RCAAP Repository

The paper deals with an interdisciplinary and multi-technique study of gilding materials and techniques in several Portuguese altarpieces during the Baroque period, developed within a research project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PTDC/EAT-EAT/116700/2010). Different microscopic techniques together with X-ray diffraction, X-ray micro-CT, micro-FTIR and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the stratigraphic structure and gilding techniques of 49 samples taken from 7 altarpieces in the Lisbon/Cascais and Santarém areas. The research is also a comparative study between the gilding materials and techniques used in altarpieces from the same historical period but in two different geographical areas.

The altarpiece painted by Diogo Teixeira to the Arouca Monestery is composed by the panels Ascension of Christ; Incredulity of St. Thomas; Pentecost; Eternal Father; San Sebastian, Santa Lucia and Santa Barbara; Santa Scholastica, Santa Euphemia and San Maurus. The analysis of the panels support follows the investigation of the techniques and materials present in the work of this painter and was developed with direct observation (with different kinds of illumination), photography with visible radiation, radiography and portable optical microscope. This study supports the identification of the technical execution of the wooden panels and also the restorations that were made throughout its history.

The visual perception of the professional of conservation and restoration is essential in the chromatic reintegration practice. At this stage the conservator‑restorer must be able to distinguish different hues and shades around the loss and even in the totality of the artwork. However, these physiological capabilities are rarely considered when initiating training in the sector, and there are many students and professionals of conservation and restoration unaware of their level of colour discrimination. The purpose of this article, through comparison with a normal trichromate, is to make known the types of visual deficiencies, the diagnostic tests and the capabilities and limitations of a student with deuteranomaly in chromatic reintegration process.

This paper presents the results of the technical examination of three altar screens painted by Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho (1729 – 1810) with the intent of characterizing their materials, techniques and formal aspects. The methods used included in situ analysis by energy dispersive X‑ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) and further study of microscopic samples using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‑ray spectometry (SEM‑EDS) and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR‑ μs).

One of the major analytical techniques used in the identification of pigments is the energy dispersive X‑ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Its relevance aroused the interest in the development of a methodology for interpreting EDXRF spectra that allows minimization of the main problems arising from its application to the study of works of art within the Conservation context. As a first approach, a set of 74 spectra of pigments is presented, which becomes thus available for reference, who show many spectra with significant differences between what was expected and what actually occurs. In addition to discussing the major cases in this situation, is still called attention to others that, in an event of real analysis of a work of art, probably originate misinterpretation.

The origins of coffered ceilings go back to the Classic Antiquity; later, it was used in the Italian Renaissance, but it was in the Portuguese panorama that they achieved an artistic uniqueness. This research seeks to overcome the lack of studies regarding the types, forms, themes, techniques and materials used in this type of art in the North of Portugal. The creation of a database for five districts and the subsequent quantification of the results were crucial methodologies to categorize the paintings on coffered ceilings. Through examination and analysis a comparison was made to the techniques and materials of two different case studies from the same author, where differences were found mainly in the preparation layer.

It is in the documental sources of the Oporto’s Misericórdia that the name of the painter Francisco Correia arises more frequently, especially with the implementation of the twelve processional flags of the Passion of Christ, made in partnership with three local artists: Dominic Lawrence Pardo, Ignacio Ferraz de Figueroa and Diogo Oliveira. In spite of being known more works of Francisco, it will be difficult the task to determine which flags are of his authorship. In order to deepen the knowledge of their work and to clarify some issues, particularly trying to understand if there is some specificity in technical and material that may point to the work of the painter terms, the materials and techniques employed using methods of examination and analysis were analyzed.

One of the most determining factors to assure the preservation of a collection is the knowledge of its past, the historical trajectory and the environmental conditions/climates of its storage and remain. This paper focuses on the environmental conditions of a case study the storage of the City Hall of Matosinhos, an urban center of the metropolitan area in the North of Portugal, Matosinhos. The research carried out undertaken aimed to evaluate the hygrothermal performance of the storage, including the study of the environment conditions of the interior and exterior of the building of the municipality.

This article discusses some of the creative processes of Abel Salazar (1889 – 1946), based on documentary sources and reinforced by reconstructions of pictorial techniques of the author. It addresses the technical and material study of a large format painting on canvas, Efeitos de luz num armazém, such as the characteristics of support, ground, drawing and painting. For this study we used different examination and analysis methods, namely photography of visible light spectrum, UV and IR to the painting; observation by optical microscopy (OM) and analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS) and micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR) from samples taken from the piece. Analytical results are presented and complemented the identification of the technical procedures in order to determine the materials that constitute the canvas.

The authors discuss the characteristics and the preliminary findings of the Prevention in Mental Health ‐ EAPPP (Early Detection & Attention of Patients with Risk of Psychosis), a team inserted in the public Primary Health Care System of Barcelona, Spain. Special attention is given to the four core domains of the team work: selection of target populations, the system for detection of first episode psychosis (FEP) and at‐risk mental state (ARMS) subjects in the community, the close relationship with the social and educational systems, and the psychoanalytic components of the inter‐paradigmatic framework. The community focused work and the psycholog‐ ical and inter‐paradigmatic framework are core differential components of the EAPPP unit in the field of EPA (early psychosis attention).

O presente artigo vai debruçar‐se sobre a História da Amadora enquanto localidade e a sua evolução sócio demográfica até se tornar cidade, bem como acerca do tipo de população que aí se instalou, principalmente a partir dos anos 50. Apresenta‐se uma história de vida de uma família de um bairro degradado. Caracteriza‐ ‐se através de dois testemunhos de Assistentes Sociais da vivência dos cabo‐verdianos noutro bairro degradado. Por último descreve‐se o que deu origem à exclusão social de uma franja da população e uma conclusão sobre o Concelho.

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A infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana adquirida (VIH) tem sido objecto de estudo de diferentes ciências, uma vez que articula realidades biológicas, clínicas e sociais. Desde os tempos do seu aparecimento até à actualidade, os avanços no tratamento da infecção VIH têm sido notórios e fascinantes. A terapêutica anti-retrovírica promove uma melhoria na qualidade de vida dos doentes e aumenta a esperança de vida mas tem associadas dificuldades no plano comportamental, ou seja, na adesão ao tratamento. O objectivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência de determinantes psicopatológicos e comportamentais em doentes seropositivos. Assim, verificámos que o padrão comportamental de risco, em ambos os sexos, é o sexual. Os homens são mais cumpridores que as mulheres em relação ao tratamento, mas são também quem apresenta índices elevados na dimensão hostilidade. Efectivamente, na infecção VIH, a percepção de controlo sobre a doença é fruste contribuindo para uma adaptação pautada por sentimentos de incapacidade. Ainda salientamos a vulnerabilidade no feminino, uma vez que as mulheres apresentaram um padrão comportamental de risco significativo.

This study aims to identify the materials used in the production of a post-byzantine icon from the Museum of Évora’s collection. The icon, representing the “Emperor Constantine and his mother Helen holding the Holy Cross” was once dated as being from the 10th century. Throughout a multi-analytical approach, combining area exams with spectroscopic techniques, this study tried to confirm its actual chronology. The results obtained revealed that it is most likely an icon from the late 17th or 18th century.

The visible polychromy of a wooden sculpture representing St. John the Evangelist, from Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga, Lisbon (Portugal) presents several techniques that complement each other on the creation of a sumptuous estofado. This case-study allowed the survey on gilding, silvering and polychromy practices, and observations on their execution are briefly reported and documented with results from a multi-analytical approach. Examination included digital photomicrography and the observation of micro-samples cross-sections, while material identification resorted to several analytical methods that included scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

A dispute among the best five painters-gilders of Evora, for two of the most important contracts regarding the gilding of the altarpieces, gave rise to an extensive and detailed documentation on the technique, materials and prices used in 1729. The rivalry between the master Filipe de Santiago, responsible for the gilding of the whole set of the Church of Mercy (Igreja da Misericórdia de Évora), and the team led by Manuel da Maia, responsible for gilding the main altar of the Convent Church of Scala Coeli’s (Igreja do Convento de Scala Coeli, Cartuxa), forced the commissioners to redraft contracts with unusual rigor since both did not accept the possibility to be examined by the opponent. Physical-chemical characterization of the gilding and polychrome layers of samples from both altarpieces, performed within the GILT-Teller project (www.gilt-teller.uevora.pt), led to a comprehensive approach of the pictorial culture of this period. As it is reported in contracts, the gilded woodcarving was enriched with flesh-coloured tones, “estofado” and “regraxos”. These techniques were both used in the Church of Mercy and in the Church of the Convent of Scala Coeli, of the Carthusian monks of Evora. The documentation and the results of the phsyical-chemical analyses presented in this paper confirm the existence of a common and poorly differentiated artistic culture between the main workshops of Evora.

Introdução: Henrique João Barahona-Fernandes (1907-1992) foi seguramente um dos mais distintos psiquiatras portugueses do século XX. Graças ao contato direto com Egas Moniz, Sobral Cid, Carl Kleist, Kurt Schneider, Karl Jaspers, entre outros, ao seu génio, e a uma impressionante capacidade de publicação, deixou um vasto e contributo para o estudo da psicopatologia, que longe de datado, deve ser dado a conhecer às gerações mais novas. Objetivos: Foi feita uma breve revisão dos principais conceitos psicopatológicos da vasta obra legada por Barahona-Fernandes. Métodos: Pesquisa, revisão e reflexão sobre material pertinente encontrado na Biblioteca Professor Doutor Barahona-Fernandes (Hospital Júlio de Matos, Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa – HJM CHPL), onde se encontra muita da sua coleção literária e obra escrita científica. Resultados: Das largas dezenas de obras consultadas destacamos aquelas em que o Barahona-Fernandes desenvolveu as ideias ligadas a três conceitos: “O modelo da Personalidade em Situação”; “O modelo das Psicose Sintomáticas”; e “O grupo das Holodisfrenias”. Todos estes conceitos são desenvolvidos neste artigo. Conclusão: A obra de Barahona-Fernandes merece toda a atenção dos estudiosos e académicos na área da psicopatologia. A sua riqueza vai muito além do interesse meramente histórico, dado que o seu conteúdo tem aplicabilidade à luz da psiquiatria clínica e das neurociências actuais, podendo ser utilizado com intuitos pedagógicos no ensino pré e pós-graduado da psiquiatria e da psicologia.

After a design competition held in February 2014, the “NMC Comacchio” design group, formed by young Italian architects, was charged with designing a new archaeological museum in Comacchio, on the Adriatic coast of Italy. This paper deals with the design methodology experimented in this museum: the project is based on a “symbolical approach” in exhibit design, which tries to balance both didactic and emotional aspects of the exhibition, focusing on the comprehension of archaeological heritage and the relation between territory and cultural heritage. The museum, named “Museo Delta Antico”, opened in 2017 with very good acknowledgement of critics and audiences.

Intervention on archaeological sites requires a multicriteria approach. One should not lose sight of the problem regarding what to conserve and why in favour of how to conserve. Furthermore, we have to consider that the initiatives of “accessibility and enjoyment of cultural heritage” are created in order to heighten the public’s satisfaction in visiting cultural heritage sites. In this context, the Cultural Accessibility must be interpreted as the amount of information that the public could receive from cultural heritage. A number of possible communication strategies of archaeology will be set out and applied to the case of classical theatres.

Introdução: Desde há algumas décadas que se pensa que uma hiperactividade dopaminérgica da via mesolímbica esteja implicada na génese dos sintomas positivos da esquizofrenia. Objectivos: Nesta revisão da literatura procurámos interligar as várias áreas do conhecimento actual, procurando fazer a ponte com a prática clínica. Métodos: Foi efectuada uma pesquisa sistemática da literatura em inglês, até Abril de 2014 através da PUBMED utilizando como termos MeSH (medical subject headings) “mesolimbic” e “psychosis”, tendo-se incluído revisões da literatura. Resultados e Conclusões: Foram encontrados 111 artigos, tendo-se excluído 56 por, após leitura do resumo, se concluir que não estavam relacionados com o tema. Dos restantes 55 foram seleccionados 14 artigos tendo sido mantidas as abreviaturas em inglês para facilitar a sua consulta posterior. São apresentadas evidências sobre o papel desempenhado por vários sistemas reguladores no desenvolvimento dos sintomas positivos associados não apenas a esta doença mas às várias perturbações em que ocorrem, assim como a possível relação entre esses vários factores. Entre os vários sistemas discutidos conta-se a influência do neurodesenvolvimento, da regulação pelos receptores nicotínicos da acetilcolina, a influência dos canais de potássio KCNQ, a regulação por péptidos neurotransmissores, pela adenosina e pela fosfodiesterase 10A, assim como avanços na compreensão da etiologia da esquizofrenia. Trata-se, portanto, de um enunciado do substrato neurobiológico dos sintomas positivos.