RCAAP Repository

Apresentação da edição 2019/1 - Revista Oficina do Historiador

This article aims to explain the influence of internal conflicts on the emergence of Mozambican National Resistance (RNM) and the population’s adhesion to the Guerrilla movement as a way to recover its identity. Also, this article will explain the periods of Renamo’s political and strategic transformations from 1976 to 1992. However, the Renamo is a guerrilla movement founded in 1976 and began its armed incursions in 1977 in the province. de Manica and Sofala after the independence of Mozambique, with a discourse turned in the struggle against Marxist-Leninist that the country was going through at the time.

This article intends to explore the social reproduction of the city of Porto Alegre in the column A Cidade, signed by the chronicler Roque Callage, in the newspaper Diário de Notícias. To this explore this factor, texts such as Roger Chartier, Pierre Bourdieu and Émile Durkheim are used as theoretical contributions, as well as some Callage chronicles. The research presents and discusses topics such as Habitus and Social Fields, as well as Symbolic Production Fields, which help to understand the relations and social representations of Porto Alegre in Callage’s conception. It is possible to perceive in A Cidade not only the various points of view that the chronicler has of the Rio Grande do Sul capital, but also also the configuration of a multiple society and the result of tensions between groups with distinct social capitals. The diverse ambiences through which the chronicler Roque Callage transits allow to legitimize his role as an observer of urban changes, relations, approximations and disputes between the distinct groups that form the social fields of Porto Alegre.

This article aims to present a contribution to the debate on the meaning of the “Lulist” political-economic cycle in Brazil and the reasons for its dramatic decline. The text seeks to point out some of the causesfor the exhaustion of a model that posed itself as an alternative to the liberalism that characterized the 1990s, also called neoliberalism or the Washington Consensus. In our hypothesis, one of the reasons for the exhaustion of the class conciliation formula symbolized by Lula was the strengthening of a capitalist reproduction pattern that exporters of productive specialization, embodied in the agribusiness and financial activities sector. Although the large trade surpluses provided by this sector were decisive for the social programs that ensured the political success of Lulism, when the economic environment changed after the 2008 world crisis, agribusiness became the pivot of a realignment in the region power bloc, which expressed itself in the collapse of Lulism in the 2016 impeachment.

This article is the first researching outcome that resulted in the analysis of the criticisms and resistances in the photographs of Evandro Teixeira, published on the Cover of the Culture Booklet entitled Caderno B of the Jornal do Brasil, during the Civil-Military Regime. The analysis focuses more precisely on the photographer’s participation in the Culture Book, which runs from March 1963 to Amnesty, in August 1979. We consider the expression of visual discourse as the main focus, and verbal discourse, as input to support, in order to analyze journalistic representations. We present a brief approach on the importance of Caderno B to culture in the national journalistic press, followed by a contextualization of Evandro Teixeira’s work to understand, even partially, his trajectory. Although widely explored in scientific work, there are few studies on the photographer dedicated to emphasizing the perception of the insertion of his photos in the Cultural Notebooks; photographs that go beyond the culture and acts of the high society of Rio de Janeiro to denounce and criticize the current system. Evandro Teixeira’s photos and accompanying news sometimes demonstrate proximity to the drama’s media discourse. His simplified speech, often of an affective format, brought to light a message that readers could easily understand. Time seems to flow in his photos, as if the past were presented, or as if there were a spiral flowing now; or from another angle, sometimes to return to an event that seems to be again what it once was, only different - or both at the same time, in the fabric of a temporal network.

The article presents some reflections from authors who approach the relationship between History, Images and Politics, among them Régis Debray, Carlo Ginzburg, Peter Burke, and Walter Benjamin. With anemphasis on the relationship between image and power and political propaganda, the present text points to theoretical facts capable of guiding political iconography analysis exercises in History teaching, presentingproposals of activities and exercises performed with basic education students.

The purpose of this article is to understand the symbolic representation of Haitian immigration to the Taquari Valley/RS in the newspaper O Informativo do Vale, Lajeado/RS. What is the speech made by the Vale Newsletter? The hypothesis pursued is that the journal develops a cultural as well as an economic discourse. The time frame established is focused on the years 2012 until the end of 2017, considering the migratory wave of the period. The destination was chosen taking into account a number of variables, including culture and the provision of working conditions, and the Taquari Valley became attractive, as several companies, especially in the food and construction industry, found difficulties in hiring labor. The methodology used is qualitative, based on the analysis of the articles published by the journal with the largest regional circulation, as well as the literature review and data collection from the reports. Initially, the theoretical framework is addressed. Then, the newspaper is characterized as a journalistic company. Finally, an analysis is made of the symbolic representation of Haitian immigration in the periodicals.

Entrevista sobre estudos biográficos e história com o Prof. Dr. Jocelito Zalla (CAp-UFRGS).

The concept of “heterodiscourse” (raznorétchie), such as developed by Mikhail Bakhtin, constitutes a powerful and yet still rarely used methodological tool for historians, in particular for the study of literary sources. Understanding it, at first, as the incorporation of the speech of others in the novel, this text intends to elaborate this formulation more deeply. This will be done through dialogue with other traditional concepts of the Bakhtinian arsenal, such as “dialogism” and “polyphony”, but not only. Based on some episodes of Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote (1605-1615), my intention is to elaborate and demonstrate, from the concept of heterodiscourse, analysis tools that could be useful to historians. At first, I formulate the idea of “degree of objectification of language”, seeking to address the complex issue of the authenticity of object representation through language. In a second, more important moment, I propose the systematization of heterodiscourse at progressive levels of different depths – what I called “heterodiscursive levels” – aiming to embrace the multiple layers of social voices present in a novel and better capture the historical reality through which these are circumscribed.

The article analyzed the proposal of extinction of the slave trade to Brazil made by the Brazilian historian Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen at the Memorial orgânico (1849-1850-1851). In a context of English pressure for its suppression and intense debate about slavery and its impact on the country’s social and economic life in the mid-nineteenth century, Varnhagen defended the need to end this secular practice as one of the ways to assist in the development of slavery. Empire, placing it in the position of strong and respectable nation before the civilized world. To this end, it was necessary to deal more slowly with the Brazilian political conjuncture at the time and how the issues of trafficking and slavery appeared in the debates between prominent figures of the literate scenario such as José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos and Tavares Bastos. The content of the Memorial, therefore, demonstrated how well the São Paulo historian was up to date with the political agenda of the Empire of Brazil in the mid-1800s, using experience as a historian to address such a pressing issue. In 1850, under the Eusébio de Queiroz Law, the slave trade to Brazil was finally abolished, British pressure, but also the fear of rebellion, the yellow fever outbreak associated with trafficking and an anti-slavery internal opinion contributed to this measure get out of the role at that time of consolidation of imperial power in the Second Reign.

This paper discusses the possibilities of a ontografic approach to the questioning of things, or what we call “material culture”. An embedded approach in the context of the call Ontological Turn, from the study of otherness that from the things in this case produced by the other, seeks to “translate” into concepts ontology another and compare the raised conceptual differences during the process. A translative comparison between concepts produced by both theoretical agents: the native and the anthropologist. Studies of things in recent years have turned to more literalistic conceptions of even the very definition of “thing”, especially when two or more “worlds” are involved in the equation. In Anthropology, the debate on the Ontological Turn occurs with greater speed and intensity, turning to the core of the discipline itself, shaking some modern foundations that formed the own doing anthropological. It is from this debate, still in progress, that the discipline that uses things as its source, Archaeology, has been seeking to refocus its analysis on the collections resulting from its research.

Apresentação: Oficina do Historiador 2019/2

This essay hopes to address the communicative and expressive qualities of material culture and of stuff, regardless of any chronological limit and through an interdisciplinary dialogue with archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, sociologists, economists, psychologists and philosophers. My expectancy to this text is to incorporate into the study of material culture the interference of things as well as stuff into the record and archaeological practices. Recent studies of material culture emphasizes the meaning of things as well as stuff and start from the idea that they can be perceived and seen as signs that help their owners and users in their communicative processes, and in the formation of identities. I believe that perceiving these processes as a dynamic network of interrelations will help establish accurate and participatory phenomenological connections with other members of society, and better understand the symmetrical relationships between people, things, and stuff.

Inserted within the environmental history and the present time, this article describes and analyzes some transformations caused by the process of modernization of agriculture in the northern state of Rio Grande do Sul, between 1975 and 2017, from the case study of agricultural establishments located in the municipalities that make part of the Association of Municipalities of Upper Uruguay (AMAU). For this, the main source of research is the information and data contained in the Agricultural Census conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), highlighting the following variables: number and area of agricultural establishments; busy staff; schooling; needs of receiving technical assistance; fertilizer and pesticides use. The study indicates that the agriculture model adopted in this region, especially since the 1970s, had several social and environmental impacts that are contradictory to the sustainable development proposal established by the United Nations (UN), currently consolidated in “Agenda 2030”, of which Brazil is a signatory.

This article aims to discuss the foundations of green ideology (also called environmentalist or ecologist) and to demonstrate how these environmentalist ideas manifested themselves in the debates of the 1970s, establishing a relationship between international discussions and what happened in Brazil. The authors who analyze green ideology highlight different central elements of the movement, with no single approach or bias, which contributes to characterize the complexity of this thinking. In Brazil, as a result of the analysis, it was noticed that the country had a lot of resistance to environmental ideas in the 1970s, mainly for perceiving the issue as another form of domination of the center in relation to the periphery and for living a period of “economic miracle” in a land-abundant state in which growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was a key factor in maintaining the authoritarian regime. However, at least in the second half of the decade, the country had to adapt its statements and initiatives to incorporate the issues that this period and the global environmental debate posed.

The end of the Empire and the resulting beginning of the Republic led to significant changes in Brazil. The old Brazilian structures began to break down and social, economic and political changes were already visualized in society, based mainly on ideals spread by a new elite. In Caetité, territory of the Alto Sertão da Bahia, the spread of progressive discourse and wanting change was the responsibility of João Antônio dos Santos Gumes, Caetite intellectual, author of numerous novels and owner of A Penna newspaper. For the production of this article, Gumes’ ideas were put under analysis, especially those contained in his novel Os Analphabetos and his newspaper A Penna, aiming to understand the dynamics of Caetite society and the Alto Sertão da Bahia after the Abolition of Slavery and Proclamation. of the Republic. In fact, it is for defending these two events that João Gumes is here presented as “Citizen-Writer”, a concept previously used by Pires (2011) and based on Sevcenko’s studies (2003). The studies developed in this research, therefore, lead us to the understanding that the territory in question also went through the dynamics of progress in Brazil in the early twentieth century, besides providing the understanding of the citizen João Gumes, writer in great part of his life as a combatant of the existing delays that made it impossible for his backlands to enter the “modern age”.

Archaeological thinking has undergone effervescent criticism in recent decades as a result of ideas that challenge the hegemony of modern categories. The humanistic duality, the preponderance of discursiveness, and the notion of linear time, are some examples of categories that have been in check since the end of the last century. This scenario ended up providing a more pertinent approach between Archeology and other areas, such as Art. In this article, then, I provide an analysis of this interaction, highlighting some caveats that we should take before this dialogue. Still, I argue that Archeology should use Art, but not as mere inspiration, as a new kind of Archeology that promotes analogies, but as an instrument capable of providing us with a more combative epistemology, more in keeping with the proper characteristics of archaeological making. Finally, I bring here examples of three works developed in recent years that I think illustrate this potentiality.

Realidade was a magazine published by Abril between 1966 and 1976, during the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship. In some editions, the reporter Luiz Fernando Mercadante published a series of profiles of dictatorial government leaders, a conservative aspect in a mostly transgressive magazine, especially when especially when the customs plan was on the agenda. In this article, will be performed an analysis of the profile of Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, entitled “Êste é o Humberto”, published in issue number 3, June 1966. For this, the narrative is understood as the producer of symbolic forms in order to sustain relations of domination and, in the analysis, also taking into account the contextual and iconographic aspects.

The guiding thread of this research is in the municipality of Quevedos in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, it’s emancipation occurred in 1992, since until then it was considered the 5º Júlio de Castilhos District. Starting from secondary historical sources, the Church becomes the material and immaterial heritage of the inhabitants, but the first surveys in the field, through interviews with the local population, they demonstrated a sense of ambiguity in relation to cultural good, although it is situated in the main square of the city. Thus, in a universe of 2,710 (two thousand, seven hundred and ten) inhabitants that make up the municipality, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) of 2010, informal conversations with 121 (one hundred and twenty-one) people, which generates 4.46% of the population, these interviews expressed a duality in the feeling that governs symbols in the historical context of the origin of the municipality. Remembering that those interviewers are scattered in all social layers of the regional population. The main objective of this research is to provide a method that permeates the local population to open a space for debate and reflection on the historical context of the municipality, emphasizing cultural and heritage issues as well as their reflections on material and immaterial memories. In order to enable the understanding of feelings of belonging through the construction of identity, that is, the construction of oneself for interaction with the collective for proper understanding and preservation of memories, enabling there signification of concepts related to heritage assets.

Archeology has been going through a period where its relationships with its research object, materials, are being updated. In the situation in question, we intend to analyze, from the sensorial-phenomenological bias, the specific interaction between a single utilitarian crockery, the materials that result from it, and its maker, a silent pottery. It is argued, based on studies of the Deaf / Muda culture, that the condition of the potter actually contributes to an improved development of other senses that help to explain the peculiarity of its production - a fact that goes unnoticed by its Freire Alemão. Reinforcing this proposition, an analysis is based on the narrative of the author on; the process of producing popular crockery; the system of good manners that required the renovation of sets of dishes; and the context of European and local ceramic trade, import and production in Ceará. The intention is to highlight the production of this dish” Deaf-mute” as a form of communication and expression in a world where the concept of Deaf / Muda culture did not yet exist.