RCAAP Repository
Growth and exportation of nutrients by apple fruits
In order to obtain informations concerning the dry matter production and extraction of nutrients by the fruits of the varieties 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brasil', a trial was conducted on a Latossol Vermelho Escuro-Orto (USTOX) at Buri , State of São Paulo, Brazil. The fruits were collected from trees grafted on 'Doucin' being 1-2; 3-4; 4-5, and 6-7 years old. Chemical analysis were run on the fruits for: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Mo; as well for the dry mat ter production. The main conclusions are as follows: a) differences were observed on dry matter production of fruits by the two varieties at the different stages of growth; b) differences were observed on exportation of nutrients between the two varieties concerning the fruit growth period- the nutrient exportation by the fruits obeyed following order: K>;N>;P>;S>;Ca>;Mg>;Fe>;B >; Cu >; Mn >; Zn >; Mo.
1981
Trani, P.E. Haag, H.P. Catani, C.B.
Dry matter production and nutrient exportation by pruned leaves and branches of apple trees
A trial was conducted on Latossol Vermelho Escuro Orto (Orthox) at Buri, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The material was collected from 'Ohio Beauty¹ and 'Brasil¹ apples trees grafted on 'Doucin'; the trees were 3-4, 4-5 and 6-7 years old. The authors concluded that at the dormant period differen ces were observed on the dry matter production as well on the nutrients exported by the leaves and branches of the two varieties. Branches exported higher amounts of P, Ca, B, Cu and Zn. Larger quantities of N, P and Mn were exported by the 1 eaves.
1981
Trani, P.E. Haag, H.P. Dechen, A.R. Catani, C.B.
Concentration of nutrients in the apple fruits at different ages
On an apple grove situated at Buri, State of São Paulo, fruits were collected from trees 1-2; 3-4; 4-5, and 6 - 7 years old. The fruits were analysed for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The authors concluded: a) the concentrations of the nutrients in the fruits differ according to the variety, age of the tree and age of the fruit; b) the concentrations of nutrients decrease with aging of the fruits; c) the concentrations of the macronutrients obey the following order: N>;K>;P>;Ca>;S>; Mg; d) for the micronutrients, the following order was ob -served: Fe >; B >; Mn >; Cu >; Zn.
1981
Trani, P.E. Haag, H.P. Dechen, A.R. Catani, C.B.
A comparative analysis of Cobb-Douglas model with additive and multiplicative error
This paper dis cusses the fitting of a Cobb-Doug las response curve Yi = αXβi, with additive error, Yi = αXβi + e i, instead of the usual multiplicative error Yi = αXβi (1 + e i). The estimation of the parameters A and B is discussed. An example is given with use of both types of error.
1981
Figueiroa, Manuel Luiz Gomes, F. Pimentel
Macronutrient deficiencies on Solanum topiro Humb.& Bonpl
In order to obtain: a) a clear picture of the picture of the deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S; b) the effects of lack of the elements on the dry matter production, and; c) concentrations of the macro and micronutrients, excepted for Mo and CI, on the leaves, stems and roots; young cubiu plants (Solanum topiro Humb. & Bonpl.), 'INPA-P6-PL2-BLUU-Exp l', were cultivated in nutrient solutions, in which one of the following elements were omitted at once: N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S. Clear cut symptoms were obtained for N, K, Ca and Mg. The symptoms for P and S were uncleared. The growth rate of the cubiu plants was drastically affected by lack of N, P, K, followed by Ca and Mg. The omission of S from the nutrient solution did not affected the growth of the plants. The levels detected by chemical analysis of the leaves from "deficient" and "normal" plants were" N% = 2,02-3.53; P% = 0.12-0.20; K% = 0.84-3.44; Ca% = 0.22-2.64; Mg¾ = 0.07-0.48; 5¾ = 0.10-0.25.
1981
Weber, H. Sarruge, J.R. Haag, H.P. Dechen, A.R.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: VII. nutritional requirements of the varieties IAC-25 and IAC-47
Rice plants, varieties IAC 25 and IAC 47, were grown in nutrient solution till the end of the life cycle when they were analysed both for macro and micronutrients. Main conclusions were the following: IAC 47, higher yielding, showed larger requirements than IAC 25; for production (total) and export (grain), the demand for nutrients was the same in both varieties.
1981
Malavolta, E. Silva, J.C.A. Rodrigues, T.E. Sabino, J.C. Gomes, I.A. Cruz, A.P. Oliveira, F.A. Daghlian, C. Guerrini, I.A. Mazza, J.A. Corrêa, L.S. Schiavuzzo, M.A. Costa, M.P. Cabral, C.P. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C Pavan, L.H.S.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: VIII. accumulation of macronutrients in the variety IAC-25
Rice plants, IAC 25 variety, were grown in nutrient solution; samples were taken for analysis at different intervals, namely 21, 50, 79, 91 and 112 days after germination. Main conclusions were the following: (1) both dry matter production and accumulation of macronutrients as a function of time were described by typical sigmoide curves; (2) in the period between the second and third sampling the rate for both processes reached maximum values; (3) dilution effects were observed in the content of all the elements except Ca; (4) Ca also was the only macronutrien which does not seem to be translocated from leaves for grainfiling.
1981
Malavolta, E. Penna, A. Flório, A. Frenhani, A.A. Silva, A.T. Rodrigues, B.N. Paulo, E.M Costa, N.A. Santos, P.M. Katayama, P.S. Naves, R.V. Arevalo, R.A. Amaral, W. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C. Cabral, C.P.
Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: IX. marcha de absorção de macronutrientes na variedade IAC-47
Rice plants, variety IAC-47, were grown in the nº 2 nutrient solution of HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950) until the end of the life cycle. Plants were sampled at well defined physiological periods for analyses. It was verified that trends for levvelling off occurred in the case of accumulation of N, K and Ca. Translocation from leaves to grain was observed with respect to N, P and K. Maximum rates of uptake of all elements took place from 50 to 100 days after germination.
1981
Malavolta, E. Silva, J.C.A. Cruz, A.P. Rodrigues, T.E. Sabino, J.C. Gomes, I.A. Oliveira, F.A. DAGHLIAN, C. GUERRINI, I.A. MAZZA, J.A. CORREA, L.S. Schiavuzzo, M.A. Costa, M.P. Cabral, C.P. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: X. uptake of micronutrients by the variety IAC-25
The uptake of micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) by the variety IAC-25 in various phases of its development was studied, the plants being grown in nutrient solution, Main conclusions were the following: (a) only two variables, namely dry matter production an Fe accumulation, showed a tendency to level off as the plants complete their life cycle; (b) indication of internal redistribution was observed in the case of Fe and Mn; (c) maximum rate of uptake, was well as of dry matter production took place in the period which goes from tillering to grain filling.
1981
Malavolta, E. Florio, A. Orellana, A.P. Cruz, A.P. Frenhani, A.A. Silva, A. Tosta Rodrigues, B.N. Nóbrega, C. Azeredo, D.F. Paulo, E.M. Oliveira, F. Assis Pereira, H.H.G. Cabral, C.P. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: XI. Uptake of micronutrients by the variety IAC-47
Dry matter yield and uptake of B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn by the rice variety IAC-47 were studied under controlled conditions, namely, by growing plants in nutrient solution and by falcing samples for analyses in set physiological periods. It was observed that only the curves describing dry matter production and accumulation of B and Fe was verified.
1981
Malavolta, E. Gomes, I.A. Guerrini, I.A. Carneiro, I.F. Mazza, J.A. Silva, J.C.A. Sabino, J.C. Ramos, J.V. Chaves, J.C.D. Daniel, L.A. Corrêa, L.S Schiavuzzo, M.A. Costa, M.P. Cabral, C.P. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Reactions of two banana cultivars to the nematodes Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus
Two field trials were performed at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura (Cruz das Almas, Ba), to study the susceptibility of two banana cultivars (Prata and Mysore) to the nematodes Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. Both cultivars showed to be tolerant hosts to both nematodes, their reproduction being lower in these banana plants than in Nanicão cultivar. Prata was a host worst than Mysore. Nanicão is referred to as a check cultivar.
1981
Zem, Antonio Carlos Alves, Elio José Lordello, Luiz Gonzaga E. Monteiro, Ailton Rocha
Uptake of labelled mono and diamonium phosphates, In the presence and absence of urea, by tops of young pinneapple plant
One per cent (w/v) solutions of monoammonium and diammonium phosphates either in the presence or absence of 1% urea were applied in the axyl of the "D" leaves of young plants grown in soil filled pots. There was no statistical difference between the two P sources. On the other hand, the presence of urea showed tendency to decrease internal transport of the applied phosphates irrespective of the source used.
1981
Malavolta, E. Silva, A.Q. Primavesi, A.C.P.A. Gutierrez, A.S.D. Kishino, A.Y. Hass, F.J. Carvalho, J.G. Guimares, P.T.G. Kaminski, J. Vasconcellos, L.A.B. Ruy, V.M. Guilherme, M.R.
Influence of different levels of irrigation on some physical-chemical parameters of strawberry fruits (Fragaria hybridus)
The influence of different levels of irrigation of a strawberry culture (cultivar SH2) on solubles solids, reducing sugars, pH and titratable acidity of the fruit, was investigated. Five irrigation levels based on the evaporation rate of the Class A Tank, namely 0,4; 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 "f" factor were tested. Four replications of 36 plants each were used for every level of irrigation. The fruits were harvested at approximately 15 day intervals, in a total of six harvestings. Statistical analysis of the results showed significative differences in pH, soluble solids and titratable acidity, but without explainable tendency except for soluble solids contents, which were higher in the factor 0.4 (less water reposition) and lower in the factor 1.2. These differences, however, have little or none technological significance.
1981
Oliveira, Antônio Joaquim de Fonseca, Homero Olita, Antônio Fernando Minami, Keigo Vello, Natal A.
Effects of density of planting on quality of the flower in carnation crop
The influence of density of planting on quality of the flower in carnation plants grown in vinil houses was studied. Planting densities of 233,333, 176,000 and 116,667 plants per hectare were obtained by using planting spacings of 0.20m between rows and 0.15m, 0.20m and 0.30m between plants in the rows. Data on number of flowers with perfect calyx and on number of flowers with splitted calyx both per plant and per hectare were taken, as well as on flower plus flower stalk weight and on length and diameter of corola. As far as planting densities are concerned, there was an increase in production of flowers with perfect calyx per hectare and a decrease in production of flowers having splitted calyx per plant, flower plus flower stalk weight and corolla diameter as planting density increases. There was no influence of the planting density on the production of perfect calyx flower per plant, splitted calyx flower production per hectare and flower plus flower stalk length.
1981
Sousa, Maria Alice de Lourdes Bueno Simão, Salim
Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do arroz: XII. Efeitos das deficiências de macronutrientes nas variedades IAC-25 e IAC-47
Plantas de arroz, variedades IAC-25 e IAC-47, foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa e com deficiência de macronutrientes. Foram obtidos dados sobre a influência dos tratamentos na área foliar, produção de matéria seca e na composição mineral e observados os sintomas de carência. O estado nutricional das plantas deficientes em N foi também avaliado pela determinação da atividade da redútase de nitrato na folha.
1981
Malavolta, E. Nobrega, C. Azeredo, D.F. Pereira, H.H.G. Carneiro, I. F. Leite, J.S.T. Chaves, J.C.D. Daniel, L.A. Berto, P.N.A. Rufino, R.L. Stipp, S.R.C. Ramos, J.V. Cabral, C.P. Pavan, L.H.S. Dário, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: XIII. effects of the deficiencies of micronutrients on the varieties IAC-25 and IAC-47
Rice plants were grown in nutrient solution lither in the presence or in the absence of B, Cu and Zn. The symptoms of deficiency were usually in agreement with those described in the literature. Growth of the variety IAC-47 (number of leaves, tillering and total dry matter) was relatively more affected; this variety, however did produce grains under the minus Cu treatment (one fourth of the yield observed in the "complete" treatment), which did not happen in the case of the other variety. At the beginning of the grain filling period the following leaf contents could be considered as indication of deficiency: B-13 to 25 ppm; Zn-20 ppm; no conclusion could be drawn with respect to Cu levels.
1981
Malavolta, E. Gomes, I.A. Cruz, A.P. Silva, J.C.A. Corrêa, L.S. Rodrigues, T.E. Daghlian, C. Guerrini, I . A. Mazza, J.A. Oliveira, F.A. Schiavuzzo, M.A. Sabino, J.C. Costa, M.P. Cabral, CP. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: XIV. effects of excess of Al, Cl and Mn on the varieties IAC-25 and IAC-47
Rice plants were grown either in full strength nº 2 solution of HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950) or in the same with high levels of Al, Cl and Mn (25, 1750 and 25 ppm, respectively). Plants with excess of each element did not complete the reproductive phase of development. Symptoms of toxicity appeared in response to the high levels supplied in the substrate. Dry matter production was relatively more affected in the case of the variety IAC-47. On the other hand, both varieties were more sensitive to Mn toxicity than to Al excess. The leaves had the following levels of the elements under the respective treatments, respectively for the variety IAC-25 and for the variety IAC-47; Al-107 and 221 ppm; Cl-87,500 and 17,500 (lower and upper leaves), 44,125 and 16,250 (lower and upper leaves); Mn - 1,670 and 1,769. The Al content of the roots was 5,639 and 5,872 ppm. Al toxicity decreased P content in all plant parts.
1981
Malavolta, E. Berto, P.N.A. Katayama, P.S. Santos, P.M. Arevalo, R.A. Rufino, R.L. Naves, R.V. Rodrigues, T.E. Leite, J.S.T. Stipp, S.R.C. Daghlian, C. Amaral, W. Cabral, C.P. Pavan, L.H.S. Dario, L.A. Antoniolli, F.C.
Studies on the mineral nutrition of the rice plant: XV. root and foliar uptake of radiophosphate by the varieties IAC-47 and IAC-435
Foram estudados os efeitos do tempo e da concentração iônica externa na absorção do radiofósforo por raízes destacadas e por plantas inteiras de arroz das variedades IAC-47 (sequeiro) e IAC-435 (irrigado). No intervalo de 30 a 180 min. houve linearidade na absorção. O valor de km para as duas variedades foi o mesmo sendo, porém, menor quando se empregaram raízes destacadas. Não se encontrou diferença significativa na absorção foliar do fosfato monoamônico ou diamônico em ausência ou em presença de uréia.
1981
Malavolta, E. Almeida, A.M. de Fernandes, E.A. Mota, I.F. Menechino Júnior, J. Petrechen, M.M.P. Goto, R.
Accumulation of nutrients by apple tree fruits
A trial was conducted on Latossol Vermelho Escuro orto (Orthox) at Buri, State of São Paulo, in order to obtain informations concerning the extraction of nutrients by the fruits at different ages of the varieties 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brasil'. Fruits collected were 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 days old. The material was collected from 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brasil' apples grafeted on 'Doucin', 1-2; 3-4; 4-5 and 6-7 years old, and analysed for: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents. Differences were observed between the two varieties concerning the fruit growth period. The maximum accumulation of the nutrients by the fruits occured at 103-120 days after the blooming stage. The extraction of nutrients by the fruits obeyed the folllowing order: K>;N>;P>;S>;Ca>;Mg>;Fe>;B>;Cu>; Mn>; Zn.
1981
Trani, P.E. Haag, H.P. Dechen, A.R. Sarruge, J.R. Catani, C.B.
Availability of a partially acidulated rock phosphate (PARP) to rice, corn and soybean under field conditions: I. preliminary results
In slightly acidic soils the effect of two rates of PARP (60 and 120 kg P2O5 per hectare) was compared to that of single superphosphate and of the original ground Araxá rock phosphate (ARP), both supplied to give 90 kg P2O5/ha. Testcrops were: upland rice, corn and soybeans. Main conclusions, based on yield data, and soil and leaf analyses were the following: (1) there was no statistical diferrence between yields obtained with PARP and SS which, however, were ussuallu higher than those provided for by ARP; (2) results from chemical analyses show that the PARP, as well as the SS, were a source of P, Ca and S to the three crops; (3) under the experimental conditions, there fore, the effect of the PARP was close to that of the SS rather than to the effect due to the ARP.
1981
Malavolta, E. Vitti, G.C. Alcarde, J.C. Rosolem, C.A. Fornasieri Fº, D.