RCAAP Repository

The process of occupation and expansion in the city of João Pessoa, PB has accelerated considerably in recent years leaving in the wake of this growth a negative balance stop the environment. These problems spill over environmental issues interferes with quality of life. This research aims to diagnose the environmental situation of the Parahyba Municipal Park and suggest mitigation alternatives to the problems identified. This worked used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), satellite images, aerial photographs of 1976, visit the field to collect data and images, was held the georrefereciamento using ArcGIS 10.1 software. This Geographic Information System allowed to form a bank of the main geographic information of the study place. Had with reference subjects such as Landscape Ecology and Restoration due to its integrated vision capacity of the environment. From the results of this research can be observed that although it is incorporated as a conservation area the Park Parahyba save different environmental problems in violation of current law that reduce the environmental quality of the place. The diagnosis allowed also present the role of the park as a producer of environmental services to this part of the city by improving the quality of life.

First, this study evaluated the risk imposed by Triatoma triatoma in the Chagasic epidemiology in distinct rural sites in Paraíba (PB; Cajazeiras, São José de Espinharas, Condado, Santa Teresinha and São Mamede) and Rio Grande do Norte (RN; Caicó and Currais Novos) with the use of entomological indicators. The rate of natural infection by T. cruzi and the parasite diversity, according to the two major lineages (TCI e TCII) were also evaluated via molecular techniques. With the field information, the compositional age structure of natural T. brasiliensis populations was also characterized. A total of 3,021 triatomines were captured, with a notable prevalence of T. brasiliensis (80%), followed by T. pseudomaculata (16%) and T. petrochii (4%). Overall, the domestic colonization was low and most of collected insects were peridomestic, which minimizes the risks of T. cruzi transmission. Even though Condado had exhibited the highest indexes of domiciliary infestation (50%) and colonization (40%), these indexes were followed by null natural infection by T. cruzi and low triatomine density (10.1 insects/house). Contrarialy, for Currais Novos there were hight triatomine density (37%) and colonization (37%), as well as natural infection by T. cruzi (mean 24.4%), suggesting it is the most exposed municipality to T. cruzi human infection. The observed variation in natural infection by T. cruzi in domiciliary unities is probably associated to ecotope structures, as in PB municipalities insects are found in chicken crops whereas in Currais Novos (RN) rock, cobblestone and branch piles are infested as much by T. brasiliensis as they are by sylvatic Caviidae mammals (Galea spixx and Kerodon rupestris). The lower (mean 3.4%) natural infection prevalence for T. cruzi in wild natural populations of T. brasiliensis in spots of PB if compared to those sampled in RN (mean 51.8%) is probably associated with environmental degradation of natural habitats observed in the first. Molecular techniques pointed out the two major parasite lineages of T. cruzi co-occurring in peridomiciles and also in sylvatic environments. From September to December it is observed a higher incidence of adults in the sylvatic environments, if compared to field work of March and studies surveyed from literature. It alerts for the possibility of a higher incidence of domiciliary invasions of winged forms of T. brasiliensis during the last months of the year.

This study aimed to conduct a preliminary and confirmatory assessment of environmental impacts to water resources caused by hydrocarbons originating from car repair shops located in the Distrito dos Mecânicos in Campina Grande - PB. This District was built in the 1980s. Thinking about sustainable practices implies assessing the need for a diagnosis of activities that work with petroleum products and a have high power of contamination of surface and groundwater, such as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), HPAs- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, oils and greases. Called micropollutants, aromatics BTEX and PAHs are the most dangerous among the hydrocarbons because they present high toxicity, even at low concentrations. The analysis of BTEX, PAHs, oils and greases in groundwater were carried out at four places in the Distrito dos Mecânicos, selected from the groundwater flow, and the results were compared with the current legislation for the potability standards and contamination of ecosystems. Samples of surface water were analyzed from two collection points in the Riacho das Piabas, located upstream and downstream of the Distrito dos Mecânicos in order to find a possible influence of the activities performed in the space referred to in the water contamination by hydrocarbons. Through in loco visits it was diagnosed that 91% of the establishment do not have a Oil Water Separator - OWS system and the 9% who have do not perform the proper maintenance. The Companhia de Água e Esgotos da Paraíba also has a OWS system that collects all effluent from the Distrito dos Mecânicos, however, periodic maintenance is not done. During the research we found only the BTEX toluene in groundwater and in surface water. Some PAHs were found only in surface water. The levels of oil and grease in the Riacho das Piabas and groundwater were above those recommended by the CONAMA 430/2011 legislation, which indicates the need for further investigation of the study area and for proposing mitigation measures.

The Indigenous Land Potiguara is situated in the north coast of Paraíba, between Camaratuba and Mamanguape rivers, totaling 33,757.00 hectares, of which 1451.20 hectares are overlapping area with the APA of the Mamanguape River Bar, with a population of 19 000 inhabitants. This research aimed to analyze the environmental and social impacts and conflicts after the introduction of shrimp Indigenous Land (TI), from participatory methodology. It can be seen clearly that there are two distinct areas of shrimp farming in the village, one located next to the houses, which have greater influence of non-Indians, increased environmental impacts and are independent families with each other, and another located on the Island of girls with nurseries belonging to the prawn Cooperative Tramataia, only with partners Indians, where there is organization and all pools together belong to all members. According to the Sustainability Framework applied in the two areas, the first has low sustainability, reaching 36.36% positive sustainable responses, while the second reached an average sustainability, reaching 54.55% of positive sustainable questions. So were seen in the first area impacts as mangrove trees cuts, stressed plants, crabs UCAS dead, chemical channels that enter the mangrove, waste coming from the houses and the very exposed activity, in the second area, the worst impact viewed was the proximity of the nurseries with the bank of the estuary of the river Mamanguape. Participatory meeting was organized jointly local wisdom and so was the recognition of all the problems involving the shrimp before an unknown to the Indians. After the technical training person chosen at this meeting, there was the first analysis, independent of outside the village technicians, and through this, the trained Indian identified specific pathology in nursery with early mortality, which was instrumental in making decision and not lost production, avoiding the dead animals were dumped into the estuary. This work is the basis for the implementation of efficient management with dialogue between technical and scientific knowledge and local knowledge and minimize negative impacts, aiming at higher productivity and environmental sustainability.

The traditional shrimp farming has been associated with many negative environmental impacts on mangrove ecosystems, apicuns and areas of slopes, including the release of effluent, usually with high organic matter content, from the offered feed and droppings of shrimps. In this sense, it is essential that the food offered are appropriate with effective and environmentally sustainable costs, as the inappropriate use of feed can compromise both animal development and the environment. In order to meet the demand for seafood products, with quality and adequate nutritional value, employment of shrimp farming techniques in tanks associated with the production of organic food can be a viable alternative to obtain a product of good quality, environmentally responsible and with added commercial value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the organic cultivation of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) along the lines of family production, fed organic feed, produced from food waste and industrial feed. In tanks with organic feed, animals still were attended to perifítons as additional power. In order to evaluate the two types of crops, were determined some physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the water and shrimps, the bromatologia the feed, the farmed shrimp, plus the biometrics of animals. The results were compared with each other and with existing environmental and health laws, to evaluate the proposed treatment and quality of farmed animals. The data indicated that there was no significant difference between the crops, as regards the nutritional and microbial composition of the animal, as well as the quality of the water tanks. Therefore, one can understand that organic food associated with regular supply of perifítons, is an acceptable alternative to replacement of industrial feed the family shrimp farming due to low cost of production, absence of additives and preservatives, waste recovery generated by community and the possibility of improving the quality of life of fishermen whose activity is increasingly threatened by commercial fishing development.

A Tese não possui abstract.

The research studied childhood obesity as a problem of macromarketing scope, aiming to identify the contributing factors for their growth and how these factors are configured between parents and children, to understand the behavioural influences this context that are amenable to intervention social marketing for changing harmful behaviours. Thus, the study had the objective of building a theoretical framework of behavioural factors relevant to childhood obesity, configure key factors relevant to social marketing associated with parents and children, and finally, based on the relationships among the factors, analyse stocks government to support the development of effective public policies. In this sense, the theoretical framework discussed issues related to expanded marketing vision, outlining this research in a perspective of macromarketing and social marketing against a backdrop of bad food intake and prior to public health problems such as obesity. From a qualitative approach, the method used was the interview with semi-structured and in-depth itineraries, applied to the main agents of change this reality, parents of children overweight or obese with up to 12 full years. For this, 17 mothers were interviewed by audio recording and subsequently the interviews were transcribed and systematized according to categories (factors and sub-factors) pre-defined and interrelated dimensions microenvironmental and macroenvironmental the study. In the data analysis it can be seen that the lines are representative of the factors studied in the research and converging to the discussion in the applied literature, showing a growing and multi-sector scenario of childhood obesity, and subject to social marketing interventions in negative behaviours and drivers of disease. From the analysis it was possible to add four new factors of childhood obesity in this study, which emerged from the analysed reports: bullying, aggression, anxiety for food and use of medicines; these can be viewed as obesity frame consequences and in some instances, causes the increased amount of food intake. Generally, the family, the parents' role, is the major factor in the prevalence of overweight, however, these actors, parents and children, are strongly influenced the child's living environment (micro) and external and social environment (macro). That said, on the assumption that the study demonstrates a systemic and systematic way to shape the behavioural factors of influence of childhood obesity, suggests the use of social marketing expertise along with information about the real scenario of Brazilian childhood obesity to development of effective public policies and far-reaching. Thus, it is expected that the relationship between the factors and the design of how to shape the lives of those surveyed serve as government and social stimulus to behavior change through actions and interventions with a strategic and comprehensive vision. Also recommended the inclusion of social marketing stakeholders, based on Benchmark Criteria Andreasen (2002), to achieve a reduction in obesity in Brazil by promoting health effectively, educating and mobilizing the community, parents and the children.

Based on Stakeholder Theory, this dissertation sought verifying whether there is a relation of superiority regarding financial performance of companies that are member of Carbon Efficient Index (ICO2) against the ones that are only member of the marketing indices from BM&FBovespa: IBOV, IBrX-50, and IBrX-100. Initially, we have compared the members of ICO2 with the exclusive members from market indices, characterizing their portfolios and analyzing their market sectors. At a second moment, an analysis of liquidity and companies’ market stock return was conducted. Thereafter, a performance evaluation about these companies was carried out considering financial indicators from Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen. The data analysis was limited to the period from September 2010 to December 2014 and the sample data comprised four indices from BM&Bovespa – ICO2, IBOV, IBrX-50, and IBrX-100. We have used Economatica system to extract market stock data from the companies selected. In this study we have decided to exclude shares that participated, simultaneously, in the stock market indices and ICO2 index. This dismemberment elucidated the large quantity of companies that were both member of ICO2 and stock market indices at the same time. We inferred that there is concern with sustainability investment between the companies member of the market indices which provide a satisfactory market perspective. We have observed distinct compositions on the indices analysed considering companies' portfolio characterization regarding the actuation sector. It's relevant to highlight that Finance and Insurance sector was the most representative sector at ICO2 portfolio. We analysed the liquidity using Board Liquidity and Average Volume. After the analysis, it has been noted that IBrX-50 companies got the best results followed by the sustainable companies. The companies' market stock return was evaluated by nonparametric tests such as Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney. Despite the fact that ICO2 have gotten the best result, overcoming the selected indices, there was no statistically significant connection among the historical series about the return of the indices. We have applied Engle-Granger (1987) cointegration test in order to infer any relevance on the long-term. The results take to an existence of a linear combination between the series of returns indices based on average returns. We had also inspected the performance of the indices considering Sharpe, Treynor, and Jensen indicators. This result imply that the ICO2 had the best performance according to Sharpe and Jensen indices still it was not very significative. Regarding the Treynor index, the ICO2 overcome the results of the marketing indices in the period analyzed. Thus, the relationship of superiority between the financial performance of sustainable business to their companies that are not classified as could not be confirmed.

Work teams are seen as flexible structures for collective work organization, with superior ability to improve organizational performance when compared to traditional hierarchical structures. Work teams in information technology (IT) can be perceived as high-performance drives, dynamic and productive, especially important in times of organizational change or leading complex and critics organizational (re)designs. Specifically in the software development field (an IT specialization) these teams performance is a measure of quality, functionality/applicability and reliability of IT artifacts, as their main outcomes. It is also expected that software development teams could be self-managed, so that the main concerns relating to the composition, internal processes, tasks, and performance are of intrinsic nature. This document reports the course of actions for building issues for the thesis demonstration, one that establishes that teams working with intrinsic motivations have better performance than teams that rely solely on extrinsic motivations or controls. Drawing on flow theory (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) as a theoretical guidance for explanation of intrinsic motivation, antecedents and consequents of flow on work teams were identified and an instrument was developed for flow measurement in work teams, specifically on IT teams, with also a model proposition for the measurement of flow influence on IT teams performance. Discussions on the findings suggest (1) theoretical implications, especially compilation of empirical evidence linking flow, antecedents and consequences, as a complement and update for classic studies of the same nature, and instrument offering focused on collective perceptions and developed specifically for flow measurement on IT work teams; and (2) practical implications, highlighting the perception of interest in the matter by the practitioners (managers and developers) and rationale offered to subsidize maintaining positive vibe in teams as a way for turnover reduction and widening the appeal to new members, for instance.

This study investigates the perception of administrative health workers at the Hospital de Emergência e Trauma Senador Humberto Lucena ( HETSL ) in the city of João Pessoa-PB , on pleasure and pain experience at work psychodynamics involved in that environment. The research is exploratory and descriptive nature with quantitative approach , with the purpose to expand the current theoretical discussion of mental health and work. Therefore , we used the contributions of school dejourian examine the relationship pleasure , suffering and work. As collection technique the structured interview was chosen from adjustments made in Escala de Indicadores de Prazer e Sofrimento no Trabalho ( EIPST ), and the data were analyzed according to the relevant statistical model . The results are pointed out based on the method of analysis and specifically considering the ( EIPST ) a moderate evaluation, considered critical on the levels set by its scale. Thus, the research contributed to the gym , through the availability of literature presented and health administration , since it allows reflections on the part of managers regarding the organization of work and their models and management

The virtual social environments, in particular their media, quickly became social areas on the Internet used quite often by its users, serving not only as major search channels of information but also online sites to interact with persons, contributing to the development of opinions about a certain issue under the influence of various external aspects contained in these spaces. This brings to the consumption a new way of figuring out how consumers take their final decisions. Thus, the main objective of this research was to analyze the extrinsic influences (also considered social) in the consumption held by men in the virtual social media. So it was traced a methodological way to accomplish the goal, setting this research to qualitative exploratory/descriptive procedure, developed in two concurrent stages: interviews and focus group online, conducted with male users of virtual social media. Such collection technique data were triangulated and analyzed using content analysis technique, aided by NVivo software. The results showed that, between the five categories of social influences studied (family, reference groups, social class, culture and subculture), the most influential on consumption are the reference groups, culture and subculture. By this analysis, it was drawn up a male consumer profile as active agent in the purchase decision process in virtual environments, mainly by their interactions in social media to which they belong. The findings show men as well-informed consumers, financial controllers, who do not see social media as buying spaces, but admit their persuasive power at the time of choice.

The goal of this study was to analyze the learning process of cooking on the taste formation of two restaurants of regional food in Joao Pessoa in the light of the social practices and of the organizational aesthetics. The organizational aesthetics (STRATI, 1992, 2007a; 2007b; 2010; 2014) is the capability we have to activate the touch, the smell, the gustatory, the vision, the hearing and the aesthetics judgment while we live the experience. Through the aesthetics it is possible to access the sensitive knowledge, which is tacit and practical. The social practices correspond to the modes of doing and reproducing of a society and are formed by a set of activities the repeats over time. As a practice is done immediately it is learned, but it is learned in a social way, contextual and procedural as getting involved with the practice the social legitimation happens. The social learning through the situated perspective, the social practices, the organizational aesthetics and the sensitive knowledge made possible the study of the gastronomy, this one is formed by various practices: the food culture, the eating and the cooking. All of these aspects are surrounded by distinct service. The dimension of gastronomy that emerged in the market as most significant on the taste formation was the cooking. This way, it was conducted a study of ethnographic inspiration with aesthetic style (STRATI, 2007a) done in two restaurants specialized in regional cuisine in the city of Joao Pessoa. The empirical material collection was operationalized by participant observations, informal conversations, semi structured interviews and the pictures from the kitchens of the restaurants. Directed by the the zooming in and zooming out strategy (NICOLINI, 2009), done by guiding questions . The immersion on the field happened along seven months, being, on RI from the 9 th of June of 2014 until the 11th of January of 2015, and on the RII from the 27th of June of 2014 until the 14th of January in 2015. With forty-six visits total, being twenty on the RI and sixteen on the RII, with a hundred seven field hours total. The empirical material analysis was done by the imaginary participative observation and interpretative evocative analysis. Throughout the process the empirical material was analyzed separately, and the first composition of aesthetic text of ethnographic inspiration, took place in September of 2014, what made possible the identification of cooking as a practice. The results indicate that the studied restaurants are predominantly picturesque on their decoration evocating elements related to the regional food that were symbolically planned to provoke a sensorial-aesthetic experience; the learning of cooking happens though a peripheral legitimation process, where the cooks use their perceptive faculties and the collective aesthetic judgment to learn to cook. It was identified the importance of the aesthetic perception of the hands, the ears, the gustatory sense, the nose, the eyes and the aesthetic judgment on the reproduction of cooking as a practice with a regional focus; The locus of knowledge on cooking as a practice is the physical body, and the learning, the generation and the transmission of knowledge of cooking on the formation of taste happens in the physical body where it is possible to live an aesthetic experience reaching the sensitive knowledge. Stands out, yet, the gustatory faculty and the social construction and historical (regional) as fundamental to the development of taste; The immersion of the researcher in the field made possible the perception of a series of aesthetic categories while the cooking as a practice was developed, the picturesque, the agogic categories, the beauty and the ugliness. Finally, it was concluded that the cooking on the taste formation is learned through the sensitive knowledge, the tangible, the visual, the hearing, the olfactory, the gustative and the aesthetic judgment that is expressed by the social construction and regional collectiveness.

The propose of this research was to analyze the reflection of the quality of Corporate Governance on the process of valuation in Brazilian capital market, considering the Ohlson (1995) model. Was resorted to the data of all companies that traded their shares on the BM&FBOVESPA in the period of 2010-2013. For this, a model of valuation was used, which includes a proxy variable for the quality of Corporate Governance, the Index Quality of Corporate Governance (IQGC), based on the agency theory (JENSEN; MECKLING, 1976), which dimensions were included to minimize the agency problems, which were: Composition of the Board of Directors, Ownership Structure and Control Incentive to Directors, Disclosure, Investor Protection, Audit Committee and Asymmetric Information. Among the dimensions Disclosure was the one that had the higher frequency compared to the others companies, however the Audit Committee obtained the lowest frequency. The IQGC was calculated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which consists in a weighted average of the principal generated components with the weights given by their respective variances. The analysis on the IQGC behavior, over the analysis period, showed a growth trend in the level of quality of corporate governance on the companies. To assess the relevance of IQGC in the process of valuation has been included in this proxy model residual income valuation (RIV) of Ohlson (1995), business valuation model based on financial variables that allow the inclusion of 'other information' that may represent factors that are important for the valuation, but that have not been reflected by the variables used. The analysis results of the data in balanced panel model also shows that the quality of corporate governance is value relevant in the Brazilian capital market, once that the model had his coefficient of determination increased with the entry of this variable, which was confirmed by the Wald test. In addition to, the intrinsic characteristics of the companies sought to investigate whether the results persist when analyzed: Size and Liquidity. The results revealed that the only evidence remain on medium size companies and among those with lower liquidity, which can be associated to the specific characteristics of Brazilian market. Given the evidence, we can not reject the hypothesis that the quality of Corporate is value relevant for the valuation in the Brazilian capital market. The result of this study are limited to the sample and the period analyzed.

Though the labels are rich in information, studies suggest that these are not made in favor of the consumer. This can make them vulnerable to advertising on food. One of the causes of this is the lack of the ability to find and process information efficiently – literacy. Therefore, this study aims at understanding how do the labels influence the consumer’s perception and decision making. In addition, two categories of products have been analyzed, so it can be verified if different product types are differently affected by the messages: a healthier product (cereal bar) and a less healthy one (chocolate cookies). Also, positive messages (advertisements) as well as negative messages (warnings) have been used. An online experiment with 6 different treatments was performed. Data from each group were compared with the non-parametric tests Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis, with the Dunn’s technique for paired comparisons. The t-test (parametric) was also used for the analysis. With more than 300 respondents, it can be inferred that advertisements have a positive effect on any product, but the warning had no effect on the cookies. Cereal bars can benefit from advertisements, but not as much as the cookies. As for price, only the cookie with the advertisement achieved a significantly higher result, indicating that people are more attracted, and could pay more, for these kinds of products when they come with propaganda. To test this assumption in a more realistic environment, cookies were sold for college students. Almost half of the sample of 38 students preferred the more expensive cookies (carrying advertisement), even though both products (with/without propaganda) had identical back-ofpackage information and design. Only few individuals were able to find and interpret the back-of-package information. Those who bought the most expensive product justified themselves saying that the product was nutritionally better. It is suggested that further studies on labeling seek to be more realistic, and that industries and governments should be more concerned on how the consumer understands the labels. Especially for the companies, it should not be the goal of its investigations solely which formats sell more, but which label formats are more efficient to inform the consumer.

This study is a research proposal from the scene of pregnant women, bringing out the major physical changes, social, but mainly focusing on the role of the consumer behavior of this vulnerable group. Thus, we seek to examine the woman and mother, but with her wrapped in a family situation, social culture, economic and peculiar, which influences their customs and decisions throughout pregnancy and in other social interactions experienced at this stage. All these actors participate actively in the construction and transition to new maternal identity. Motherhood requires only the woman's decision to "be a mother", or a combination of two identities "being a mother" and "being professional". Many other changes occur in this reversal of identities present in the three standards of identity proposed by Fursman (2002). This study sought answers to identify the context in which to appeal to the consumer the woman during pregnancy may be taken to behave vulnerable. From a qualitative approach, the research used in-depth interviews and videography to collect information about the speech and behavior of consumption of 15 pregnant women. For the analysis, the researcher was based on dimensions related to consumer vulnerability model proposed by Baker et. al. (2005): Individual Characteristics, Individual States, external conditions and experiences of vulnerability in the context of consumption, serving as a maternal context. Research suggests that there is a strong influence of external factors that challenge the pregnant woman consumption, in addition, identifies consumerism justified and extended by others during pregnancy. He saw the justification of consumption by assigning it the vision of "being a mother" and preconceived myth of motherhood.

Debates about quality of life emerged in marketing in the 60's, since then it has been a concern of society, including researchers who seek for a long time to understand and to identify the predominant factors of a good life, especially with regard to the elderly, as there is a upward trend in the number of elderly in the world population which makes this public relevant, including in the Brazilian society. When it comes to quality of life in elderly perspective it is important to consider factors that can positively or negatively impact the quality of life of this public, for example, the internet, which is present more and more in daily life of the elderly. It is necessary, thus, to understand how this technology can contribute positively to the quality of life of the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the contributions of the use of the Internet to improve the subjective quality of life of the elderly population in the psychological, social and environmental dimensions. From the construction of the theoretical framework, it was observed that most of the concepts of quality of life share common characteristics as general feelings of well-being and satisfaction, social, personal and cultural, encompassing not only on objective areas, but mostly subjective areas. It was found that there is no exact amount of the areas that will make a good life, they can vary in amount and importance depending on the context in question. Thus, quality of life of the elderly can encompass several areas, and you can see specific areas in their daily routines, such as longevity, the meaning of life, sense of usefulness. The areas considered by the elderly in the context of the Internet are even more specific, such as using social networks, making purchases and banking, using websites, among others. From a group of areas discussed in the literature review, three dimensions were defined for this study: psychological dimension, consisting of four areas (emotional well-being, self-esteem, mental health and self-efficacy); social dimension (social interaction and social integration); and environmental dimension (consumption and leisure). The methodological procedures were as follows, in data collection interviews were conducted in depth, qualitative, semi-structured, face to face and individual interviews with 11 elderly residents of Campina Grande, Paraíba. The selection of participants was made by known statements, as well as by snowball. For data analysis we used the content analysis. It was found that most of the elderly participants in the research is retired and uses the internet every day, with the use of time ranging from minutes to hours a day, preferring, most of them, the use of equipment such as personal computer or notebook because they are larger. It was found that in general the Internet contributes positively to the quality of life of the elderly in the three analyzed dimensions, and it may exert a greater or lesser contribution depending on the area of life in question.

Children are increasingly more inserted in consumer relations, and in this context, the Tweens (children from 7 to 12 years) emerge as a promising public, for they are avid consumers, but vulnerable for being in a preliminary phase that may overvalue the benefits consumption. By listening to the voice of the children themselves, this study aimed to analyze how social relationships influence Tweens’ consumption of goods and brands. In order to achieve the general objective, we identified (1) how the context of consumption and interpersonal relationships influence the consumption of goods by Tweens, (2) how do relationships with peers are affected by the symbolic and functional aspects related to appropriation of goods and brands (3) how they deal with “not having”, in front of groups and in their individuality, and (4) how parents guide their consumption. For this we adopted a methodology of qualitative, exploratory characteristics, through in-depth interviews with the children and their family (mother or grandmother). The interviews with the children were initially developed through the e-collage technique, which served as guiding for the conduction the interviews. The collected data was analyzed by the use of content analysis technique. The results indicate that the Tweens are influenced by the market environment, parents and peers in different levels according to the categories of products. It was found that material goods facilitate interaction in groups while the charge for to have the "right" property can generate constraints affecting the status, self-esteem and self-concept. It also identified that the mothers caring for their children to have socially appropriate goods, with the concern that they do not have problems in their social relationships.

The subjects of the present research were active volunteers at Cidade Viva Foundation for over one year. This non-governmental organization is located in João Pessoa and it has over 350 volunteers; from where 122 subjects collaborated with this research, which aimed to reveal the motivations for staying or leaving the volunteer work. The adopted theoretical model was proposed by Cavalcante (2012), which allows tracing the volunteers’ motivational profile in certain given situations, such as staying or leaving the volunteer work. Data were obtained by questionnaire, during meetings that took place at the Foundation from July to August 2014. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (frequency, means, standard deviations, and coefficient of variation) and interferential statistics (Student t test for independent sampling and Bonferroni tests – ANOVA for multiple comparison/correlation sampling) were utilized. Thus, the research pointed that main motivations for staying at volunteer work at Cidade Viva Foundation are mainly settled in altruistic and learning profiles, which forward to the same conclusion from other studies in this area. Regarding the leaving process, it was noticed that questions related to religious nature are the ones that could lead them to withdraw this activity. As contribution, it is expected that such outcomes can help the Foundation to plan strategies that reduce/avoid members’ turnover, once each dropout represents loss for both the Foundation, which invests in the training of volunteers in their entry, and those ones who are taken care by actions from volunteering.

The bottom of the social pyramid in Brazil concentrates many people. Innovating the services offered to them means including consumers that were neglected or would otherwise remain poorly assisted by the existing offers, thus potentializing business opportunities to firms that are seeking a new market. In this context, this research aimed to analyze how companies are dealing with service innovation to cater to consumers at the bottom of the pyramid. More specifically, it aimed to identify the innovations adopted by firms, classify the types of innovation and propose a framework to better explain them. Methodology included multiple case studies; three firms that offer services to such public. Data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, direct observations and documents. Data for each case was both individually analyzed and cross-examined. Results showed that in order to serve the bottom of the pyramid firms have developed market and process innovations, and also implemented – throughout their trajectories – improvement innovation, incremental innovation and formalization innovation. Through the transilience map it was possible to notice that two out of the three firms studied developed new competencies to match the needs of the bottom of the pyramid. In addition, it is understood that there may be an alignment between the transilience map and the disruptive innovation concepts. The three firms showed partial or total adherence to the proposed framework; in some cases, there was a need to change the type of service offered. It was concluded that although disruptive innovations are aimed at a low income consumers it takes more than just those to serve this public. Furthermore, in the cases analyzed, the service sector possesses an innovation dynamics that is contrary to the technical approach, since technology is not the major driver for innovation. However, this element becomes a support that allows for constant improvement in the service offered.

Durante muchos años las personas con discapacidad fueron relegadas a los estratos más bajos de la sociedad. En muchas culturas tener una discapacidad era sinónimo de estar enfermo, ser improductivo y no válido. Con los años, estas personas han ganado derechos inimaginables. Entre ellos, el derecho a acceder a cualquier sitio de consumo, sea este privado o público. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio buscó identificar las acciones de accesibilidad en la hostelería y sus acciones en vista de los hoteleros y de las personas con discapacidades físicas que consumen este servicio. Para este fin, se trató de examinar cómo los consumidores con discapacidad física perciben las acciones de accesibilidad en los servicios del hotel, teniendo en cuenta las seis barreras de acceso e identificando cómo los gerentes de hoteles ubicados en João Pessoa, perciben la accesibilidad desde la perspectiva de la hospitalidad y el contraste visión y percepción presentada por consumidores y administradores en relación con los medios hoteleros de accesibilidad. Con un enfoque descriptivo cualitativo para la coleta de datos de esta investigación fueran utilizadas entrevistas semi-estructuradas. Estas entrevistas se llevaron a cabo con las personas con discapacidad, así como con los gestores de los hoteles, con un total de veintitrés entrevistas, siendo quince de estas con los consumidores con discapacidad y ocho con los gerentes. En cuanto a la explicación de la información contenida en los discursos, se utilizó el análisis del discurso, el cual permite rendimientos aún más relevantes en los resultados de esta búsqueda. En cuanto a los resultados obtenidos, parece que las seis dimensiones de acceso, aunque no sea tan notable, están presentes en el equipo del hotel. Por otra parte, también se estableció que la dimensión arquitectónica es el más común para las personas con discapacidades físicas, así como la accesibilidad no es considerado por los administradores como una forma de facilitar el consumo de servicios del hotel, ya que se justifican con la baja demanda de este público. Por lo tanto, esta investigación resulta ser de importancia fundamental, teniendo en cuenta que estas personas con discapacidad física son consumidoras y tienen el derecho de acceso en todos los ambientes, incluyendo en el hotel.