RCAAP Repository

Alzheimer disease is defined by a gradual disappearance of memory and other cognitive functions. Essential information on the auditory perception of the patient, from the implementation of behavioral hearing tests, may contribute to the differential diagnosis between AD and other alterations typical of aging. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between auditory perception and Alzheimer disease. A systematic review on the subject and an empirical: two articles were developed. The final sample consisted of the systematic review of 14 articles. After this review study of selected articles, it was found that 21.42% related hearing and Alzheimer disease, pointing to the diversity of behavioral hearing tests that can be used in this population. The second article of the empirical study was attended by 18 seniors, 12 without Alzheimer disease and 6 with the disease. They were submitted to pure tone and speech audiometry and auditory processing evaluation by two behavioral tests: dichotic alternating disyllable test and the dichotic digits test. There was asymmetry of the ears both in non-competitive condition as competitive in the dichotic alternating disyllable test, and the worst results were found in the left competitive in both groups mainly on the competitive left the group with Alzheimer. It was also observed that both dichotic tests showed similar results. The use of central auditory tests can aid in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and contribute to understanding the changes that occur in central auditory function during the aging process.

Esse estudio investigó la medida practicada por el popular Programa de Acción Interdisciplinaria Comunidad con los líderes del territorio de la Zona Selva Norte del estado de Paraíba Valle Mamanguape, es una extensión que promueve la emancipación. Suponiendo, que pone de relieve la importancia de la academia en la perspectiva de desarrollar procesos emancipatórios, en esse caso el análisis de la universidad brasileña y la transformación que viene aparición de varios colegios en el país. Utilizando el método materialista dialéctico histórico, Para responder a essas mis preocupaciones. Entendiendo que las IES están en un espacio de la pluralidad de ideas, que se destacan entre las demás instituciones educativas públicas o privadas. Ellos es necesaria la construcción de una condición humana emancipatoria de la participación categorías, organización y autonomía para desarrollar las acciones de extensión del PIAC, siguiendo el marco teórico de la popular extensión (MELO NETO, 2003) en el modo de trabajo, la necesidad me ocurrió para construir medidas pedagógicas para ayudar metodológicamente, fortalecer las experiencias académicas. Como resultado, el trabajo, la creación de un nuevo campus universitario conectado a UFPB instalar Territorio Ciudadanía, y la fundación de numerosas organizaciones políticas se produce. En conclusión, me digo que la extensión popular, si se presta para construir formas emancipatorias.

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of a sound source. Occurring between 10-15% of the world population still needs better understanding of its pathophysiology, clinical comorbidities and more effective treatments. To this end, a better standardization of the use of evaluation methods in researches is required. This study aims the choice of most appropriate and easier use and interpretation methods. Initially an article in the form of a systematic review was performed in order to establish which evaluation methods of tinnitus are currently being used by scientific works. The aim of their uses was also identified. The THI, the EVA and the acuphenometry were the most used methods in 24 articles reviewed. The evaluation of therapy for tinnitus was the most frequent verified goal. A second article was performed to carry out a comparative analysis of these three methods. It was the THI, EVA (bother) and acuphenometry (loudness and pitch) in 44 patients with chronic tinnitus. A positive correlation of moderate intensity between them was found, being stronger between THI and VAS. It is concluded that the three evaluated tests keep moderate relation to each other. this should be taken into account when comparing with each other the results of different studies. The results of THI and EVA are be more strongly compared. Other future studies with more patients and more homogeneous sample can bring more contribution to the topic.

The assumptions that underlie this study are: that through ecoexperiences felt by the participants, from the everyday life, it is promoted the learning by stimulating the decision making and the responsibility, under an emancipatory perspective; that love is the emotion that constitutes the domain of actions and the emotions which define our relationship with the world and determine how we live our lives. The object of study is the Ecoexperiential Pedagogy while self-ecoteaching instrument. From this concept we defend the following thesis: "through Ecoexperiential Pedagogy, based on affective bases, it is possible to materialize an Emancipatory Environmental Education". The research had the aim to establish the epistemological and praxeological bases of the Ecoexperience Pedagogy, united with thirteen subjects, eight who was living in rural areas and five who was living in urban areas, all of them were students at Human, Social and Agrarian Sciences of UFPB, located at Bananeiras-PB, where they attended the Pedagogy, Agroecology Bachelor, Agricultural Poust High Scholl Degree and Agricultural Technical Course. The field study was developed during October 2011 and extended up to May 2013. As theoretical sources we anchored in Gutierrez & Prado’s Ecopedagogy (2008), in the Maturana’s teachings and his Biology of Love theory (2001, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011) and in the emancipatory conception of Freire (2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2013 e 2014). As this work is a social sphere research, the methodological route it was identified with the descriptive and the interpretive concept, having as support the Merleau-Ponty’s anthropological phenomenology or embodiment conception. For the obtainment data, we applied the semi-opened questionnaire in the initial and final diagnosis, the Sand Play was executed in three different moments (at the beginning, during the study and at the end). We applied nine ecoexperiences with pedagogical intervention; we developed the participative observation of the periphery type, and the field diary and photographs and audio recorder too. To the obtained dates treatment we resorted to Tamaio (2002), Sauvé (2005) and Bardin (2011), using the content analysis methodology. In view of the analyzed elements, it is formulated the synthesis: i) the Ecoexperiential Pedagogy promoted a conceptual improvement of the subjects with the emergence of one integrative and systemic vision about the elements water (an endogenous component) and earth (an exogenous element), directly involved with the making and the living in the countryside, reflecting in the change of their habits and attitudes in respect to the environment where they live; ii) the Ecoexperiential Pedagogy possibilited the identification of the “the countryside kids” with a rugged and rustic profile face of the adversities, reaffirming the idea of the live in the countryside viability through the sustainability, having as background the education, the knowledge, the academic knowledge and the knowledge of the earth, signaling to the conception of libertarian education; iii) the Ecoexperiential Pedagogy, by means of its loving spaces, stimulated the subjects to flow in front of ecoexperiences proposals, in a self-reflective and self-ecoformative process, bringing to the research an historical moment that they live, the emerging voice of struggle on earth, to the preservation its culture and source of sustenance and life. All these findings are significant to validate our proposal Ecoexperiential Pedagogy as a teaching strategy for Emancipatory Environmental Education.

This research presents the development, analysis and the results of an investigation with genre experience report, through the didactic sequence methodology, and aimed to investigate the impacts of genre experience report on the development of language skills and how it promotes the self-esteem of the students of 2nd year of adult education (high school) of state elementary school and middle in João Pessoa city, Paraíba, in the second semester of the year 2014. Specifically, this study aimed to identify and analyze the main difficulties of these students in the writing of the genre experiences reporting in relation to language skills, propose activities that could instrumentalize them to overcome these difficulties and verify the progress made in producing the report after the interventions developed in modules. From a conception of language as sociodiscursive activity and writing as social practice, our research, qualitative, descriptive and interventional had character and was configured as action research. As a theoretical basis, we adopted the theoretical assumptions of genres, developed by Bakhtin (2011 [1979]) and Bazerman (2007; 2011[2000; 2004]). For the development of didactic sequence in base the proposed Dolz, Schneuwly and Noverraz (2011 [2004]). In this study there are also significant contributions from Antonio Marcuschi (2008), Irandé Antunes (2009), Regina Celi Mendes Pereira (2012), among others. As corpus, present six textual productions of the students involved in the research. In early production, we identify the main difficulties of the students in relation to language skills. After identified the problems, we leave for intervention activities, through the modules, according to the proposal of Dolz , Schneuwly and Noverraz (2011 [2004]). After the intervention process, we found, in the final production of the students who, in general, they managed to overcome the difficulties encountered in the first production in relation to the action capabilities, discursive and linguistic-discursive. Like this, it was established as the literacy activities have expanded the language capabilities overall, while that developed the self-esteem of students.

This dissertation begins by stating the fact that the Brazilian legislators chose to criminalize the organ trade, which includes organs, tissues and other body parts, by making illegal not only the purchase, but also the sale, with disregard for the motive and personal circumstances of the seller. As a result, the seller cannot be treated as a defendant, but only as a victim As a result, the seller cannot be treated as a defendant, but only as a victim. Said that, it was considered the hypothesis that this heavy criminalization is against the principle of equality because it also affects the people who suffered exploitation as victims of organ trafficking.Said that, it was considered the hypothesis that this heavy criminalization is against the principle of equality because it also affects the people who suffered exploitation as victims of organ trafficking. In order to verify this hypothesis, not only through a legal perspective, but also through a more holistic point of view, i.e., interdisciplinary, this article was divided into three chapters: the first one gives an understanding of the fundamentals of Human Rights, such as dignity and other principles, and puts the principle of equality as a key topic for further reflexions. The organ trafficking is debated as a transnational organized crime with a focus on the organ trade, its demand and supply, and some aspects of the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Palermo Protocol) and its application in Brazil; The second chapter provides an understanding of the victimology and one of the most important theories of criminal law, through aspects of bioethics and informed consent. It was done an analysis of the Brazilian laws connected to the criminalization of the organ trade. The third and last chapter analyzes a Court case and its sentencing. This case involved 'Operação Bisturi', an investigation initiated by the Federal Police in the state of Pernambuco in 2003, and the Criminal Case number 2003.83.00.27440-0, which has indicted several people for purchase and / or sale of organs based on the Transplant Law n. 9434/1997. This case shows some peculiarities that confirm the hypotheses in this research. The methodology was based on inductive method and is still theoretical-descriptive and exploratory, qualitative, documentary and bibliographic character. In conclusion, the article finishes by stating the need for further critical analysis of the total prohibition of organ trade and for changes in the Law number 9.434/1997, specifically the removal of overly broad elements from the statute. It was suggested that statute should carry death as a result in intentional crimes, as well as mid-term conducts and the enforcement of collateral consequences of the conviction. In addition, It was suggested further jurisprudence stating the low-degree offense in the victims conducts.

Chiroptera is the second largest order of mammals, being the only representatives with the ability of flight within this class, hibernate, long live, inhabit every continent except the poles and have diverse eating habits. The populations have a dynamic behavior that changes continuously in time. Thus, the characterization of the population is of great importance for the understanding of the ecological stability, allowing for better understanding of the relationship between the species and habitat. A tool that can be used to infer about population structure is the Body Condition Index, in which the main purpose is to separate the aspects of body mass related to the size and structural aspects which reflect fat and other components of energy reserve an individual to generate information that can assist it in the management, monitoring and knowledge of the species. Already activity patterns present character determinant for the survival and reproduction of a species, that associated with eating habits, can be of great importance to understand how bats manage their resources. Thus, this study aimed to know the population structure and activity pattern of Glossophaga soricina in order to add new information and complement existing in other regions of the country.

This research's mais goal is to analyze the normatives policies that guide the Education in Human Rights on the Global, National and Regional Plan, as well as its application in the scope of Basic Education in Marista Network of Education, and how it has been worked by the teachers and the Education in Human Rights as a curricular component in Marista Pio X School. As the specific goals, it was sought to understand the fundamental aspects of Marista Network of Basic Education's history and the process of forming the Marista Institute in France and its coming to Brazil, to learn the educational-historic context of Marista Institute with the human rights actions and to investigate the associated elements to pedagogical and curricular practice of Education in Human Rights subject in Marista Pio X School. To achieve this aim, a timeline was built following the international standards, reaching the Education in Human Rights policy in Brazil. Categories of historic-educational analysis of space/time ("scholarly architecture ", territory, place, simbology), curriculum (Giroux), viable unprecendent and emancipation (Freire), transdisciplinarity (Morin) and the interculturality (Candau) were used. In this context are located the oficial documents of Marista Institute and Marista Union of Brasil - UMBRASIL, specially the Educational Project of Marista Brazil and Marista Curricular Matrix, both from 2010, important references for including Education in Human Rights as a curricular subject in Marista Network of Basic Education, reaching the central matter of this research, with a bibliographic -documental character, when the experience of EDH in Marista Pio X School will be analyzed , in João Pessoa (PB), taught at 9th grade of Fundamental School since 2012. From the propositions raised, some hypotheses were formulated: the founding documents of Marista Institute demonstrate the commitment with the defense of education right as a fundamental human right; the pedagogical and management actions developed in the scope of Marista Pio X School, before legal standards of EDH, are already present conceptions and practices substantiated in Human Rights that estimulate the citizen participation of persons under law. The relevance of the theme proposed is justified before the urgency of educating in human rights, adopting a theoretical intercultural perspective, with a critical view of the processes, curriculum and individuals. As a comparative analysis device of this research, the reference documents in the Action Plan of World Program of Education in Human Rights as well as the curricular and methodological proposal of the Inter-American Institute of Human Rights - IIDH and national policy documents were collated. Research results indicate a coeherence between EDH principles and Marista Network of Basic Education's educatives principles, and the need of progress in their socio-educational practices present in pastoral, cultural and sports activities, that experiences the dimension of education in human rights as a systematic and multidimensional process.

The present paper is the result of a bibliographic and documentary research whose main purpose consists in identify how the theater artists of the State Paraiba were struck by theatrical censorship imposed by the military dictatorship during the years 1964-1988, seeking thus contribute with the exercise of the right to memory and truth. Therefore this study deals with the relations of censorship measures with the violation of human rights looking for identify the origin that has given the censorship their policing feature and also underscores the importance to investigate the archives of repression. The text outlines a panorama of censorship legislation set in a timeline that goes from the Vargas dictatorship to the New Republic, illustrating its application with facts and records in the history of Brazilian theater. From the documentation pertaining to the acquis of National Archives that portrays the Paraiba‟s dramaturgy censored, with the use of other sources, the following paper highlights the actions of federal censorship on the work of Paraiba‟s artists, showing that this authoritarian action of military dictatorship reached forcefully Paraíba theater and its artists in the period of utmost lack of liberty of Brazilian people story.

This study analyzes the client's role in the crime of child trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation, from the perspective of multidisciplinary. This is justified by being a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, and, as determinants, policy related factors, socioeconomic, cultural, legal and psychological. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate that demand, specifically one of its components, the client (consumer demand), is a major contributor to the spread of crime of trafficking in children for sexual exploitation. It must therefore be understood in the sense of creating general prevention measures and individual crime and carry out public policies that do not focus solely on traffickers and better protect the human rights of potential victims, but also in customer conduct. For this, an analysis is made about the child trafficking crime for sexual exploitation; the body of the commercialization process, the offense in question, equating trafficking of children for sexual exploitation to a growing market process; the consequences of exploratory actions to the victim, which in addition to other losses, entails infringement of the right to dignity; existing public policies related to tackling the phenomenon; and finally, the international and domestic legislative framework relating to the theme.

The elderly population was “immune “to HIV/AIDS. However, With the emergence of drugs that return to the old man his sexual potency, Coupled with the concept of active aging, it was noted that sexual behavior had changed and with it the HIV/AIDS arrived in the elderly. Another aspect to be considered is the delay of formal caregivers to detect evidence that the elderly presents HIV/AIDS, and this diagnosis was made after discarded a list of other diseases that most affect this age group. Given the above, and with the theoretical and methodological contributions to social representations (SR) The aim of this study was to understand that SR seropositive elderly, Caregivers formal and informal caregivers have on the living, live and death in the context of HIV/AIDS. Method: We used non-probability sampling, accidental kind, where nine elderly people were analyzed, ten formal caregivers who deal directly with patients seropositive and finally, three informal caregivers. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews that were recorded. The analysis was performed with the software ALCEST. Results and discussion: The RS brought by seropositive elderly was an HIV/AIDS that brings a negative feeling, especially at the time of discovery, where the issue of death is raised as a possibility to conduct disease. Death is associated with the diagnosis and also brings a feeling of sadness and strangeness. For the caregiver RS HIV/AIDS is linked to current scientific knowledge. Already on death formal caregivers to portray as an event of intense and difficult to accept suffering, she even doing this in his life almost daily. Informal caregivers bring HIV/AIDS as a framework for elderly care and care that a change in their lives that now needs to be divided between care and other activities. Death is feared and to be considered as a bad thing, nor is spoken by informal caregivers. In the analysis performed with the formal and informal caregivers emerged related to the path of prevailing professional – class – formal caregivers, HIV/AIDS, which was once again portrayed the scientific knowledge presented today on the disease, the relationship between classes HIV/AIDS and the elderly were portrayed by their form of contagion and the difficulty of talking about it – sex. The care that was present in the representation was a predominance of informal carers. And death once again comes through the speech of formal caregivers. Final thoughts: with the research you realize that there is a very great prejudice to speak of sexuality and death in the elderly. This makes their vulnerability increases considerably, even by the formal caregivers neglect the fact that the elderly still keep themselves sexually active. The death was not widely spoken by older people and their formal caregivers showing that it is a taboo and evil that surround people who are older and more when they are afflicted with such a stigmatizing illness like HIV/AIDS. In this sense, we see the importance of broadening our understanding of the issues presented in order to provide a better life for the portion of the population studied.

This M.Sc. dissertation includes four manuscripts, elaborated from the results obtained in a study case carried out at a public hospital in the Paraíba state (northeast Brazil), considering economic, legal and environmental aspects. Photovoltaic solar energy and biomass were included in the polygeneration superstructure for a large-sized consumer center, for distributed energy generation. An optimization model, based on Mixed Linear Integer Programming (MILP), was built and solved for the obtainment of optimal configuration and operation of the energy supply system under economic and environmental viewpoints. Environmental information was generated by the application of the Life Cycle Assessment methodology to the equipment of the superstructure as well as energy resources available. The regulation that encompasses distributed generation in Brazil is studied, in detail, on the basis of comparative law. It was verified, generally, that despite a rather advanced and consolidated regulation is in force, there is still a lack of fiscal and economic incentives to make distributed generation viable in Brazil. The economic optimization suggested the utilization of biomass in boilers for the production of hot water, and when compared to a conventional system, presented an annual cost 10.99% lower. The environmental optimal solution indicated trigeneration to minimize the envitonmental impacts produced by thesupply and conversion energy system.

This thesis aims to discuss the invention of a healthy model of school education in primary education in Parahyba do Norte, during the period between 1849, moment of the publication of the first General Regulation of Primary Education, and 1886, launch period of the last Regulation dedicated to the instruction in the monarchical regime. During the research, I had contact with a range of documents, such as: newspapers, reports, laws, decrees, almanacs, magazines, school textbook and manuscripts. In this way, the thesis´ argument was built considering that, from the second half of the nineteenth century, the consolidation phase of the new nation, the establishment of the Brazilian/Parahyba school was in progress, and the precepts of the medical order were present in the process of schooling. Although Parahyba do Norte were dialoguing about what was being produced in the Court, the province had its own specificities as it was the case of the 1849 Regulation, rich in precepts derived from the medical order and that was pioneer in this type of regulation concerning that province, and at the same time, serving to guide other legislations in the period studied here. The local political elites showed them up in full action in this modeling and disciplining and regulatory strategies, embedded in a civilizing discourse, dictated standards for the urban space and, especially for school education. Thus, the cited Regulation, as the others that were being published during the period of this study, indicated the autonomy of the provincial political elite in relation to the central power, which noticed in the medical-hygienic speech, a possible way to join the "civilized" world. It was, therefore, in this way that the invention of a healthy model of school education has taken place. The work was regarded as a problem from the biopolitics category, discussed by Foucault as an institutional procedure of collective administration. With the population growth and the development of the cities, life in society brought transformations that called for interventions in order to manage the population. Consequently, the medicine, posing itself as one of the responsible for the building of the national state, made use of mechanisms of individualizing and generalizing intervention, radiating the norm within the miscellaneous spheres that formed the society. Thus, the medical precepts began to infuse standards ranging from the simple act of washing hands to orthopedic care of those who attended school. Diagnosing contagious diseases, guiding the materiality of the school building, indicating the care related to the body and clothes, prescribing gymnastics, showing the importance of vaccination and purging what was considered pernicious, that is, producing knowledge and power, the medical order was consolidating a healthy model for school education, which was trodden hand in hand with the provincial political elite, with the purpose of instructing, ordering and civilizing the population.

Recommended as Complementary Medicine by World Health Organization (WHO), Aromatherapy is widespread around the world and uses 100% pure essential oils to prevent and/or treat health problems. Thus, these oils extracted from plants can be considered innovative tools for the treatment of certain pathologies, including mental disorders, because there is evidence for theirs effectiveness in treating disorders related to the Central Nervous System (CNS), and also has low toxicity and easy access. The most common mental conditions treated include mood disorders, anxiety, age-related cognitive decline, psychotic disorders, stress symptoms and chronic pain. This study aimed to investigate possible antipsychotic effects of essential oils but also verify whether it is able to relieve extrapyramidal symptoms. Males Swiss mice, albinos, weighing 32-49 grams, with approximately 2 months of age were used as experimental subjects. The essential oil Lavandula angustifólia was used through inhalation route (5 minutes). Data were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism, using the one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis tests. In all comparisons, p<0.005 was considered statistically significant. In the hypolocomotion test with lavender oil treatment at concentrations of 2.5%; 5% and 10% we observed that ambulatory movement, rearing, number of jumps, rest (sc), distance (cm), velocity (mm/s), clockwise and counter-clockwise rotation the results showed that, in all parameters, there was a potentiation of the hipolocomotor effect of haloperidol. In the catatonia test induced by haloperidol (1 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection) treatment with the essential oil showed significant result (p<0.05) compared with animals pretreated with Haloperidol+Saline (GC-), being able to reduce time of catatonia. In the catatonia test induced by haloperidol via oral administration,also presented effect of statistical significance, it is possible to observe a decrease in catatonia time (s) of the oil group compared to Haloperidol+Saline (GC-) group. In the hyperlocomotion test induced by amphetamine (3 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection), the same parameters of hypolocomotion were observed, however, no statistically significant results were found when we compared the group treated with lavender and the Amphetamine+Saline (GC-) group in most tests. In the stereotypy test induced by apomorphine (20 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection), the treatment with the oil inhibited the stereotyped behavior with p <0.05. In Climbing test induced by apomorphine (same dose and route of administration) the animals treated with lavender decreased the climb behavior level when compared to animals treated with Haloperidol+Saline (GC-). After analyzing the results we can conclude that the essential oil of lavender, administered by inhalation route, can have a similar profile to antipsychotics because both alter neurotransmission involved in schizophrenia.

This study aimed to analyze the main discussions on education during Camillo de Hollanda government (1916-1920). This required map the involved subjects and analyze the main debates around the sociability network of these. The periodization is justified because in this period there were greater openness in the discussion and effective actions aimed for education in the state of Parahyba, it was possible to observe an intense debate on educational issues, especially on new teaching dictates propounded by the New School ideals that formed and operated up in various school groups created from 1916 in the state. Imbued with the modern principles and guided by the sanitarists ideals, this government has developed a proposal for a state organization based on that ideology, reverberating especially in education legislation. Excelled changes in the capital‟s architecture - opening and enlargement of streets, construction of squares and public buildings, and in the education sector, the reform of Parahybana‟s Primary Education, officiated by Decree 873, of December 21, 1917 as an offshoot of the discussions on the hygienism and the beautification of the city. We used as a source, above all, the official documents - legislation, presidential messages, State' almanac and writings produced by the subjects in newspapers of the period, reports, minutes, correspondence, book and newsletter. In such vehicles, primary and secondary teachers, taken in our research as intellectuals, discussed issues such as school hygiene, physical education, gymnastics, moral and civic education, school medical inspection, among other things immersed in the list of discussions of that period. We observed that, engaged in discussions in terms of ideas, inseparable from the political field, intellectuals created forms of political action to intervene in society. The sociability categories, generation and itinerary, used in our work and extracted from the thought of the French historian, Jean-François Sirinelli, helped us understand the subject in a social and historical perspective and their intellectual trajectories. In general, the elements mentioned in the sources derived from several concerned initiatives to insert the country in modern times under the ideals of health, beauty, progress and civility. Reviewing the intellectual discussions in these areas helps us to understand the complex process of Brazilian education and, in particular, the role played by Paraíba‟s intellectuals in this scenario.

Facial expressions function as an extremely adaptive non-verbal form of communication. However, there is a debate regarding the universality of emotions. This study aimed to create and carry out a cross-cultural comparison of a Brazilian facial expressions database. Fifteen actors in the city of João Pessoa were instructed to pose expressions of happiness, fear, disgust, sadness, anger, surprise and the neutral face. The sample of the validation study was composed of 242 undergraduate students from João Pessoa/Brazil, Ribeirão Preto/Brazil and Barcelona/Spain. The results show a high recognition rate of expressions in different regions, getting above 80% frequency (happiness, anger, surprise and neutral faces), approximately 70% (disgust), however, below of 45% for fear. Some emotions were differently attributed between locations, but overall there was agreement in the evaluation of judges. The high recognition rates are evidence in favor of the universality hypothesis, but more research is needed.

A number of studies have indicated that healthy elderly show subjective memory complaints, something whose meaning is not fully understood yet. The present research has aimed to analyze the neurocognitive profile of healthy elderly with or without memory complaints. The research was carried out with 69 healthy elderly aged around 66 years (DP = 5.86), divided into two groups: the ones who reported worsening of their memories over the last five years and the ones who did not. The results indicated higher impairment of prospective than retrospective memory. The study showed that the subjective memory complaints are strongly related to the symptoms of depression and anxiety. The elderly who reported worsening of memory have a higher degree of depression than the ones who did not report memory problems and do not have anxiety symptoms. It is concluded that the affective components may be better predictors of subjective memory complaints than the cognitive components.

This Thesis performs a search about the Intuitive Teaching method used in Brazil at the end of the nineteenth century, and on its proposal in seeking the reversal of the inefficiency of school education offered to the popular classes. In order to deepen the discussion, we chose the Didactic Manual by Norman Allison Calkins, First Lessons of Things, based on the educational initiatives of Henri Pestalozzi. The choice of the Manual was formed from the Thesis argument, that it was a unique and innovative proposal, which involved not only a method, but a pedagogical theory that waved as the possibility of opposition to the dominant society, until then, had as a means of access to knowledge. Using a dynamic open to knowledge and to the student's emotions, without neglecting the intellectual knowledge, the philosophical theory of the method presents a way of overcoming the educational tradition, very attached to traditional teaching, which did not seek to open ways to the student's knowledge, dialogue, and reflection. In argumentative detachment of Thesis, was being imposed a way that prioritized deepened the educational conceptions of Renaissance humanism and other, present in the theoretical ideas that direct their criticism of the teaching bookish , abstract and pedantic, such as Rabelais (1493-1553), Montaigne ( 1553 -1592 ), taken over by Comenius ( 1592-1670 ) and Rousseau ( 1712-1778 ). In the investigative process, there was the relationship of the fundamentals of intuitive method contained in the Calkins‟ proposed with the principles of Popular Education, under Freire's perspective, taking care to evidence approaches and detachment. As a result, it is concluded that in both proposals are present critical to the model of access to systematic knowledge dominant; both prioritize the encouragement of the student's curiosity and "things" of their world. The educator's role, as such proposals, is the proponent of educating the adventure of learning and cultivating their sensitivity. The intuitive method presents an accessible and necessary proposal to the educator, especially in popular education practices, because it provides the learner to improve its perception of skills and action‟s qualification. This feature helps you to see, hear, feel and intuit more and better about and from their world, since its opening to dialogue and reflection enables an intellectualized education, so necessary nowadays.

El trabajo que aquí se presenta recoge una investigación que es el fruto de una experiencia como investigador y profesional de la educación que se pretendía en su construcción, cuando se acerque a las personas con discapacidad y su historia, al interpretar la evidencia con la que desafiar el enfrentamientos de la vida y cómo logran establecer un movimiento de alegría y de la creación, a pesar de los procesos de las desigualdades sociales, económicas, culturales y afectivos que están sometidos constantemente. En este sentido, rastrear las andanzas de reflexiones y propuestas de trabajo respecto a las acciones que experimentan las personas con discapacidad, la colocación de la centralidad del encuentro en el cuidado de otro, una relación de alteridad que fortalece la aceptación de la diferencia. Con este fin, la encuesta buscó establecer una relación entre las trayectorias y los sentimientos presentes en las narrativas de las personas con discapacidad y los elementos históricos de la Educación Especial, específicamente de los paradigmas de integración e inclusión analizar, desde la historia de las personas con discapacidad y la historia de la Educación Especial, las trayectorias de experiencia y la forma en que se producían las relaciones con el mundo de la danza de la vida. La metodología a pie se formó, a partir de los relatos, momentos cuando se escucha encuentra los sentimientos y actitudes que definen las dimensiones de la educación y la escuela, el trabajo, la familia y las relaciones de pertenencia para las personas con discapacidad en el mundo. Un hilo conductor que es de sentido y significado, tiene como principal objetivo de entender que la presencia de la persona con discapacidad en la configura las asociaciones de estar en el escenario peleas, crea un espacio en el campo político epistemológico y educativo constitutivo de la sinergia de los diferentes fronteras. El proceso de investigación apunta a la necesidad de superar los paradigmas lógicos de doble y dicotómico presentes en la Educación Especial y de la Ciencia, la localización, en principio biocéntrico esta manera, ya que rechaza las ideologías idealistas que promueven la separación, una lógica dual en sí el pensamiento cartesiano, el fortalecimiento de la urgencia de que es necesaria para comprender y experimentar la vida como el centro ético y ecológico.

This research analyzes self-management of negative emotions by teachers in context of interactive conflicts at classroom, with the epistemological basis on Wallon’s model, which considers the person as a social and organic being, composed by the affective, motor and cognitive functional fields. The sample consisted of 17 teachers (15 women and two men) belonging to two public elementary and secondary schools of João Pessoa-PB. Semistructured interviews were conducted within schools to collect data related to affective, cognitive and motor fields, inferred from how participants characterized the interactive conflict in their classrooms as well as the negative emotions arising from experience of these conflicts. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and identified themes from the categories created, based on the adopted theoretical model. These data were analyzed according Bardin’s perspective (2009) and in the light of the literature on indiscipline and violence in schools, on the Burnout and teachers’ malaise. Thus, the results were organized in four stages: identification of the concept of interactive conflict, the description of emotional experience and pedagogical interventions and self-assessment on the affection and actions taken in the context of the classroom. According to the results, violence and indiscipline in schools are perceived as interactive conflicts teachers have to face at classroom; the most frequently mentioned self-management of negative emotions (sadness, frustration, anger, anxiety, anger and fear, in descending order) were emotional restraint in the classroom and their expression outside that workplace (sometimes inappropriately, in context or form); beside these strategies, compensatory activities (leisure and self-care, especially) were referred. Self-management of negative emotions through these strategies, in the classroom, caused psychological distress to individuals: their symptoms were associated with the early stages of Burnout, such as physical pain, metabolic disorders, uncontrolled motor; and emotional stress (especially mood oscillations). In cognitive field it was observed that, despite these concerns, teachers considered that it was difficult to think about their negative emotions, as well as on their actions considering these emotions in this context. The analysis of interviews in regard to affective field identified, in speech, a significant amount of person’s and content’s disjunctions. However, in one case only, it also identified the integration of functional fields, by a teacher who referred to the use negative emotions as an element to motivate herself at work. As a result, in concluding remarks, it is affirmed to be necessary, in the context of interactive conflict, the intentional integration of functional fields to the teaching self-management of negative emotions, which should not be seen as obstacles to the educational intervention in interactions with pupils, but as a motivating factor to teaching, provided the appropriate self-governing, taken as a reference to emotional self-awareness and analysis of interactive processes. That implies developing skills to emotional self-awareness and to analyze interactions at classroom. Hence, it was emphasized that teachers’ training should include such conditions to benefit from negative emotions occurrence.