RCAAP Repository

Knowing the territory in which the Basic Health Unit works is a important element for the creation of strategies aimed at improving health services and the environment in which the population lives. In order for this identification to be efficient, it is necessary to seek out, create and explore tools to assist in this process. The objective of this research was to rescue the concepts and the stages for the territorialization in health and the strategies for its realization. A survey was carried out in the Google Academic and Lilacs databases, academic bibliography and institutional websites. It was found that the definition of the concepts of territorialization and the various instruments accessible or with more accurate technologies, such as questionnaires, maps, models and computerized systems, help in the planning and execution of activities in each stage of the knowledge process of the territory and of the population living in it. In this way, territorialization allows the reorganization of health practices based on the humanization of care and the needs of the community.

This research aims to analyse within the Mato Grosso do Sul State – Brazil context the occurrence of death by diseases from groups: CID-10: A00 – B99; some infectious and parasitic diseases; and C00-D48 – Neoplasia, between de years of 2007 and 2017. As methodology was used descriptive research, using the technique of documental and electronic research on the subject and the analysed object. The secondary data was provided by TabNet interface of the Mato Grosso do Sul State Health Bureau. Having examined the data, it seems that death events by diseases from group CID-10: A00 – B99 – some infectious and parasitic diseases – have had a decrease of 9,59% of mortality coefficient and 9,90% in its weight among the total number of deaths in the state. On the other hand, the group CID-10 C00-D48 – Neoplasia – shows an increase of 23,67% of mortality coefficient and 23,13% in its weight among the total number of deaths in Mato Grosso do Sul State. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Mato Grosso do Sul State is currently in a process of epidemiological transition, with significant variance in its mortality profile, pushed by the substantial increase of neoplasia in the period, emphasising the necessity of health policies for its new mortality profile.

The Federal Constitution of 1988 inaugurated an unprecedented political strategy in the country, conceiving the towns as federated entities with the same level of articulation as the States and the Union thus guaranteed the decentralization of public actions and services. In Health this trend was reaffirmed constituting what Dourado and Elias (2011) enunciate as brazilian sanitary federalism. From this perspective, this bibliographical and documentary survey seeks to understand how the institution of Brazilian federalism helped in the formation of health regions and how, over recent decades, this political strategy was adopted in the state of Pernambuco. The constitution of health regions seeks to ensure universal and equal access to the population in a decentralized and efficient manner. In this sense, over the years, guidelines have been established that constituted the regionalization of health in Brazil through decentralization. However, in these regions still present numerous obstacles that hinder the success of the regionalization policy in health from Brazil.

   

Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de adoecimentos mentais dos trabalhadores que atuam no seguimento de segurança privada. Método: Pesquisa de estudo quantitativo, descritivo e bibliográfico. Estudo realizado em uma empresa situada em Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Fizeram parte do estudo 281 trabalhadores do gênero masculino e feminino, que trabalham nos turnos diurno e noturno, com escala de trabalho 12/36h, cujos cargos de vigilante, porteiro, recepcionista, segurança pessoal, atendente de monitoramento eletrônico e demais administrativos, que tenham apresentado ASO (Atestado de Saúde Ocupacional) e suas respectivas classificações no CID-10 (Classificação Internacional de Doenças) categoria F (letra que identifica os transtornos), no período de janeiro/2012 à dezembro/2015. Resultados: Mediante tais evidências, concluiu-se que este seguimento de trabalho é carente de investigações e com os achados do estudo é considerada uma área geradora de patologias relacionadas ao adoecimento mental e agravantes de cunho físico.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the seasonal distribution of dengue in the city of Teresina in the year 2017, and to make an analysis correlating environmental aspects with the distribution of the disease. The study area corresponds to a semicircle around the urban area of Teresina, distant 288 m from the most peripheral region, being limited on the west by the state of Maranhão. The distribution of the number of dengue cases in the years 2015 to 2017 was evaluated. Rainfall and air temperature were evaluated for the year 2017. Remote sensing and the use of Landsat 8 images were used to estimate the water bodies, by the NDWI index, and the vegetable land cover by the NDVI index, from May to October 2017, considering the rainy season and the dry season. The results showed that the higher incidence of dengue in the first semester of the year is a reflection of the ideal conditions of the air temperature, the higher rainfall, which reflects on the larger surface occupied by water bodies and greater vegetation cover, favoring the development of the vector and disease. The results obtained with the present research clearly indicate the occurrence of the disease correlated with environmental factors and their seasonality. The analysis of this research can help the public power in the control of the vector and consequently of the disease, indicating that in the first half of the year must take more effective measures in the population control of Aedes aegypti.

O presente artigo tem por objetivo geral discutir os saberes relacionados à cura de doenças, movimentados em um contexto de modernidades múltiplas, por benzedeiras localizadas na região sul do Brasil e por indígenas Parintintin localizados ao norte, no Estado do Amazonas. Fala-se de uma outra abordagem de saúde e doença a partir da Geografia, em uma perspectiva híbrida e holística da percepção das ausências e emergências destes atores. São saberes distantes do logocentrismo, que articulados por comunidades tradicionais ou de forma autônoma por benzedeiras urbanas ou rurais representam um importante aporte cultural do Brasil. O saber-fazer dos Parintintin incorpora signos não indígenas na mesma medida em que as benzedeiras envolvem simbolismos modernos com suas tradições. Tratam-se, portanto, de saberes e práticas que possuem base cognitiva semelhante e que vão se metamorfoseando ao longo dos anos, organizando por e através deles outras experiências espaciais, além das tracionadas pelas instituições. De maneira resiliente enfrentam seus diferentes algozes na perpetuação de seus saberes e modos de vida.

Demographic Transition, Epidemiological Transition and Population Aging are interconnected processes and produce significant impacts on society. The change in demographic behavior, presenting different stages, is currently at the stage where fertility is reduced to minimum levels, impacting on the fall of the participation of the group of the children in the population, while the reduction of mortality and the elevation of the expectation contribute to the increase of the weight of the elderly group. As more people reach higher ages, there is a change in the pattern of diseases that affect the majority of the population and are the main causes of death. With older people, the typical diseases of aging take the lead in the diseases that most affect the population and cause most of the deaths. With the reduction of the group of children and the sustained increase of the group of the elderly, there is an intensification of the aging population, a process that causes profound changes in individuals, families and society as a whole and which requires a total adaptation of public policies to attend to citizens over 60 years of age.

The rupture of the Fundão dam, located in the municipality of Mariana-MG, occurred in November 2015, brought serious socio-environmental consequences, among them, the interruption of water abstraction in several localities. Considering the risk associated with human health, this study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of diarrheal diseases in children from zero to four years of age in the municipalities belonging to the Doce river watershed and their possible correlations with water supply and sewage services, as well as to investigate the possible influence of the rupture of the Fundão dam on the incidence rates of diarrheal diseases in the municipalities dependent on water capitation of the Doce river. Although there were no significant correlation between seasonality (Kruskal-Wallis), water and sewage services (Spearman) and the dam rupture on the incidence rates (Mann-Whitney), it was possible to observe that the infant population is the most vulnerable and the case distribution is concentrated over the years in the northern and eastern portions of the basin through spatial autocorrelation (Kernel and I de Moran). Therefore, it is necessary to adopt effective measures for the prevention and control of infantile diarrhea in the municipalities of the Doce river basin.

         

Leptospirosis is one of the major concern zoonoses in the world, as it has a wide geographic distribution, having been evidenced in more than half of the countries, being particularly prevalent in the Americas. The present study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leptospirosis in the city of Joinville / SC from 2007 to 2017. For the statistical analysis, descriptive analysis, normality, correlation and clustering techniques were adopted, involving the 43 neighborhoods of the municipality, with five descriptive variables. The present study indicated that the highest incidence of cases of the disease in Joinville is related to areas with low coverage of the sewage network, low middle income and medium to high population density and areas susceptible to flooding. The two neighborhoods with the highest number of cases, Vila Nova and Pirabeiraba, were notably the urban regions characterized by extensive flooded properties aimed at the cultivation of irrigated rice. The groups with the highest number of cases were located in areas close to mangroves and marginal areas of the city, with high susceptibility to flooding and high demographic density. The identification of these places was extremely important and allows a promising approach for a better implementation of public policies to combat waterborne diseases.

The present’s article shows part of the development and results of the social project promoted by the Support Foundation to the Institute of Technological Research (FIPT). The project was developed together with two junior companies, IO Jr (Oceanographic Institute - University of São Paulo) and IMar Jr (Instituto do Mar - Federal University of São Paulo). The Ilha Diana community is located in a portion of the Estuarine System of Santos where is located the largest port in Latin America: Santos Harbor. In order to perform an innovative analysis to identify the threats to health and quality of life to which the community population is exposed, the methodology developed had a multidisciplinary approach based on the evaluation of environmental and social parameters. The environmental parameters were composed by soil samples, organisms, marine sediment and water from the Diana River. The social parameters were composed by information provide from the Health, Education, Infrastructure, Economic-Financial, Sanitation, Sense of Belonging, Transportation and Communication of the community. Data integration was performed using Fuzzy logic. The results of environmental analyses indicated the constant need for monitoring these and aggregate risks, requiring the maintenance of systematic and lasting environmental studies, as well as the promotion of environmental education for residents community. From the social parameters evaluated it was possible to realize that the main threat to the quality of life of the population in relation to health is the lack of basic sanitation.

Objective: the present study aimed to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between organizational working conditions and health complaints and / or grievances in higher education teachers Methods: Five databases were searched through the keywords "university professors", "occupational risks", "worker's health" and Brazil. Were included original articles, master dissertations and doctoral theses, published between 2000 and 2016 in the English and Portuguese languages. Results: the review identified 162 studies that addressed the subject, of which 22 met the established criteria. The study evidenced several factors of the work interfering in the state of health of the teachers, triggering aggravations, with emphasis on changes in mental health, but also pointed personal fulfillment in the development of work activities and satisfactory quality of life. Conclusion: the sickness among university professors occurs mainly due to the exhaustion caused by the way of production of the work, which imposes an overload of activities, leaving them in a situation of vulnerability.

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions and organization, teaching career, lifestyle habits and pathological antecedents among the teachers of a Brazilian Federal university, as well as a prevalence of common mental disorders and its relationship with variables in study. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out using a structured, self-administered questionnaire and a standardized instrument validated in Brazil, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: 351 teachers were interviewed. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 29.6%. As risk factors were detected the fast work rate and bad relationship with co-workers and, as a protection factor, the practice of physical exercises. Conclusion: High job demands can influence harmful interpersonal relationships at work and vice versa. It is fundamental to adopt practices for health promotion, encouraging the accomplishment of physical activity, as well as the search for balance in the workplace with the maintenance of cordiality among the professionals involved.

The lack of sanitation and access to sewage captation and collection networks are crucial factors in the transmission of diseases, especially parasitic diseases that are related to excreta also being able to pollute the environment and interfere with health, with the main symptom being diarrhea. The objective of the research was to survey the occurrence of reports of cases of Acute Diarrheal Diseases in the eleven municipalities belonging to the Epidemiological Surveillance Group - VIII of Mogi das Cruzes, and relate them to sanitation indicators, from 2011 to 2015. Information for the research was obtained from the Computerized Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Ministry of Health provided by the Center for Epidemiological Surveillance of São Paulo, also in the annual reports of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo, and the National Secretariat of Environmental Sanitation of the Ministry. of the cities. Regarding Acute Diarrheal Diseases, it was observed that there was a relationship between the notifications and population served with treated water, population served with sewage and rural population of the municipalities. There was no relationship between notifications and collection rate and sewage treatability. Sanitation services are fundamental for health promotion, in this case, the reduction of acute diarrheal diseases.

The objective of this study was to analyze the occurrence of cases of human visceral leishmaniasis (LVH) and its proximity to the areas of social risk in the municipality of Natal-RN. We analyzed 285 confirmed cases of LVH recorded in SINAN in the period from 2008 to 2018. Kernel analysis was used to overlap the cases and the areas of social risk. The average annual distance from each point to the nearest risk area was calculated. Kernel density revealed that the occurrence of cases is more prevalent in peripheral areas, mainly in areas located in the north and west, and overlapping the areas of social risk. The average distance between the cases and the closest risk area was 445 meters. There was a reduction in the mean distance between the cases and the areas of social risk each year, in the period of 2008 and 2013, and an increase in the period from 2014 to 2018. The shortest average distance was recorded in 2012 (227 meters) and the highest was in 2017 (677 meters). Spatial modeling showed that the dynamics of the occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis in the municipality of Natal-RN is related to the proximity of the areas of social risk.

     

A vigilância de epizootias em primatas não humanos (PNH) é uma importante estratégia que visa, prioritariamente, a identificação precoce da circulação viral dos agentes da febre amarela e da raiva, na prevenção de riscos à saúde da coletividade. O presente artigo, de cunho descritivo, analítico e retrospectivo, utilizou dados da vigilância passiva de epizootias em PNH realizada pelo Centro de Controle de Zoonoses e Doenças de Transmissão Vetorial de Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2017 a 2018. No período estudado as epizootias envolveram 203 PNH, da família Callitrichidae. Foram analisados laboratorialmente somente 81,8% (n=166) dos primatas recolhidos, em função do estado de conservação das carcaças. A região Oceânica de Niterói e o bairro Fonseca destacaram-se na quantidade de carcaças recolhidas, havendo concentração em áreas de média e alta densidades de urbanização do município. Houve predomínio do aparecimento de carcaças no período de janeiro a maio. Não foram encontrados PNH positivos para raiva e foi encontrada prevalência baixa de febre amarela nos animais analisados laboratorialmente (1,26% em 2017 e 0,6% no período), com identificação de um único caso, no período pré-sazonal.

This research analyzed occupational accidents with biological materials that took place in the city of Uberaba, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The events analyzed were reported by the Epidemiological Surveillance sector between 2013 and 2017. This is a retrospective descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data was collected from records of the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). The total of 1,160 accidents with biological materials were reported over the period analyzed. We found a significant increase in the number of events in 2016 and 2017, with 305 and 415 events, respectively; the Work Accident Report (CAT) was filled in 68.8% of the records analyzed; 45.5% of workers had a formal contract, and only 3.4% of the companies were outsourcing providers; 32.8% of workers involved in accidents had complete high school; 40.8% were nursing technicians; 78% were women; and 42% were between 25 and 34 years old. Percutaneous accidents were the most common, responsible for 74.6% of the events; lumen needle was present in 58%; 52.4% of the reports indicated procedures with piercing-cutting equipment; blood was the organic material found in 79.1% of the records; workers were wearing gloves in 75.8% of the accidents and an apron in 42%. These research results contribute to the comprehension of such accidents, helping to define practices to solve this problem.

Objective: The present study evaluated the perception of society on capybaras and related problems in a non-endemic area for Brazilian spotted-fever. Method: As methodological instruments for data collection, the focus group and the semi-structured individual interview were used. Results: At one extreme are those most disinterested due to reduced or lack of experience, and, on the other hand, those with greater involvement given by the contact and experiences. It was noticed that, despite differences among individuals and groups, prevailing perceptions exposed in this work are the result of a mixture of information from television, other media and third parties. Knowledge, although more precise and technical in the case of the public power and groups of technicians under training in University, was predominantly vague and/or fragmented, in some cases conflicting. Conclusion: The problems with capybaras are multifaceted, fundamentally ecological and complex and do not admit quick solutions. To ameliorate this reality is to subtract from society key elements for rational and effective decision making as well as the notion of the liens and bonuses of each choice. The absence of this real perception in the citizens certainly arouses dissatisfaction and civil disobedience regardless of decisions taken.