RCAAP Repository

A profundidade de plantio dos cormilhos influi na produção e qualidade do material de propagação. Em maiores profundidades, o peso médio por unidade produzida é maior. Para produzir bulbos dos tipos jumbo até o tipo 5, a profundidade de 7,3 cm foi a melhor. A profundidade de 5,6 cm foi melhor para quantidade. Maiores profundidades produzem menor cormilhos.

Cormels type 7 produced corms and cormels type 1 to 8 in greater quantity than type number 8 and corms type 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were heavier. Cormels type 8 also produced corms and cormels type 1 to 8, however their cormels were heavier than cormels produzed by type 7.

Corms of the same cycle, with near weight and size, presented resembling behaviour for production of flowers, corms and cormels. Greater corms, type 1and 2showed better profit of flowers, corms and cormels than others types, decreasing this profit with the reduction of the size of corms per unity planted. In function of planted weight, the smallest units showed better profit.

Sugar cane setts with a variable number of roots (1, 2, 4 and 8) were allowed to absorb radiophosphate. Afterwards the material was split into several parts and its radioactivity was counted. It was observed that both absorption and transport increased with the number of roots.

Several experiments were carried out using germinating setts of sugar cane with different age and number of roots which were put in contact with a radiophosphorus solution. It was found that the radiophosphorus was taken up by root system being in part transported to the germinating bud. The amount of phosphorus translocated increased with the age of the roots (from 7 to 2/1 days).

An experiment was carried out to establish the comparative growth of three Vigna unguiculata cultivars throught determination of leaf area, dry matter partition and growth analysis. Leaf area established throught the method of relationship between total dry matter of leaves and dry matter of discs with knowed area, and estimated by the product of length x maximum width of leaf x 1.75did not present differences. Cultivar Epace-1 showed higher leaf area duration in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cowpea cultivars. Vigna unguiculata presented an initial exponential phase of dry matter accumulation and a sygmoid phase post-maturity. Accumulation of biomass in the reproductive part of cowpea 'Epace-1' was later and more effective in relation to Epace-6 and Epace-8 cultivars. Cultivar Epace-1 presented later development in relation to 'Epace.6' and 'Epace-8'. Epace-6 cultivar of cowpea showed higher growth on the second part of the plant life cycle in relation to Epace-8 and Epace-1 cultivars. Vigna unguiculata plants presented higher net assimilation rate and relative growth rate from 30 to 50 days after emergence. Cowpea snowed higher leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio from 28 to 42 days after emergence.

In order to obtain: 1) the deficiency symptoms of the macronutrients and boron; 2) nutrient levels in the plants. Tabaco plants were cultivated in pots containing pure quartz and irrigated with nutrient solutions with different compositions. Solution containig all the nutrients, solutions lacking N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S or B. Once the symptoms were clearly identified the plants were harvested and divided into stem, old and young leaves. The material was dried at 80°C and analysed for the elements. The authors concluded 1) only the omission of N, P, K, Ca and Mg affected the dry matter productions; 2) the malnutrition symptoms were identified for each element; 3) the range of the elements exprensed in dry matter for unheal thy and heal thy leaves: N% 1.23-3.06; P% 0.04-0.11; K% 1.15-3.25; Ca% 0.20-0.59; Mg% 1.13-1.25, S% 0.16-0.20; B-ppm 34-59.

Com o objetivo de determinar: . Curva de crescimento da planta; . Concentração e acumulação de nutrientes pela cultura em função de idade; . Exportação de nutrientes através das folhas. Foi instalado um experimento de campo na Estação Experimental de Tietê, localizado em um solo Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo var. Lara sem o emprego de fertilizantes. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com 4 repetições. Amostragem de plantas foram efetuadas 12, 24, 48, 60 e 72 dias após o transplante. Os autores observa ram que a maior velocidade de acúmulo de matéria seca ocorreu próximo aos 48 dias após o transplante. As concentrações mínimas dos nutrientes ocorreram próximo ao período de máximo acúmulo de matéria seca. O acúmulo máximo de matéria seca e de nutrientes ocorreu aos 72 dias após o transplante. As quantidades totais de nutrientes absorvidos pela cultura obedeceram a seguinte ordem: K N >;Ca>; Mg>; P S Fe Mn B Zn Cu. A exportação de nutrientes pelas folhas obedeceram a seguinte ordem: K N Ca Mg >; P S Fe>; Mn >; Zn B Cu.

The present work was held in Dark-Red Latosol of the Experimental Farm of UNESP - Campus of Ilha Solteira, in Selvíria (MS). In the first crop three sources of phosphorus (triple superphosphate, Mg-thermophosphate and phosphate fro were applied in broadcast followed by incorporation into the soil, in the rates of 145-290-435-580 kg/ha of total P2O5. A control treatment with no addition of phosphorus was included. In the second crop it was studied the residual effect of the fertilizers appied to the first crop and the effect of five maintenance rates of phosphorus (0-36-72-108- 144 kg/ha of P2O5) applied as triple superphosphate in the furrow. It was observed a significant response of the crop the phosphated fertilization. The Mg-termophosphate and the triple superphosphate had similar behavior in the first crop, the former superior to this fertilizer respect to the residual effects. The phosphate from Araxá showed and efficiency of 80% as compared to the triple superphosphate either, withor without maintenance fertilization. So, the phosphate from Araxá can be recomended for corretive fertilization of soils of low fertility.

An experiment was held from 1978 to 1983 to know how soil phosphorus extractors compare when samples are colected at different periods after application of triple superphosphate, Mg-thermophosphate or rock phosphate from Araxá. The fertilizers were broadcasted to the soil at rates of 0 - 145 - 290 - 435 and 580 kg/ha of total P(2)0(5) and then incorporated with a heavy horrow. Each 120 days, in a period of 48 months, a composite soil sample was collected from 15 sites of each plot and analyzed for P by extraction with 0,05 N H2SO4, Bray-l and Olsen extractors. The results showed that all extractors were efficient in recovering phosphorus applied either as triple superphosphate or Mg-termophosphate; when applied as phosphate from Araxá the best result was obtained with Bray-l method. Olsen method gave the most consistent results for samples collected at different times after application of triple superphosphate or Mg-thermophosphate ; when phosphate from Araxá was applied results were most consistent whith Bray-l and Olsen extractors. At the 32nd month after application of phosphate from Araxá and thereafter it was observed a tendency for the extraction methods to be similar in respect to phosphorus extraction.

With respect to the differential tolerance beyween the species, the following was observed: a) Stylosanthes and Galactia were shown to. be more tolerant. In fact, the highest dry matter production in the case of the latter took place in the presence of 5 ppm of Al; growth was not affected by the higher levels of the element. Stylosanthes did not show toxicity symptoms, maximum growth occuring in the presence of 20 ppm of Al in the nutrient soluction. b) Both glycine and Macroptilium proved to be sensitive. Lower levels of Al increased growth of the former; its dry matter yield, however, decreased when the element was given at the levels of 20 ppm. The growth of Macroptilium was reduced by 20 ppm of Al. Glycine showed toxicity symptons. especially in the root system which was seriously damaged by thehi gher Al level. c) Al additions caused decrease in the concentration of P, Ca, Mg and Mn in the roots and or in the tops. The Al of the root system was increased.

Four tropical forage legumes (Galactia striata. Glycine wightii, Macroptilium atropurpureum and Stylosanthes guianensis), were grown in nutrient solution under varying levels of manganese (0., 25, 50 e 100 ppm). With respect to the differential tolerance between the species, the following was observed: a) Stylosanthes was not affected neither in therms of growth nor in terms of symptons of toxicity. Galactia was realtively less tolerant: its growth was significantly reduced by 100 ppm of Mn in the substrate which also caused severe toxicity symptons. b) Glycine and Macroptilium were sensitive to high Mn. Growth of the former was decreased by 25 ppm, being not further reduced by higher concentrations. The Mn concentration of 50 ppm caused the highest reduction of the growth of Macroptilium. Toxicity symptoms were more acute in the case of Glycine. c) The addition of Mn induced a decrease in the content of K, Ca and Mg. The levels of Cu and Zn in the tops decreased whereas the Mn concentration increased in the whole plant.

Makueni being a promissing specie for Brazilian cattle raising, the present work was carried out to determine weight of dry matter production, concentration and accumulation of macronutrients from 30 days after cutting the grass up to 180 days old. For the purpose and area comprising 600 m² of Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (Oxisol) at São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil on the farm Canchim, research institute wich belongs to EMBRAPA, the trial was conducted the meadow was cut and fertilized with ammonium sulphate at the rate of 250 kg/ha. At intervals of 30 days after the cutting up to 180 days plants corresponding to one square metre were collected. The dry matter content was determided and the material was analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. The maximum production of dry matter is checked at 120 days represented by 1,425 kg/ha. The fasted dry matter production occur around the 60 days after cutting the meadow. The concentration of N is higt at the 30 days (1.62%) and low at the 120 days (0.72%). The concentration of P is highest at the 120 days (0.87%) and lowest at the 60 days (0.003%). The concentration of K is linear with the age of the grass. The concentrations of K change from 2.8% at the begining to 0.76% after 180 days. The concentration of Ca is highest at the 90 days (0.53%). There are not variation in the concentration of Mg in function with the age of the grass. The concentration of S chang of 0,14% at the 30 days for a lowest at the 120 days (0.07%). The accumulation of P, K, Ca is highest at the 90 days. The accumulation of Mg is highest at the 120 days and S accumuled the highest amounts at the 60 days. The greatest amounts of nutrients content in 1.425 kg/ha of dry matter obey the following order: K - 30.4 kg; N - 13-9 kg; Ca - 7-0 kg; Mg - 6.3 kg; S - 1.3 kg; P - 1.2 kg.

The present work was carried out to determine concentration and accumulation of micronutirents from 30 days after cutting the grass up to 180 days old. For the purpose an area comprising 600 m² of Latos solo Vermelho Amarelo (oxisol) at São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil on the farm Canchim, research institute wich belongs to EMBRAPA, the trial was conducted. The neadw was cut and fertlized with ammonium sulphate at the rate of 250 kg/ha. At intervals of 30 days after the cutting up to 180 days plants corresponding to one square metre were collected. The authers concluded: The concentration of Cu is highest at the 30 days (7.63 ppm); The concentration of Zn is highest at the 180 days (22.66 ppm) and lowest at the 120 days (12.42 ppm); The concentration of B is highest at the 150 days (11.76 ppm) and lowest at the 60 days (1.69 ppm); The concentration of Mn is highest at the 180 days (133-8 ppm) and lowest at the 30 days (49.6 ppm); The concentration of Fe is highest at the 180 days (236.25 ppm) and lowest at the 30 days (49.6 ppm); The accumulation of Cu is highest at the 90 days. The accumulation of Zn and Fe did not differ with the age of the grass. The accumulation of B and Mn is highest at the 180 days. The greatest amounts of micronutrients content in 1.425 kg/ha of dry matter obey the following order: Fe - 286 g; Mn - 157 g; Zn - 23 g; B - 13-2 g; Cu - 7.6 g.

The present work was carried out to determine: Digestibility coeficient of the dry matter; For the purpose an area comprising 600 m² of Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (Oxisol) at São Carlos, State of São Paulo, Brazil on the farm Canchim, research institute which belongs to EMBRAPA, on which trial was conducted the meadow was cut and fertilized with ammonium sulphate at the rate of 250 kg/ha. At intervals of 30 days after the cutting up to 180 days plants corresponding to one square metre were collected. The coeficient of digestibility of the dry matter was determined in vitro. It was found that the coeficient of digestibility was bight at 30 days with 51.9% and lowers to 29.4% at 180 days.

Samples of a saline-sodic soil (of the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, Souza towm, Paraiba State - Brazil) that has 61.25 me/100 of exchangeable sodium, were collected at depth 0-30 cm and phosphogypsum was applied in two levels (50% and 100% of the gypsum requirement - GR of the soil). The study v;as realized with the soil put in column of paltic tuble of 40 cm of tall and 5 cm of diametr. Both the quantities of the phosphogypsum (31 g (level-50% GR) and 62 g (level-100% GR)) were applied in the surface of the soil and too incorporated at depth 0-15 in such column. The water volume applied was 314 me and the time for star and the finish the leaching was read for to evaluate the hydraulic conductivity. In the end of the leaching each column was dismonted and divided in six parts of 5 cm that were made saturation extracts (1:5) of where were determinated pH, electric conductivity, soluble sodium content and the remaining sodium percentage (RSP). The data evidencied positive effects of the phosphogypsum on hydraulic conductivity of the soil, especially when the chemical corretive was incorporeted at 15 cm under surface of the soil. The hydraulic conductivity (k) valours showed that the less level (50% GR) was more efficient than great level (100% GR of the soil). The data of k for the phosphogypsum incorporated were 2.45 cm/h (level-50% GR) and 1.41 cm/h to level 100% of the gypsum requirement of the soil. In spite the chemistry aspects the electric conductivity data, soluble sodium contents and calours of remaining sodium percentage (RSP) of each interval of 5 cm of the columns , indicated that the phosphogypsum were more efficient in the displacement of exchangeable sodium when it was appliaed in the susrface of the soil. This way the chemical corretive showed to exercise differenced behaviour on physical and chemical properties of the soil alike its way of applications at soil.

This research deals with the effects of Pix, Atonik, Ergostim and Cytozyme application on behavior of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Goiano Precoce), under greenhouse conditions. Beans were sowing in pots and Pix and Atonik (1.0 l/ha), Ergostim (0.5 l/ha) and Cytozyme (2.0 l/ha) were applied 30 days after sowing. Ergostim promoted growth and presented a tendency to increase number of pods and seeds, and reduced K/r ratio. Pix presented a tendency to increase number of pods, K/r ratio and protein level in the seeds. Atonik and Cytozyme did not promote changes in the parameters studied.

Sobre a "variação" morfológica do edéago de Schizotetranychus oryzae (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae). Apresenta-se uma nota sobre a ocorrência do ácaro do arroz, Schizotetranychus oryzac Rossi de Simons, No Brasil, com observações sobre a "variação" morfológica do edéago do macho desta espécie de ácaro.

The application effects of five levels of dolomitic limestone (0 - 1,25 - 2,50 - 5,00 and 10,00 kg/ha) were studied in a Typic Haporthox soil. Liming increased sweet sorghum stems ant the highest yield was obtained when the amount of calcium and magnesium, bases in saturation and soil pH value were, respectively, 2,93 meq/100 cm³ , 59% and 5,71. It was observed and unbalanced potassium nutrition with the application of dolomitic limestone of 10 t/ha. The critical levels of Mg on the leaves +4 and +3, collected, respectively, at 45 and 83 days, were 0,19 and 0,31%. The juice quality was not alterated significatively by the dolomitic limestone doses used.

Relata-se a ocorrência do ácaro dos moluscos, Riccardoella limacum (Schrank ) de criações de escargot de Belo Horizonte, MG e de Embu, SP. A morte de apreciável número destes moluscos é relacio nada com a presença de elevada população do ácaro.