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Ce travail vise à trouver le style de la poésie du poète populaire Patativa Assaré, plus précisément, le livre Cante lá que eu canto cá: filosofia de um trovador nordestino (Chante là que je chante ici: philosophie d‟un troubadour du nord-est), publié pour la première fois en 1978. Le défi était s‟engager dans les charmes de l‟être (donc) au nord-est à travers du regard extrait des déclarations des poèmes dans ce livre et, avec celà, vérifier comment le auteur créateur répondit axiologicamente aux événements, celui-là façon ou une autre, si se enlaçaient dans sa lyre. À cette fin, nous avons opté pour l‟orientation de la théorie dialogique du Cercle de Bakhtin, comme des lectures de oeuvres de Volochínov; Bakhtin (2011), Voloshinov (1981), Medvedev (2012) et Bakhtin (2009, 2010), ainsi que les textes de la bakhtinistas Sobral (2009), Brait (2007, 2010) entre autres. L‟accent s‟est porté sur la notion de style, cependant, tout d‟abord, il est guidé pour la façon dialogique de voir la langue toujours dans la perspective de l‟interaction sociale et compte tenu de ses composantes historiques, culturels et idéologiques, essayer d‟observer la langue toujours de façon concrète et vivante. On a opté pour la méthodologie à suivre les sentiers des genres de discours qui constituent le fil conducteur de la recherche. Puis, porté une attention particulière sur la notion d‟énonciation concrète et ensuite a organisé le cours qui fait un retour aux études classiques sur le style, par l‟intermédiaire de Bally (1913), Guiraud (1970), Martins (1989), entre autres, de comprendre plus tard comment ce concept a été et est étudié dans les abordages traditionaliste. Enfin, il a été traité la notion du style compris dans la perspective dialogique et, depuis, a été menée une analyse des énoncés des travaux mentionnés ci-dessus, qui a permis à la conclusion que la poésie de Patativa do Assaré est marquée par des choix stylistiques expressives ancrées dans les valeurs socio-culturelles de son peuple, c‟est-à-dire, le style de sa poésie est située sur la subtile frontière entre la langue, l‟art et la vie.

This work is inserted in a convergence area among Translation Studies, Critical Discourse Analysis and Representation of Social Actors, as the representation of social actors in journalistic texts written in Portuguese and in English are analyzed. Texts about the demonstrations that took place in Brazil in June 2013, originally written in Portuguese and in English are analyzed, setting up what Tagnin (2004) considers a bilingual comparable corpus. The theoretical foundation used for the analysis is the Theory of Representation of Social Actors, introduced by van Leeuwen (1997), which is derived from the Systemic Functional Linguistics. The Theory of Representation of Social Actors introduces a sociosemantic inventory to investigate the representation of participants of social practices. To perform the analysis, the social actors who, somehow, have actively participated or supported the social practice known as Manifestations in Brazil are called Manifestantes; and the social actors who, somehow, have helped to contain this movement are called Agentes Públicos. Using the Corpus Linguistics tools, corpus has been annotated in order to identify how these social actors were excluded or included in the analyzed texts. The results indicate that in addition to making use of distinct linguistic elements to refer to the social actors in both languages, the texts analyzed in Portuguese and English seem to emphasize different cuts of the same social practice. This dissimilarity in the way of re-contextualizing the same event or social practice brings up questions about the discursive aspects regarding journalistic texts in the language pair analyzed in this work. From this analysis, it is pointed out how much and in which ways the different manners to re-contextualize the same event can build different meanings in the two linguistic systems.

Considering that the official documents, PCN (1997), PCNEM (2000), PCN + (2002) and OCEM (2006), not clearly prescribe under which argumentative perspective (if rhetorical or linguistic) the teacher should work, this research took as its starting point the assertion that the Portuguese language textbooks tend to approach a more rhetorical aspect about argumentation. In addition, we started with the assumption that the linguistic aspects, according to the Theory of Argumentation within Language, developed by Oswald Ducrot (1987, 1988) and collaborators, may be relevantly designed and used in the classroom. As it is a qualitative-interpretative research of documentary and exploratory scope, we hope to contribute to linguistic researches, with a theoretical approach in studies of genres and the Semantic Argumentative as well as the analysis of textbooks, in order to identify if and how the rhetorical and semantic-argumentative strategies and resources support the activities concerning the argumentation proposed by four collections of Portuguese language textbooks, evaluated by the National Textbook Program (PNLD, 2012), adopted in ten public high schools in the city of João Pessoa, PB. In this sense, according to seven categories of analysis (four for rhetoric argumentation and three for linguistic argumentation), it was intended to check which conception the textbook authors used when preparing their activities about argumentative strategies based on two genres: opinion article and argumentative letter. During the research, we tried to make it clear that both rhetorical (ARISTOTLE, 2005; PERELMAN, 1999) and linguistic (DUCROT, 1987, 1988) aspects should be worked simultaneously in mother tongue classes. In addition to the description and analysis of the activities of textbooks, we proposed, as a suggestion and reflection, in the final chapter, two complementary activities in accordance to Linguistic Analysis in an attempt to show the need of working the argumentative strategies within the classroom and try to bridge the gap between what is prescribed in the official documents and what is actually taught to students. We based the analysis with the theoretical support of Aristotle (2005), Perelman (1999) Ducrot (1987, 1988, 2009), Nascimento (2005, 2009, 2012), Koch (2000, 2003, 2004, 2011), Espíndola (1998, 2004), Cabral (2010), Marcucshi (2002, 2003, 2008), Geraldi (1984), among others.

This work aims to investigate how Brazilian learners of English use the structural information during the resolution of coreference in sentences containing the ambiguous pronoun her in a position of object (NP) or possessive pronoun (SPEC). In English, in an intrasentencial context the pronoun her can generate ambiguity during processing if its unavailable antecedent matches in number and gender, however, the same pronoun is blocked by the principle B of Binding Theory (Chomsky, 1981). We investigate this phenomenon considering aspects of the Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH) Clahsen and Felser (2006). According to this hypothesis, L2 learners have a shallower grammar which is able to only successfully process unambiguous structures with low complexity. Through an on-line experiment of self-paced reading we verified if English learners at different levels of proficiency, were sensitive to the syntactic ambiguity of sentences containing the pronoun her, even though according to SSH their processing is more superficial.

The main goal of this research is to investigate the role that tools play in the professional genre that is typical of the activity of beginning teachers as represented during the discursive activity fostered by the Instruction to the Double. This discussion aims at understanding the development of these teachers regarding the representations about the tools which are specific to teaching work. This study finds its theoretical support in the Sociodiscursive Interactionism proposals (BRONCKART, 1999; 2008a) – area that assigns to language a fundamental role in the constitution and the functioning of human psychic functions – and the Work Sciences, particularly the Clinic of Activity (CLOT, 2007; 2010) – which contributes to the understanding of teaching activity as work. The notion of development is built based on the works of Vygotsky (1997c; 2007; 2009), as complemented by Bronckart (2008c; 2013). Likewise, the definition of teaching tools goes through the analysis of Rabardel’s (1995) proposal concerning the Instrumental Theory and it proposes a functional perspective that considers action as the founder element. The data generation process of this interpretative and participant research was carried out through the device called Instruction to the Double, conducted with three beginning teachers – Taylor, Lina and Celestin – during their first year of activity as Foreign Language teachers. These teachers participated, during one academic year, in 19 sessions performed between the researcher/double and the beginning teacher/instructor, all of them complemented by comments written by the teachers as a response to the face to face interaction. Data analysis took into consideration the notion of textual architecture, as stated by Bronckart (2008c), focusing on the identification of Action Figures (BULEA, 2010) and tools functions in the activity represented by teachers. Main results point to the identification of tools that are typical to the work of these beginning teachers and to the (re)significations attributed to them during the process of activity analysis promoted by the Instruction to the Double. These outcomes lead to the perception of linguistic and textual aspects that may be identified as evidence of development. Thereby, experience building is characterized, following these discussions, as a movement that may be identified in the texts and that is based on singular experiences permeated by conflicts originated from subjective and collective aspects.

This dissertation aims to analyze how Stress Clash - a phenomenon in which two syllables bearing primary stress are adjacent in different words forming a phonological phrase such as [maRÉ BRAva] (high tide) produced during the phonetic realization of English as a second language by native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and what strategies are used to solve these clashes. The aim of this dissertation is also to show, from database and acoustic analysis as well as autosegmental fonology, that the rhythm of Brazilian Portuguese causes interference / influence when the speaker of BP as mother-tongue speaks English and such that, if we analyze pronunciation and fluency in English as second language, we must give emphasis to the rhythmic aspects of the language. As a bottom line, we shall set parameters in which the concepts and postulates about pronunciation and acquisition of phoneticphonological aspects of English we need to rely upon. Stress clash, both in English and Brazilian Portuguese, is mostly solved by native speakers of BP through the so-called Silent demibeat strategy regardless of syntactic or prosodic uniformity factors as well as phonological re-operationalization such as assimilation; resyllabification and other sandhi processes. These processes characterize phonological interference or influence from the rhythm of BP in the realization of post-lexical events in English what defines therefore a dichotomy between rhythmic features of these two languages. Data of five informants - three Brazilians and two Americans - were recorded for acoustic analysis. In the preparation of our corpus, it was created a narrative text in English, ten assertive sentences in English and ten in Portuguese. This corpus was read by the informants and analyzed under PRAAT free software in order to obtain values for duration, pitch and amplitude parameters. The results show that, unlike the Americans, there is no favoring to stress retraction from Brazilian speakers when facing stress clash environment - either in the phonological phrases in English or Portuguese - but rather, pause insertion for the preservation of the principle of euphonic rhythmic type that is Brazilian Portuguese inserted in. Our data also point to a strong influence of American English in the production of BP as second language with respect to the stress clash resolution strategies, at which, contrary to the trend of the BP, Americans use the strategy of stress retraction.

This research will show what are the sense effects produced by figures of speech in advertisement gender. Considering that, the figures of speech are more studied in literature and there are not many works about this theme found in discursive field, we try to develop a research that allow to see the importance of the figures of speech to the sense production of the discourse, especially, in advertisement gender. We used as theoretical reference, the works developed by researchers of the discursive area based on Bakhtin, like Beth Brait (2006), CristovãoTezza (2001), Augusto Ponzio (2009) and others researchers that agree with Bakhtin’s idea. As theoretical category we will use the notion of enunciate, discursive gender, stile and polyphony proposed by Bakhtin (2010), as well as the conception of the ideological sign proposed by Voloshinov (1997). For that, we try to show the discursive character of the phenomenon above mentioned, for that, we did a theoretical journey in Bakhtin’s study about the conception of language, dialogic, enunciate, ideological sign, polyphony, discursive gender and stile. This is a bibliographic, explanatory and documental research, and is about the analysis of the sense produced by the figures of speech in advertisement gender, this theme also embrace the analysis of linguistic phenomenon and no linguistic, like, metaphors, metonymy, personification, images, colors and extra verbal elements, like, the position of readers/ consumer and producer/author in relation of the announced advertisement and the situational context. We tried to show, with this research, that the meaning are built in a social and historical way, and when we analyzed them through the enunciatively-discursive prism, we can see multiple meanings that are only possible to be revealing when we consider the extraverbal elements ( Visual elements, social and historical context and the subjects that are involved in the discourse), because the word, does not bring itself the expressive cargo and, when people doing a structural analysis, they do not consider the most important part of the enunciate that promotes the sense effects.

It being understood that the subjects inserted in a society of speeches increasingly ephemeral, submissive liquidity of postmodernity, find in the practice of tattooing a return place to yourself,the general objective of this thesis is to analyze how the tattooed subject is constituted and how he is produced in the Inked Magazine in the period from 2010 to 2012. This problematic isanchored on the following question: why the subjects inserted in a society of speeches, which dissolve faster than the time it takes to mold them, mark their bodies with tattoos that will accompany them for a lifetime? Do these subjects, at all the moment disciplined, standardized by social control mechanisms, areable by self to subjective the practice of tattooing? To answering such questions, It analyzes a corpus of utterances with syncretic materiality (verb-visual) in nine covers of Inked and in some sections of the magazine, linking them to other materiality that enter, interdiscursively, inside the archive in purpose to discuss how the games of truth are produced that, subtly, teach and propose the subject ways of behaving. Methodologically, this research is characterized as documentary and bibliographic, of descriptive and interpretative character. It subsidizes the analyses on the theoretical reference of Discourse Analysis, in particular that support in arch genealogical Foucault study around the constitution of the subject, who are affected by the relations of power-knowledge. Moreover, it is guided in the contributions of the fields of Historical Semiology, with Jean-Jacques Courtine, as well as at the field of Sociology, especially with Zygmunt Bauman ideas and still it refers to the field of Cultural Studies to discuss the issue of identity in a socio-cultural and discursive perspective and the practice of tattooing in the media. This media acting as an institution that fixes, keeps and give a new meaning to the identities. The results show that the modes of objectification/ subjectivation of tattooed in the magazine that is on the agenda are produced for several tecnology of the self and that them are crossed by official discourses and ratified by the discursive practices of biotechnologies directed to the body. This discoursivity, without repressive connotation, opens each more time space for pratices of freedom and self-goverment in processes of subjectivation of the tattooed at contemporanity.

This work investigates the construction of authorship in final course monographs of Letras major based on reported speech schemes. To do this, we follow enunciative postulates, more precisely, from The Bakhtin Circle and dialoguing with studies under Dialogic Theory/Analysis of Speech, among them, Faraco (2005); Amorim (2006); Brait (2006); Francelino (2007; 2011); Cunha (2008); Fiorin (2008); Grillo (2010); Sobral (2012; 2013); Aran (2014), and also Discourse Analysis studies, more precisely, Orlandi (2000; 2001); Tfouni (2006); Possenti (2001; 2009; 2013). Methodologically, this research is characterized as documentary and bibliographic with a descriptive and interpretative character. The corpus consists of five monographs produced by Lettras students. Specifically, the research aims to: (i) identify and describe linguistic, discursive and enunciative schemes of another's speech transmission employed in the monographic genre; (ii) to discuss issues arising from speech schemes that shape the authorship in the construction of meanings on the monographic genre. According to our analysis, another's speech incorporation schemes establish the authorship from the following aspects: (1) the author manages consonant and dissonant voices that are involved in their enunciation; (2) the author creates borders establishing an alternation between the reported speech and the speech that is reporting; (3) the author infiltrates his/her expressive-evaluative tone in another‟s speech; (4) the author places the discourse of the other as a parameter/basis for evaluate a particular event. The schemes to seize and transmission anothers's speech are ways in which language indicates the impressions of another's speech and marks the subjectivity of the speaker. Thus, monograph genre is like a stage in which, voices, style, compositional structure and objectal-semantic content is built from the meeting between speeches. That is, in building the theme, the speaker-author mobilizes anothers‟s speeches which he/she replies, agrees, polemicizes, etc...

This research investigates the manner of how a defensive lawyer, in the Court, evaluates the social auditorium as well as how this evaluation stablishes the language style used for creating an entry-conscience into the jury. From this perspective, the objective of this study is to verify, in the criminal defense, how the defense lawyer’s discourse is influenced by the social auditorium. Thus, to support the research, they were used the theoretical-methodological bases of Dialogical Theory of Language (DTL) established by Bakhtin’s Circle, Voloshinov ([1976]); Voloshinov ([2005]); Bakhtin/Volochínov (2009); Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011, 2012). To explain and interpret the facts they were used the principles of the qualitative-interpretative research. The corpus is consisted of one (01) criminal defense that happened in Court of Guarabira-PB town. The choice of the criminal defense was carried out due to the possibilities of evaluative intonations that were found in the lawyer’s defensive discourse. In the sample they could be stablished seven (07) categories of evaluative intonations. The analyses have evidenced that, from the evaluative intonations, the lawyer uses some discursive strategies established by a language style characterized of subjective constitution.

There are studies about reading and writing, as well as official documents that rule the Basic Education in Brazil, which emphasize the importance of working these skills in classroom, in order to guarantee to the students/subjects the full exercise of citizenship. This way, the role of school must be to foment the writing production of its students, enlarging the communicative competence of them, in accordance to the National Curricular Parameters of the Portuguese Language (1998). In this perspective, the work with didactic sequences, according to the model presented by Dolz, Noverraz and Scheneuwly (2004), is showed as very promising because, by means of teaching modules, it is possible to work, punctually, the difficulties presented by the students by occasion of the initial production of the textual genre under study. On the above, the present research aims to evaluate the contributions of using of a didactic sequence, from the news genre, in the process of writing production of students of the seventh grade of Elementary School in a public school in Santa Rita/PB, situated in the metropolitan region of João Pessoa. In addition, it is a qualitative and interventionist research. Based on the conception of genre (BAKHTIN, 2011), as well as on the contributions of researchers, such as: Bezerra (2010), Dolz (2004), Marcuschi (2008, 2010), Noverraz (2004), Schneuwly (2004), all related to this theme, the application of this procedure was developed by the observation of the interactional aspects mobilized by the students who participated of the research to achieve their communicative objectives. Furthermore, the present research also aimed to observe the effects of this didactic sequence in the writing production of these subjects, in order to enable them to develop skills that transcend the studied genre and that could be transferred by other textual genres which belong to the same discursive domain. It is important to emphasize that the writing production tasks of the textual genre were prepared to a real objective of interaction and not only as a writing task in school ambit. The presented results demonstrate that a writing task based on the quotidian of students can be enlarged from a known textual genre. This way, it is achieved the improvement of discursive skills and it also stimulates a bigger interest by the involved subjects in the process.

Qualitative study with a descriptive and interventionist nature, also classified as an action research developed within the teaching practice. We aimed at developing a literacy project carried out with a group of 24 students from the 9th grade in a public school of Campina Grande. It started from the assumption that the participating students were immature regarding the television media, so we wanted to contribute for the formation of more critical readers, acting with the perspective of the social use of reading and writing. Therefore, we proposed the discussion and the production of two television news programs of different profiles, based on local TV news of greatest interest from the participating students, namely: "JPB", aired by Paraíba TV, an affiliate of Rede Globo; "A Patrulha da Cidade" aired by Borborema TV, SBT affiliate; and "Correio Verdade", aired by Correio TV, Rede Record affiliated. The study was based on authors such as Fischer (2006), Prado (2005), Setton (2011), Tinoco (2008) and Belloni (2012), involving field discussions of media-education and the pedagogy of projects, specifically literacy projects, considering the need of approaching the subject in schools and the range of utilization possibilities that favor the construction of knowledge related to students’ experience inside and outside the school environment. As a result, it is possible to do the following highlights: 1) students involved have shown progress in looking at the television, questioning the content presented by it, understanding the messages conveyed, from a different perspective, questioning the impartiality, the objectives, the target audience and the language used by the programs, paying attention to the interests of each; 2) the teacher is an indispensable professional in the intermediation of the learning process, with the use of media; 3) media-education is a valid choice when one intends to promote learning situations based on the actual use of reading and writing, i.e., with and through the use of literacy projects. The work with media-education is becoming more popular in classrooms, but much remains to be done, if the goal is to make sense of learning beyond the school environment.

From an analytical perspective is that this study aims to identify the pedagogical conceptions and practices of science teachers in relation to environmental education in elementary school, bringing out their respective speeches the possible contributions of science teaching to an awareness regarding socio-environmental issues. For both, participated in this research Science teachers of elementary school, 6th to 9th grades of municipal Joao Pessoa in Paraiba. In this perspective, training and pedagogical practice of science teachers, with special attention to environmental issues were rescued. It is easy to see that many of the teachers who participated in the survey emphasize the environment as nature, where you live and where resources are extracted, thus portrays the environment in an anthropocentric view, the origin of which gave the humanistic anthropocentric ethics and in Cartesian thought, which places the man out of the natural environment. In most of the answers, conceptions of Environmental Education teachers based on concepts or information that commonly present themselves disconnected from a work proposal that contributes to the formation of critical citizens, able to build knowledge through changing values and an ethical stance on environmental issues. The analysis and interpretation of the results showed that environmental education will be effectively treated with the importance it deserves when we reach, as science teachers, constantly renewed understanding and awareness of the interdisciplinary relationships of the various fields of knowledge. This requires commitment to always reflect on our conceptions, attitudes and teaching practices in the classroom.

This work is motivated by the concern expressed by educators with the use of technology in education in the context of environmental education, when the Brazilian reality is black majority in the classroom of public education. Your goal is to investigate the potential of Learning Object reuse for the study of the environment in a critical approach, paying attention to the occurrence of the practice of environmental racism. In this sense, we sought to understand the reasons which led to environmental education as a topic to be addressed in Brazilian education, reflecting on the environmental education in the postmodern scenario and its specificity in dealing with issues that affect the majority of black people. The following is the identification of learning objects available for the study of the environment, so that it is feasible to point out the learning object features in the reuse potential is satisfactory and meets the issues related to teaching and learning processes, including Join the black population. The research is characterized as applied, qualitative and exploratory. The applied technical procedure was the content analysis. How locus, the International Bank of Educational Objects was elected (BIOE) as Learning Object search field (OA) focused on the study of the environment. It was concluded that the critical study of perspective of the environment can be achieved with the use of OA with a greater degree of reuse, in which it seeks, through its content, favor the approach of specific issues, such as environmental racism.

This study proposed making an analysis, based on Activity Theory of the elements from didactic activities proposed by teachers in the 5th grade of elementary school for teaching graphics and tables. In the theoretical approach, discussed it was the relevance of the content to the formation of the student of basic education, about on the National Curriculum Standards and considering elements of the Activity Theory and work of researchers at the Education of Statistics. We conducted a qualitative nature study in an analytical perspective, and the data collection was given through the use of questionnaires and interviews with teachers, as well as direct observation of their practices. The results indicate that the teacher's commitment to good quality teaching is necessary, but not sufficient. It is necessary for the teacher to master what you intend to teach and know has to select appropriate strategies to propitiate the construction of knowledge, considering the different moments that compose an activity, starting with the motivation and ending with the control. The teachers who participated in our research did not demonstrate the proper understanding of the objectives of working with graphics and tables in the classroom, either in their specificities, and in the relations between them, which compromises the quality of education on this topic. The fact that the same school has teachers who presenting practices that bear little resemblance, either in regarding the content or the students it is not to consider it as a whole, when we discuss teaching quality. We note that, since the motivation has an important role in the educational process, it is necessary that the teacher advances in his understanding of this element, considering its specificities, whether curricular, social or other nature.

This study focuses on processes of manifestation in popular intelligence resources, in order to understand them as orientation to teach and to learn, notedly in literacy of young people and adults. It is possible, through this investigation, to contribute to problematize the ways of success in these domains. This millennium, age of information and challenges driven by continuous technological, economic and cultural transformations, demands a society able to find creative solutions to the literacy problems of young people and adults which, acutely, is part of the planetary history and therefore, Brazilian history. Thus, the main focus of this work is to identify and Annalise the expressions of intelligence, in the use of Métis (a practical intelligence) of illiterate or little literate young people and adults, main subjects of this investigation, residents of the cities Pedras de Fogo in the State of Paraiba and Itambé, in Pernambuco. The basic theoretical and methodological bases is presented by authors such as Ginzburg (1989), Détienne e Vernant (2008), Freire (1992; 2011; 2013) and Gonçalves (2013). That present us guiding perspectives to an attentive, crafty and meticulous know-how, before a promising scenario to be mentally anticipated by the researcher educator in his or her search to make prosper the dialog of knowledge on what is genuine for the student in learning situations. This study shows that in order to go foward with success in the litteracy of young people and adults it is important that the educators have lucidity of what their students think and feel, about what they bring historically with themselves, how their genuine repertory of acquiring knowledge, considered valid by them in front of the difficulties of their lives experiences. It is to the educator, therefore, a smart educative practice, adjusted to the domains of a practical inteligence of the students, in a way that they walk with success in direction to the school knowledge, expanding their expectations as to the results to be achieved.

This study belongs to the field of History of Education, specifically in the context of educational institutions as well as teacher training/education. It is the result of an investigation into the State Normal School Teacher Maria do Carmo Miranda. This educational institution was the object and the locus of this work, with an emphasis on its establishment, operation as well as the profile of its students during the time frame 1986-2000. This time frame is referenced firstly, to the year of creation of the school and secondly, it takes place four years after the publication of the Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB) No. 9394/96 that caused a fervor among primary school teachers with its statement of having a Higher Education as ideal for teachers who worked in the early grades of elementary school. The main purpose of the paper was to contribute to the construction of the history of the institution which was responsible for training many teachers in the metropolitan area of João Pessoa. We therefore worked with documentary sources, for instance: school documents in the school file of the institution, besides laws, decrees, photographs, among others, as well as the literature review on the topic. Thus, we believe that the school aforementioned was very relevant for the education of many teachers, playing its role during Brazil's redemocratization period and facing several crises and changes that have occurred in the educational scenario of the country.

El tema de la inclusión de los alumnos con deficiencia en la educación superior tiene ganado realce en los últimos años, con el crecimiento de las inscripciones de estos alumnos en las instituciones de educación. Tiendo en cuenta la importancia del tema para la discusión de la inclusión en la educación superior y considerando las contribuciones que pueden aparecer con las investigaciones en esta área, fue realizada la investigación en nivel del máster con el intuito de analizar el acceso a la educación superior de personas con deficiencia, tiendo en cuenta las políticas de inclusión y los elementos sociales y educacionales notables que ayudaron en el acceso. Es una investigación cualitativa, con abordaje teórica y metodológica fundamentada en el materialismo histórico. La investigación fue realizada a partir de la análisis de las políticas del inclusión, expansión y acceso de la educación superior y de los dados del Censo da Educação Básica e Superior del Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Anísio Teixeira (INEP), además de los dados de la Superintendência de Tecnologia da Informação (STI) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB). Con los participantes de la investigación fue hecho un cuestionario para la categorización y una entrevista semi estructurada para reconocer los elementos sociales y educacionales notables en el acceso al educación superior. A partir de la análisis de los dados fue posible verificar que las políticas de expansión y acceso tiene ayudado en el crecimiento en número de alumnos con deficiencia en la educación superior, como ocurre en la UFPB, que presentó un aumento de 571% en el número de alumnos con deficiencia. A respecto de los elementos sociales y educacionales notables que ayudaron en el acceso de estudiantes con deficiencia en la UFPB, se le comprobó que la participación de la familia, amigos, compañeros de clases y maestros fue muy importante para el acceso en este nivel de educación, tiendo en cuenta que la motivación y el incentivo ayudaron los alumnos con deficiencia a vencer las barreras de la inclusión.

The main objective of this research is to understand how Genders were constructed in Paraíba, through printed discourses in the newspaper "A União", The Union, the state official organ, between the years 1913, date of publication of the conference "Woman's rights", given by educator Catharina Moura, and 1932, the year the decree 21.076 was signed by president Getúlio Vargas, who made possible the establishment of universal suffrage. There fore, the notion of "Cultural Education" is taken as a conceptual tool, since the educational field extends beyond the institutional practices. There fore, starting from the assumption that education is a social practice that is structured from what is conveyed by culture, the press is understood as one of the multiple educational institutions that contribute to the modelation of subjects and the construction of subjectivities. The gender category is recorrent in its relational sense that is considering the different powers that support the constructions of femininity and masculinity, striving to adopt a non-polarized perspective that breaks with the manichean vision of blaming men and victimization of women. Finally, the dialogue is undertaken with Michel Foucault and Michel de Certeau, concerning the disparate, heterogeneous and microinfinitesimais forms of power and discursive production present in the journal, as well as the different contours in which the resistance is manifested. Investigation is done in order to understand how certain discourses are crystallized from ordinary news and how certain truths are subjectified from everyday advertisements. However, asserting the gaps and the interstices, it is understood that, there are spaces for uprisings in political practices in our daily life.

This thesis has as its goal to investigate the discourses directed to the poor infancy education displayed in the newspaper A Imprensa between the years 1912 and 1922. Our interest is comprehend the idea of infancy, how it was educated and what the senses attributed to it by the parahybana society, clarifying the social expectations and looking for to build interfaces between the educational knowledges bound to schooling, to welfarism, to hygienism and to the moral of poor infancy. It was also investigated relations, ruptures and permanencies between the discourses directed to the poor infancy as well as the social places from where they part. As theoretical and methodological reference for this research, we adopt the so-called “Foucault tools”, mainly those that help us to comprehend the power and knowledges relations, which involve the discursive productions, and the truths transmitted in them. The analyzes point that the poor infancy, in the period from 1912 to 1922, were signified, in the discourses present in the newspaper A Imprensa through the enunciative and moral bias, the welfarism and hygienism, interpreted as essential devices for a wide formation of this subject, a condition considered primordial in order to this subject would become a civilized and productive citizen for the society. In order to reach this formation, the senses attributed to the parahybana poor infancy in the schooling discourse foresaw the State mandatory with infancy education; in the welfare discourse the centrality was the urgency of the public power to answer the charity welfare demands of the public in order to they to stay in the school; the hygienist discourse produced the helpless and sick infancy, which should be sanitized and regenerated and, finally, the moral discourse produced the indigent infancy taking as parameters the distance between the behavior standard stablished by that epoch society. They are discourses produced in the fights waged through the power, knowledge and truth relations which, at the same time that included the poor infancy, also promoted its exclusion, leaving deep marks in the way of thinking and organizing education.