RCAAP Repository

Este artigo analisa as noções de poder no discurso das Teorias Clássicas da Adminis- tração, de modo a identificar prováveis relações entre a linguagem usada na esfera organizacional e o contexto sociopolítico. Este estudo é relevante pela possibilidade de se desvelar concepções de poder no discurso dessas teorias difundidas no meio acadêmico-científico. Fundamenta este trabalho a Análise Crítica do Discurso - ACD, especialmente os estudos de Fairclough (2001a, 2001b e 2003), Chouliaraki e Fairclough (1999), e de autores que aprofundam conceitos de poder, dominação, ideologia e hegemonia, a exemplo de Foucault (2002, 2005 e 2011) e Thompson (2011). De natureza qualitativa e documental, esta pesquisa analisa doze fragmentos, que constituem conceitos e princípios importantes das Teorias Clássicas, alicerçando-se na Teoria Social do Discurso, estudando o vocabulário com foco no sentido das palavras, nas lexicalizações e na metáfora. Ao final da análise, constatou-se que a noção de poder disciplinar, ou de dominação, permeia o vocabu- lário eleito por Taylor e Fayol, e que esta escolha relaciona-se ao contexto da sociedade industrial capitalista, de base mecânica, que favorece a manutenção da hegemonia dentro das organizações.

This paper aims to present an analysis of the scientific dissemination discourse in the 19th century in Brazil. For such, we seek basis on the theoretical reflections that come from Bakhtin’s Circle in order to analyze one of the most meaningful scientific knowledges dissemina- tion in Brazil in the eighteenth century: Glória’s Popular Conferences. Two major axes guide this study: 1) the analysis of the discourse genre conference, since this genre is one of Brazil’s scientific dissemination discourse materialization places of the nineteenth century, in order to realize how this utterance reflects and portrays certain conditions and coertions of specific communication fields, considering their constituent elements (thematic content, style and compositional form); 2) based on the bakhtinian metalinguistics show how the scientific dissemination utterance establishes dialogic-semantic relations with utterances from other ideological spheres, having as an example the scientific, philosophical and religious utterances in circulation in a sociodiscursive context of the nineteenth century.

Esta pesquisa analisa as propostas de ensino relativas aos sinais de pontuação nas coleções: Português: uma proposta para o letramento e Português: linguagens. Nossa motivação sur- giu da preocupação que temos sobre como os sinais de pontuação são abordados nos manuais didáticos de Português distribuídos nas escolas públicas brasileiras. Para alicerçar nossa investi- gação, recorremos às contribuições da Análise Dialógica do Discurso, tendo como aporte alguns conceitos-chave desenvolvidos por Bakhtin e o Círculo, tais como: diálogo e dialogismo. Da per- spectiva metodológica, foram propostos dois eixos. No primeiro, desenvolvemos o aporte teórico da pesquisa. No eixo prático, analisamos duas atividades didáticas sobre o emprego da pontuação. Os resultados apontaram consideráveis diferenças de abordagens sobre a pontuação entre as duas coleções, das quais destacamos a distribuição heterogênea do conteúdo em anos escolares distin- tos, bem como a concentração dada à modalidade oral para a abordagem da pontuação na coleção Português: uma proposta para o letramento.

Against the backdrop of the observant reform of Portugal in the XIV-XV centuries, viewed through seventeenth-century sources, especially the "chronicles" of Friar Manuel da Esperança and Friar Fernando da Soledade, this study draws attention to the establishment of several Franciscan houses throughout the period in question, as well as to the characteristics of the chosen places (almost always peripheral to urban centers), emphasizing the fidelity to the guidelines of the founder, Francisco de Assis, which reflected the choice for life forms very close to eremitism.

The present study shows the case of a 62 years old woman, whose only clinical data was a suspected cervical sarcoma. A liquid-based cytology and biopsies from the cervix and the endometrium were done and sent for diagnostic laboratory. The cytology showed numerous groups of a variable number of monotonous, small and round cells, having scarce cytoplasm in a diathesis background. The nuclei featured molding, hyperchromasia, “salt-and-pepper” chromatin and no nucleoli. Similar observations could be found with the biopsies, where atypical gland-like groups were also detected. This neoplasia showed positive immunostaining for neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3 clone antibodies), and a proliferative activity demonstrated by the nuclear marker Ki67/Mib1 immunorreactivity. The cytological, histological and imunohistochemical findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Of all the cervical tumors, this sort of malignancy is one of the rarest and has a very aggressive behavior, with poor prognosis and without effective treatment. Its cause may be related to the Human Papillomavirus infection, but this still remains in study.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the morphological pattern of cervicovaginal flora elements in liquid based SurePath™ cytology.Material and methods: During the period between May, 2010 and August, 2011, 10.166 gynecological samples preserved in liquid based SurePath were evaluated at Barretos Cancer Hospital, in order to identify cervicovaginal flora.Results: Data showed that Lactobacillus sp were observed in 48.92% of the exams, Bacilli in 25.19%, Cocci in 11.77%, Candida sp in 5.14%, Gardnerella sp in 11.41%, Trichomonas vaginalis in 0.57% and in 0.02% of the exams the effects of Herpes virus. Any microorganism was observed in 2.45% of the exams.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the liquid based preparation does not interfere with the identification of cervicovaginal flora.

O presente estudo reporta a citologia de uma mulher de 66 anos, que apresenta um epitélio atrófico com fundo inflamatório. Identificaram-se agregados tridimensionais de células glandulares com sobreposição celular, anisocariose, aumento nuclear, hipercromasia moderada, presença de nucléolos e cromatina grosseira, irregularmente distribuída. O diagnóstico citológico foi de células glandulares atípicas sem outra especificação, com inflamação. Posteriormente, realizou-se uma biópsia cujo diagnóstico foi carcinoma endometrial de tipo endometrióide. A paciente foi submetida a histerectomia total com anexectomia bilateral, confirmando-se o diagnóstico da biópsia.O diagnóstico de células glandulares atípicas é definido pela presença de células glandulares com alterações que ultrapassam as reativas/reparativas, mas sem características inequívocas de adenocarcinoma. No follow-up a maioria destes casos representa uma condição benigna. No entanto, um subconjunto significativo revela uma lesão pavimentosa de alto grau ou uma lesão neoplásica glandular, não sendo incomum a associação entre o diagnóstico de células glandulares atípicas e a presença de adenocarcinomas do colo uterino, endométrio, ovário e trompa de Falópio. A citologia tem uma especificidade relativamente elevada na deteção de patologia endometrial, apresentando um papel preponderante no diagnóstico de neoplasias. Neste caso, o reconhecimento de células glandulares atípicas, conduziu ao diagnóstico de carcinoma endometrial.

Cervical cancer is the ninth leading cancer in women in Portugal. Cervical cancer screening methods have changed since the implementation of the cytology-based test developed by George Papanicolaou until the human papillomavirus-based screening. Nowadays, new biomarkers like deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation has been proposed as potential triage method of samples testing positive for human papillomavirus The aim of this study was to optimize and compare three different DNA extraction methods for further methylation analysis. DNA from sixteen cervical samples collected in ThinPrep® PreservCyt was extracted by the phenol-chloroform method, by QIAamp® MinElute™ Media kit (QIAGEN, Hilden) and by Blood DNA Isolation Mini Kit (Norgen Biotek, Ontario). After quantification, DNA was modified by Sodium Bisulfite and amplified by Quantitative Specific Methylation Polymerase Chain Reaction for β-Actin gene. Finally, Cycle threshold (Ct) mean values were evaluated. The phenol-chloroform method had the higher sample input and, consequently allowed for a higher DNA quantity. Fifteen mL of sample allowed for get 13500ng with the phenol-chloroform method meanwhile 2mL of sample provided 8940ng with QIAamp® MinElute™ Media kit and 927ng with Blood DNA Isolation Mini Kit. However, commercial kits presented higher efficiency and advantages as being less time consuming and easier to perform. No significant differences were observed for amplification Ct values between the three DNA extraction methods neither between samples archived for ten or fourteen months. Concluding, the three methods provided DNA to amplification but the optimization of commercial kits turned out to be more advantageous.

Digital Cytology consists in the conversion of a glass slide into a digital image. The application of digital cytology in education, conferences, telecytology, publications and cytology websites has shown increased accessibility to cytology, along with the quality and efficiency improvement of the health services.In this study we intend to develop an Online Slide Library of gynecological cytology available to students for the gynecological cytologyOne hundred samples of gynecological cytology were selected and scanned by the whole slide imaging method. The Online Slide Library was created with HyperText Markup Language 5 and the digital images sharing within the Library was conducted using the institution network server.In education, the Online Slide Library developed allows the easier access to the study of gynecologic cytology as well as the access to rare and/or old samples. Also several students can observe the same case simultaneously with this method of digital cytology.The results of the present work allow to conclude that the Online Slide Library is a complementary tool for the gynecological cytology study.

The presence of endometrial cells is considered an alarming finding in gynecological smears of women in the second half of the menstrual cycle or after the age of 45 years. In particular, in post- menopausal women, the presence of atypical endometrial cells may represent a serious uterine pathology and requires a thorough evaluation.We report a case of a 77 year post-menopausal woman, who presented with vaginal bleeding without ecographic uterine alterations. Cervicovaginal cytology revealed the presence of abnormal endometrial cells in clusters, unusual in the clinical context of the woman. The cytological result was atypical glandular cells, favor neoplastic. Based on this result, the patient was submitted to an endometrial curettage, which was diagnosed as carcinosarcoma, and with a radical hysterectomy.Although the cytological result was not in accordance with the histological diagnosis, it indicates the necessity of studying the endometrium and the subsequent diagnosis of carcinosarcoma.

The incidence of endocervical adenocarcinoma is increasing, especially in women aged between 20 and 30 years. The increased incidence, according to recent studies, may be due to persistent HPV infections associated with endogenous and exogenous risk factors. The treatment of this cancer may require a total hysterectomy with consequent infertility and psychological trauma. This paper aims to draw attention to the development of adenocarcinoma in young women, and in addition, it is intended to reflect on the factors that may be associated with the appearance of this pathology and the causes related with late diagnosis, in order to avoid radical therapeutic actions. To this end, a clinical case is reported, following a screening cytology, of a 30 years-old woman with cytological diagnosis of atypical glandular cells not otherwise specified (AGC, NOS), that was sent to the Cervical Pathology Unit of the reference hospital. The second cytology has diagnosed endocervical adenocarcinoma, later confirmed histologically.

Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in the vagina is rare and there are few reported cases in the literature. This paper reports a case of a woman with an infiltrative mass in the vagina and a previous diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. The use of cervicovaginal liquid based cytology together with CK20 and CDX2 immunostaining allowed to confirm the neoplasia’s colorectal origin. This case enhanced the importance of the clinical history as well as the immunohistochemical staining in a diagnosis, since without them and just with the cellular characteristics observed the diagnosis could be of endocervical or endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Cervical and supraclavicular adipose tissue masses are relatively rare, being lipoma and hibernoma the most e less frequent forms. The present paper deals with a case of a 72-year-old patient with clinical history of right supraclavicular nodular lipomatous mass, with cytological diagnosis of probable hibernoma. The histology of the surgical specimen confirmed the cytological suspicion.

Anal cancer is rare but its incidence has been increasing particularly in the HIV-positive population in which HPV infection has increased persistence. Infection with high-risk HPV types is associated with the presence and progression of dysplastic lesions into anal cancer. For this reason, HIV positive population are considered a risk group, which should be referred for screening of anal lesions. In this article we report a clinical case of a 53-year-old HIV-positive man with discrepant cyto-histological diagnosis in which cytology has been diagnosing lesions of a higher grade than histology. The present work intends to alert to the importance of anal screening, especially in the risk groups and to the evaluation of discrepant diagnoses between cytology and histology.

Endocervical villoglandular adenocarcinoma is a rare subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma. It arises mainly in young and reproductive age women and it has a lower incidence and better prognosis compared to cervical adenocarcinoma. The present case study refers to a conventional cytology performed on a 48-year-old woman within a screening program carried out at a health center of the Local Health Unit of Matosinhos. The objective of this study is to verify the importance of the cytological sample collection method for a better observation and interpretation of the cytological findings in rare neoplastic entities, as well as to reinforce the importance of the application of complementary tests for the elaboration of a conclusive diagnosis. The cytological result of the present case report was atypical glandular cells (AGC) of the endocervical type. Subsequently, a biopsy of the uterine cervix, a conization and a curettage of endocervix were performed, whose histological diagnosis was well differentiated villoglandular adenocarcinoma from the endocervix.

A ocorrência simultânea de duas neoplasias malignas primárias é uma condição pouco frequente, predisposta por fatores ambientais e genéticos. Descrevemos o caso clínico de uma mulher de 50 anos, fumadora, com diagnóstico de linfoma linfocítico/ leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC). Após a deteção de um nódulo no lobo superior do pulmão direito e de múltiplas adenopatias mediastínicas, foi efetuada broncofibroscopia com citologia aspirativa transbrônquica por agulha fina guiada por ecografia endobrônquica dirigida aos gânglios linfáticos mediastínicos. Na amostra citológica identificaram-se células epiteliais malignas, que expressavam a proteína Fator de Transcrição da Tiroide 1 (TTF1) por imunocitoquímica, e uma população monomórfica de linfócitos cuja análise por citometria de fluxo caracterizou como linfoma linfocítico. Concluímos a existência de duas neoplasias no mesmo grupo adenopático: linfoma linfocítico e metástase de adenocarcinoma do pulmão. Este caso confirma os dados da literatura, que recomendam que o follow-up dos doentes com LLC deve contemplar a procura de tumores sólidos, dado estes doentes terem maior probabilidade de os desenvolver, nomeadamente tumores primários do pulmão, sendo o adenocarcinoma o mais frequente.

O carcinoma adenoescamoso é um tumor raro que representa cerca de 4% dos tumores cervicais. Este carcinoma ocorre maioritariamente em mulheres com cerca de 50 anos, podendo ocorrer em mulheres mais jovens e está também associado ao estado de gravidez e à infeção pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano.No presente trabalho, relata-se o caso de uma mulher de 45 anos, com coitorragias e uma lesão dura, elevada e hemorrágica no colo do útero, que foi submetida a citologia esfoliativa. O exame microscópico permitiu visualizar achados citológicos compatíveis com coexistência de componente pavimentosa- células pleomórficas com citoplasma denso com aumento da relação núcleo citoplasma - e componente glandular- pseudoestratificação, feathering e núcleos alongados. O relatório citológico foi de carcinoma pavimento celular, não excluindo a possibilidade de carcinoma adenoescamoso.No seguimento da doente, foi realizada biópsia ao colo uterino, cujo diagnóstico histológico foi de adenocarcinoma invasor produtor de muco com uma componente do tipo pavimentoso. Esta neoplasia faz diagnóstico diferencial principalmente com “tumores de colisão” onde ocorrem duas neoplasias primárias, uma glandular e outra pavimentosa.Para este tipo de tumor, a interpretação citológica pode ser desafiante, pela dificuldade de interpretar nos aspetos citomorfológicos a componente pavimentosa e glandular na mesma amostra.

ObjetivoO presente artigo pretende expor um caso de ausência de correlação entre os exames colposcópico, citológico e histológico.Apresentação do casoNuma consulta de ginecologia de rotina, a paciente, de 54 anos, realizou uma citologia ginecológica em meio líquido, cuja observação microscópica resultou no diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermóide. Posteriormente, a paciente foi encaminhada para uma sequência de consultas de follow-up, tendo realizado uma biópsia do colo que demonstrou marcada atrofia, sendo negativa para lesão intraepitelial; uma pesquisa e tipificação do vírus do Papiloma Humano positiva para os genótipos 35 e 56 (alto risco); e uma conização, da qual resultou um diagnóstico de lesão intraepitelial pavimentosa de baixo grau.DiscussãoApós a realização de pesquisa bibliográfica que relatasse exemplos de casos de discrepância entre a colposcopia, a citologia e a histologia, verificou-se que os falsos negativos, tanto na colposcopia, como nos exames histológicos, bem como a sobrevalorização do diagnóstico citológico, poderão ser hipóteses causais para a disparidade de resultados apresentados neste caso.ConclusãoEste estudo remete para a importância da correlação entre a citologia e a histologia, assim como a necessidade de comunicação entre os vários profissionais de saúde das diversas áreas envolvidas.

This article reports a case of a 42 year-old female patient diagnosed in 2011 with adenocarcinoma in situ and severe cervical intraepithelial neoplasia that was treated with trachelectomy. In November 2013 a vaginal vault cytology was performed, with cytological findings consistent with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion but also with the presence of cells that favour the diagnosis of high-grade intraepithelial lesion. Since it was not possible to grade the lesion as clearly low or high, it was attributed the result of squamous intraepithelial lesion of undetermined grade. In order to confirm and clarify the diagnosis, a biopsy was performed which showed results of severe squamous intraepithelial neoplasia without evidence of stromal invasion. Finally, the specimen was tested for human papillomavirus genotype, with a positive result for type 16. Cytologic diagnosis of intraepithelial lesions of undetermined grade present histologic outcomes that are statistically different from intraepithelial lesions of high and low grade, and are mostly associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus. This findings support retaining intraepithelial lesions of undetermined grade as a unique category in the Bethesda System, and define the management guidelines for this patients.

Ovarian cancer presents the highest mortality rate of all gynecological pathologies, since it is only diagnosed in an advanced stadium, when first symptoms appear. The study case represents a follow-up cytology, after a total hysterectomy for an undifferentiated ovary carcinoma. The cytological evaluation suggested an Adenocarcinoma, while the histological diagnosis of the nodular lesion revealed a relapse of Papillary Serous Ovarian Carcinoma. Performing the histological examination, in this and other cases, is a fundamental piece for the confirmation of the cytological diagnosis as well as for the differential diagnosis.