea turtles is mainly related to gill net technique. In this technique, large nets catch more turtles accidentally. Recommendations to reduce the incidental capture and mortality of sea turtles are presented. Respondents fishermen recognize the different species of sea turtles that occur in the studied areas. The fishermen showed high ecological knowledge about sea turtles, demonstrated by high values in CEL indicator. The results show that knowledge is not evenly distributed among the fishermen of each community, there are experts in the field at each site. The Conservation Attitudes indicator showed a high predisposition to conservation in the two communities. Were also discussed food taboos, medicinal and traditional use of sea turtles.

In this work we study the principle of the Deductive and Experimental Geometry trated in the High School. We begin the work with a set of axioms of the Plane Geometry, and we follows the work studing some topics of the Spacial Geometry. To illustrate some definitions and results ao long of the work, some solids are constructed with paperboard, straw and etc.