RCAAP Repository

Objetivo: Analisar o avanço dos casos confirmados da COVID-19 em Goiás nos intervalos temporais de 16 de março à 01 de maio de 2020 e estimar quantidade de casos confirmados nos municípios goianos até o dia 10 maio. Métodos: Cálculo do risco de contaminação nos municípios goianos e do Distrito Federal, elaboração dos mapas de riscos a partir da interpolação destes dados pelo método IDW e análise do padrão de crescimento dos casos por meio dos modelos de regressão (linear e polinomiais) Resultados: Maiores caso da COVID-19 ocorreram nas proximidade dos principais eixos rodoviários: BR-153 e BR-060, intensificação o risco de contaminação nas cidades mais populosas, a capital Goiânia, Aparecida de Goiânia e a região do entorno do Distrito Federal. A regressão polinomial de 2ª ordem teve o menor erro de previsão que o modelo linear e o de 3ª ordem. Conclusão: A análise espacial foi precisa na identificação das regiões de maior risco de propagação, com maior intensidade nas principais rodovias federais e nas cidades mais populosas. O modelo de regressão polinomial de 2 ª ordem demonstrou eficiente na progressão dos casos confirmados da doença no período avaliado neste trabalho, podendo direcionar ações voltadas à saúde pública.

Este trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada sobre o gerenciamento dos resíduos de um hospital público no município de Coari-AM com o objetivo de analisar o modo como os resíduos são descartados e verificar se os procedimentos estão em conformidade com as exigências legais das resoluções brasileiras que dispõem sobre o gerenciamento do lixo hospitalar. A pesquisa foi realizada na área externa do hospital onde foi observado os tipos de resíduos descartados na lixeira externa, a forma de armazenamento, segregação, identificação, coleta e transporte até a disposição final. A lixeira armazenava resíduos do Grupo A (infectantes), Grupo D (comum) e Grupo E (perfurocortantes) em sacos plásticos ou em caixas de papelão e que, posteriormente, eram despejados no lixão. Foi constatado que o hospital descumpre as orientações determinadas pela Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada n° 222/2018 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e Resolução n° 358/2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente sobre o descarte de seus resíduos.  

O artigo analisa a literatura científica sobre os impactos à saúde humana no contexto de implantação de empreendimentos hidrelétricos. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, especificamente artigos publicados em periódicos revisados por pares, emergiram três eixos temáticos: doenças causadas por arboviroses e protozoários; acometimentos psicossociais na população atingida e associação com o alcoolismo; e violência e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. A literatura aponta fragilidades dos processos de avaliação prévia, durante e no monitoramento posterior à implementação, dos estudos sobre os impactos sociais e ambientais na saúde das populações atingidas, bem como reforça a necessidade da construção coletiva e sistêmica de possibilidades e ações mitigadoras dos projetos.

The history that underlies human health care and practices is marked by a mix of magical practices/theories and scientific experiments, and has evidenced, since antiquity, empirical principles. The medicine, one of these practices, was limited to members of the upper classes and those with power as well as treatments. However, another rationality was operationalized by the lower classes. They were actors, holders of knowledge and alternative practices, to the official model, who contributed by providing care to populations without access to official medicine. Given the exposed, the work aims to discuss two points: 1. In our society there are different conceptions for health, depending on medical rationality, the place and the subject that holds them, causing the impoverishment of diagnoses and treatments for full health. Thus, the objective is to investigate: the postmodern scientific rationality and the conception of the biomedical model of health; and the model of alternativities on health. 2. The discussion of alternativities is relevant to the area of ​​Geography of Health, which can assist in legitimizing subjects and discussing complex medical systems and traditional and complementary therapies. Thereat, an analysis of the state of the art of perspectives on health alternatives will be carried out from the articles of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Health Geography - Hygeia, since its first publication in 2005, until June 2020. The objective is to understand which are the discussions and theoretical/methodological aspects in vogue, and the place of alternativities throughout the 15 years. As considerations, it is revealed the need to discuss alternativities within Geography of Health, fundamental to the legitimation of practices and subjects allocated within the, unofficial, alternatives to health, as well as for the construction of another epistemology of health.

O estudo objetivou analisar a distribuição espacial da LTA em Tucuruí e a sua relação com variáveis socioambientais e epidemiológicas, no período de 2012 a 2016. Os dados epidemiológicos foram obtidos no SINAN da SESPA e os cartográficos, populacionais, unidades de conservação e terras indígenas, foram obtidos no IBGE. Os ambientais foram obtidos no PRODES. As análises dos casos e da relação espacial destes com o desflorestamento utilizaram o Bioestat 5.0 e o ArcGis 10.5.1, respectivamente. O município teve 286 casos confirmados, distribuídos de forma não homogênea em seus setores censitários.  Os indivíduos mais acometidos foram do sexo masculino, adultos, pardos, baixo nível de escolaridade e moradores da zona urbana. Foi verificado na série histórica um aumento de casos de LTA e do incremento do desmatamento. A análise espacial mostrou a presença de dois aglomerados de casos localizados na área urbana. Foi observado também a existência de um mosaico de ocupações e terras indígenas. A LTA é um grande e complexo problema de saúde pública em Tucuruí, relacionado à fatores de riscos socioambientais, gerados e condicionados pela insuficiência de políticas públicas no município, que pode ter contribuído para a exposição da população local a vários fatores de risco da doença.

No presente artigo são aplicadas diferentes metodologias e ferramentas, disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), na análise da distribuição espacial da Covid-19 no Estado de Alagoas. Para isso, representa espacialmente os casos de Covid-19 por municípios, a densidade demográfica, a incidência por 100 mil habitantes e as taxas de mortalidade por 100 mil habitantes. Através dos métodos de figuras geométricas proporcionais, do coroplético univariado e bivariado e da técnica de anamorfose foram gerados diferentes mapas. Com isso, os resultados mostram como os produtos cartográficos podem representar o espaço geográfico, o território e as rugosidades que estão presentes em ambos os conceitos. Além disso, correlaciona os dados acima com outras questões, como econômicas e sociais, que são importantes para entender a sociedade e como suas relações ocorrem. Conclui-se que as melhorias em geotecnologias nos últimos anos foram essenciais para ampliar as possibilidades de compreensão do espaço/território, o que permite diferentes aplicações de métodos cartográficos na análise espacial do fenômeno geográfico.

This research aims to understand the relationship between the limitations with the occupational risks of workers with disabilities who work in university and dental hospitals in Uberlândia, in addition to identifying what these limitations are and how their work is. From the 1970s, it was possible to differentiate the concepts of pathology, disability, limitations and disability. In this context, in the 1980s it was common to designate a person with a disability as defective, disabled, crippled and other denominations. After that period, the correct name was “disabled people”, soon after deepening the studies they went on to “people with disabilities” and, from the 90's, “people with disabilities”, a name that still stands. People with disabilities had their insertion in the labor market in a troubled historical context due to changes in work. From this juncture, these workers deserve special attention due to their history of struggles. Two methodological approaches were used in this study: the quantitative and the qualitative. To capture these experiences, systematic observation of everyday aspects of the subject was used as instruments. The research was carried out at the University Hospital of Uberlândia (HC / UFU) and Hospital Odontológico (HO / UFU).

Objetivo: Apresentar a varredura espacial como instrumento para identificar clusters de dengue e fatores associados à epidemias em Belo Horizonte/MG. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, com casos de dengue notificados entre 2007 e 2010. Para identificação de clusters utilizou-se a estatística de varredura espacial Scan. A regressão logística investigou a associação entre clusters e o índice de infestação predial (IIP), proporção de imóveis verticalizados (PIV), densidade de ovos de Ae. aegypti (DO), cobertura de visitas de agentes de endemia e densidade populacional. Resultados: Ocorreram 76.592 casos de dengue e identificados 5 clusters por período: em 2007/2008 os agregados concentraram 30% da população e 67% dos casos; 2008/2009 agruparam 13% da população e 60% dos casos e em 2009/2010 concentraram 34% da população e 62% dos casos. Houve associação com IIP em 2007/2008 (OR=5,0; p<0,01) e alta DO em 2008/2009 (OR=8,4; p=0,01) e 2009/2010 (OR=9,5; p<0,01). Conclusão: A associação dos clusters aos indicadores operacionais revela a importância da utilização, por parte dos serviços de saúde, de estratégias de monitoramento entomológico que, associadas a varredura especial, podem contribuir no fortalecimento da vigilância territorializada da dengue para a determinação de áreas de risco e o planejamento de intervenções mais oportunas.

The direct relationship between human health and environmental quality reflect the social aspects of a given population, especially in pandemic times. The research aimed to relate confirmed cases from Covid-19 in Maranhão counties to socioeconomic aspects, sanitation coverage and preventive health. The research analyzed the municipalities of the State of Maranhão.The research analyzed the municipalities of the State of Maranhão. For that purpose, thematic maps of the variables were prepared and the spatial correlation analysis was performed using the Moran Index (Global and LISA).This research showed that in the Northern, Central and Eastern regions of Maranhão exhibited the worst socioeconomic indicators and the highest concentration of confirmed cases of Covid-19.In relation to the socioeconomic aspects, it is noted that social inequality, lack of collection and treatment of domestic sewage and low Municipal Human Development Index are potential diffusers of the disease.In addition, there is also a positive correlation between the data from the lowest socioeconomic index and preventive health in the state of Maranhão. This analysis will contribute to the application of public policies regarding health and the relationship with environmental and socioeconomic quality in the most vulnerable regions of the State of Maranhão.

The present study aims to analyze and discuss the social and eating behaviors of market participants, as well as to evaluate the meanings about “fair food” and their meanings of healthy eating. Situated in the field of socio-anthropology and health, the research was developed from a qualitative approach, built from direct observation with record in a field diary and semi-structured interviews containing guiding questions. The reults were organized into four categories, these being: “First look at the fair”, which presents an overview of the space under study; Faces of the reform: “the fair today seems to have an owner”, who discusses the impacts of the recent reform of the open market; “Becoming a market trader”, which discusses the construction of the market trader profession; Fair food: “there are all kinds of food here”, where an analysis of the food in the open market and the meaning of healthy is made. With this study it is concluded that the free Market, from the perspective is of the marketers is configured as a scenario beyond the distribution and commercialization of food. Perceptions about market food and the nuances of the healthy concept also go beyond nutritional aspects and include socially constructed values.

This study objectified to analyze the spatial distribution of mortality from oral cancer in 2018 and associated social factors in Brazil. This is an ecological study of deaths from oral cancer aggregated in 161 Intermediate Regions of Urban Articulation using the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) and the Gini Index as independent variables. Mortality coefficients were calculated and the Local Empirical Bayesian method was used. As a result, it found the mortality due to oral cancer in Brazil had spatial autocorrelation. In the classic multivariate regression model, the Gini index showed an inversely proportional relationship to mortality from oral cancer. In the Spatial Lag and Spatial Error models, the last one presented the best parameters: R2 = 0.4319; Likelihood Log = -242.805; AIC = 491.611 and SBC = 500.855. It can concludes that the MHDI and the Gini Index are predictive variables for death from oral cancer in Brazil, enabling a more targeted action.

Paracatu is a historical Brazilian mining town, located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais. It is currently known for its large gold production through the exploration of the largest open pit mine in the world, operated by the company Kinross Brazil Mining. This grandeur can also be observed in the social and environmental impacts affected by the productive activity. The objective was to identify the relationship between the social and environmental impacts produced by the industrial mining, and the health and well-being problems identified in the population. Thus, we analyzed the process of illness of residents, from the DATASUS SIH / SUS database, as well as the literature and documentary about the risks of mining production on the health and welfare of residents and semi-structured interviews with residents living in neighboring neighborhoods of the productive activity of the mining company. It was found that the health conditions and the process of illness of part of the population are closely related to mining practices.

Com o intuito de contribuir com os estudos das relações entre clima e saúde, o presente artigo tem como objetivo espacializar o número de internações em decorrência do câncer de pele no Brasil durante o período compreendido entre 2008 e 2018, evidenciando quais são os fatores ambientais e sociais preponderantes para a ocorrência dos registros médicos. Por meio de levantamento e análise bibliográficos, pesquisa em bancos de dados e produção de mapas, os resultados indicam que os estados da Região Sul do Brasil estão entre os cinco que apresentaram os maiores números de internações. Os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do câncer de pele podem estar associados ao ambiente físico, herdados e/ou podem representar hábitos ou costumes próprios de um determinado ambiente social e cultural. No entanto, o maior fator de risco ambiental consiste nas reações fotobiológicas que os diferentes comprimentos de ondas ultravioletas, emitidos no processo de radiação solar, produzem em contato com a pele humana, dentro de um histórico de exposição – sendo a radiação UVB a mais agressiva entre as existentes.

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of non-lethal and lethal violence against women in the state of Pernambuco. Methods: Ecological study, with the municipality as the unit of analysis, which used data on the notification of violence against women registered in the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, Homicides in the Mortality Information System and Feminicides in the Police Information System, in the period of 2016 and 2018. The rates of violence, homicides and femicides, for the municipalities, were based on the global empirical Bayesian estimator. To identify the spatial dynamics, the risk ratio between the smoothed rates for 2016 and 2018 was calculated. Results: There was a 52.2% increase in notifications of violence against women, between 2016 (8,151 cases) and 2018 (12,407 cases). The relative risk of violence doubled in 101 of the municipalities (55%). There was a reduction in the rates of female homicides and femicides. The spatial distribution showed a cluster of municipalities in the state's Sertão macro-region with a higher risk of non-lethal and lethal violence against women. Conclusion: the spatial analysis showed the need for improvements in public policies aimed at protecting women, as well as the expansion of specialized services to priority areas. Keywords: Violence Against Women; Homicide; Spatial Analysis; Vital Statistics; Mortality.

Accident involving venomous animals is a problem with compulsory notification. Due to the large number of cases in the Minas Gerais State and the lack of information about the disease in Uberlândia, the study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of accidents by venomous animals in municipality (2014-2018). This was an observational, descriptive, retrospective research, based on secondary data extracted from the Compulsory Notification forms. Of the 1676 cases analyzed, 1605 referred to accidents involving venomous animals. Accidents occurred mainly in urban areas, in women for all venomous animals, except snakes, and the most affected age group was 18-60 years. Scorpions were the main aggressors, followed by snakes, spiders and bees. The victims sought medical attention quickly, most cases were mild and did not receive serotherapy. Almost all cases evolved to cure and few deaths were recorded. Accidents caused by scorpions/snakes occurred more in the rainy months of the year and, for spiders/bees, the cases were constant over the months. The anatomical regions most affected were the head, followed by upper limbs and trunk for bees, and lower and upper limbs for spiders, scorpions and snakes. The main local manifestation was pain, systemic manifestations were less common and rare complications.

O conhecimento do clima local constitui um importante fator para o estudo do ambiente, bem como a busca de melhor qualidade de vida para a população. Complementando esta ideia, a literatura tem demonstrado que algumas variáveis climáticas, tais como os extremos de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, podem influenciar na ocorrência de algumas doenças, denominadas doenças sensíveis ao clima (DSC). Neste sentido, o presente estudo tem o objetivo de correlacionar os extremos termo-higrométricos e os registros de doenças respiratórias em Campo Grande-MS. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram utilizados os dados da Estação Meteorológica de Campo Grande, pertencente a rede de estações do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia. Foram utilizados, também, os registros de doenças respiratórias disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do SUS. De posse destes dados, os mesmos foram tabulados, classificados e, a partir daí, feita a correlação dos dados utilizando o coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson. Como resultados, foi possível observar uma correlação, tanto positiva como negativa, dos extremos termo-higrométricos e as doenças respiratórias em Campo Grande-MS, sobretudo nos dados compilados de toda a série histórica (2002-2017) e no ano que ocorreu o maior número de óbitos (2016), apresentando índices de correlação mais próximos de 1 ou -1. Diante dos resultados obtidos, a presente pesquisa serve de base para as diversas áreas do conhecimento que necessitam destas informações para aprimoramento científico, bem como para nortear políticas públicas de saúde que busquem a melhoria do bem-estar social e ambiental da população.

The need to find answers in less and less time or to present an idea as quickly as possible causes you to encounter certain words or terms that are not always perceived or if they are, that there is no time to understand in more depth. This situation is present, for example, when working with a specific problem and mentioning an area, discipline, field or other denomination just to situate the reader. In the case of Health Geography, several classifications have been used when mentioned, either for a specific need or a work context, as well as several different denominations that deal with themes similar to that of Health Geography, but because they are in the within another science, they are little known. In this way, this article seeks to understand how Health Geography is classified and how it is influenced by other sciences, resulting in several nomenclatures with close meanings. For this research, the following steps were performed: a) bibliographic survey; b) literature review and; c) comparative analysis. As main results, it was noticed that Health Geography, when treated by Geography professionals, can be understood as a nodal space, forming a methodological platform, as it shares themes related to various disciplines to form its object of interest, but using the theoretical and methodological bases of Geography. When Health Geography is being presented to other professionals, it provides a specific way of looking at a specific problem, enabling the search for solutions from other bases. There are many similar denominations that also seek problems that are of interest to Health Geography, however, due to being in other sciences, they have different theoretical and methodological bases.

With the advent of COVID - 19, research to contain its dispersion is increasingly necessary and immediate. Relating socioeconomic indexes and cases of notification of the disease, in a cut of time and space is a way to know the distribution pattern of this geographically and plan actions for decision making. This work applied the life condition index (ICV), elaborated from the census sectors of the 2010 IBGE Census and correlated it to the cases of notification of COVID - 19, using a GIS (Geographic Information System) for the period of March to September 2020, referring to the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu (PR). Among the main results, a relatively low ICV was obtained for the census sectors that make up the municipality (0.1 - 0.3). The overlapping of data from absolute notifications and COVID - 19 case concentrations by census sector indicated geographical proximity between those with the highest ICV (0.4 - 0.6) and their lowest surrounding sectors (0.1 - 0.3). The analysis of the main comorbidities associated with COVID - 19 also indicated proximity between the high ICV sectors and their contiguous low ICV sectors. Point differences between some areas of the city were observed.

Pharmacy-Adjacent Clinics (CAF) are part of a corporate business model, whose private services provide medical assistance to citizens. This study analyses the spatial distribution of CAF in two Metropolitan Areas (ZM) of Mexico, Querétaro and Toluca, both of which have similar territorial dynamics, albeit in different ways, and have responded to economic and industrial stimuli. The purpose is to know if there is a spatial distribution, and if it is concentrated, diffuse or a random product and how it has behaved from 2010 to 2019.To do this, a point pattern analysis was carried out, using three indicators, the average number of nearest neighbours, the spatial autocorrelation of the Moran Index and finally the high/low grouping of Getis-Ord. The main results show a concentrated distribution of CAF, especially in the urban localities of both ZM, leaving rural localities unprotected.  In addition, there is a concentration at the beginning of 2010, which is consistent with the health regulations in Mexico in that same year, but they are beginning to be decentralized, especially in the Toluca MPA, as they approach 2019.

     The present paper aims to analyze the spatial distribution of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the State of Bahia, between the period of March, 2020 to June, 2020, while it searchs to analyze the critical care beds' distribution of and the population with higher age to 60 years, owing to the possibility of allocating equipment to support intensive health based on the patterns of disease spread and the concentration of the elderly. Therefore, using the data from the Epidemiological Bulletins of the Health Secretariat of the State of Bahia (SESAB, 2020) and the COVID Portal (IBGE, 2020), the tools of the Geographic Information System were used to qualify and analyze the distribution of COVID -19. The results show that the virus's dispersion in the territory's state had a strong relationship with the major road and air routes in the state. Thus, until June 2020, 93.52% of the state's municipalities did not have ICU beds, in addition, alarming data stands out for the number of cases and deaths in the Metropolitan Identity Territory of Salvador, as well as the high incidence rate for the southern region of the state, among others. With regard to the number of ICUs, there is a concentration of beds in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, while the municipalities with the highest recommendations for the elderly are concentrated in the Midwest of the state, in small municipalities, with fragile health networks, which arouses the need for planning health actions. In the end, this work is legitimized by recognizing spatial patterns of dispersion routes and providing relevant information for understanding and mitigating damage related to the COVID-19's pandemic.