RCAAP Repository

Como a repicagem de mudas de figueira (Ficus carica L. cv. Roxo de Valinhas) apresen ta frequentemente problemas no transplante, estudou-se o efeito de produtos químicos nesta fase crftica para a formação do figueiral. Procedeu-se aos tratamentos de redução da área foliar, pulverização com Transplantone 10 g/l água, Oed green (oxietileno docosanol) 40 ml/1 ,Good-rite peps (polisulfeto de polietíleno) 0,6 ml/l e Mobileaf 200 ml/l, além do controle. Redução da área foliar ou pulverização com oxietileno docasonol aumentaram a porcentagem de sobrevivência das figueiras transplantadas. Os produtos químicos não promoveram variações significativas na altura das mudas de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos'. Auxinas componentes do Transplantone (naftalenacetamida e àcido naftalenacético) causaram aumento no número de folhas da figueira transplantada.

Foi conduzido um experimento em laboratório, utilizando-se 100 amostras de solos oriundas de diferentes localidades do Estado de São Paulo, visando verificar a influência de características químicas e físicas dos mesmos sobre a capacidade de fixação de fosfatos. As amostras de solos foram submetidas, preliminarmente, a análise química e granulométrica e, posteriormente, ao teste para avaliação da capacidade de fixação de fosfatos. Os resultados encontrados foram analisados estatisticamente através de correlações lineares e correlação linear múltipla, resultando as seguintes conclusões: 1. com base nas analises de regressão linear simples as características que afetaram significativamente a capacidade de fixação de fosfato dos solos do Estado de São Paulo foram: porcentagem de carbono, teor de Al+3 trocável, C.T.C., porcentagem de argila, pH e porcentagem de areia; 2. com base na análise de regressão linear múltipla as características que mais influenciaram a capacidade de fixação de fosfato dos solos do Estado de São Paulo foram: porcentagem de carbono, teor de Mg+2 trocável, teor de Al+3 trocável e porcentagem de argila; 3. a equação que melhor exprimiu o fenômeno de fixação de fosfatos para solos do Estado de São Paulo pode ser assim expressa: Y = -2,266 - 3,484 + 3,514 + 5,559 + 1,005 %C Mg+2 Al+3 % de argila trocável trocável 4. o fenômeno de fixação de fosfatos pelo solo está sob influência do efeito conjunto das características físicas e químicas do mesmo.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência de diferentes densidades populacionais de craveiros, cultivados em casa de vegetação, sobre a produção das flores. As densidades populacionais estudadas, 233.333, I75.000 e 116.667 plantas por hectare, foram obtidas pela utilização de espaçamentos de respectivamente 0 ,15 m x 0,15 m; 0,20 m x 0,20 m e 0,30 m x 0,20 m. Scania Red foi o cultivar utilizado. Concluiu-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio causou um acréscimo na produção total de cravos por área e uma diminuição da produção de cravos por planta.

Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação, utilizando dois cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Brandes e Rio), cultivados em soluções nutritivas completa e diluída. No final do ciclo as plantas foram colhidas, separadas em partes e foram analisadas N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. De maneira geral os dois cultivares apresentaram capacidade de absorção de nutrientes semelhantes medida tanto em regime de fornecimento adequado como em soluções nutritivas diluídas, embora as produções de matéria seca total tenham sido diferentes na solução mais diluída. Com relação a produção de colmos verdes, o cultivar Brandes produziu mais em solução completa e menos em soluções diluídas do que o cultivar Rio, mas a produção de matéria seca de colmos do cultivar Rio, em casa de vegetação, sempre foi maior do que o do cultivar Brandes.

Samples of two varieties of sweet .sorghum (Brandes and Rio) grown on a Dark Red Latosol (Barra Bonita, SP) were collected and analysed (dry matter and macronutrient contents) at intervals of 20 days. Both varieties showed faster uptake of most of the nutrients between flower initiation and head formation. Variety Brandes, in said period, took up more nutrients per day than the other, although its cycle was longer.

Amostras de plantas de dois cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Brandes e Rio) cultivados em um Latossol Roxo, foram colhidas de 20 em 20 dias, e foram realizadas analises de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn nas diversas partes da planta. Os estádios fisiológicos em que ocorreram as maiores velocidades de absorção não foram coincidentes para os dois cultivares para a maioria dos micronutrientes. Osorgo sacarino demonstrou uma alta absorção de Fe na fase de crescimento vegetativo para a cv. Rio (35 g/ha dia) e na fase do emborrachamento até florescimento para o cultivar Brandes (47 ,5 g/ha dia).

The mineral requirements of two sorghum cultivars, Brandes and Rio, were studied both under field and greenhouse conditions. In the greenhouse plants received full strength Hoagland's solution, whereas in the field a uniform fertilization of 150 kg N/ha, 200 kg P2O5 and Kg K(2)0 was used. Under greenhouse conditions the need for nutrients obeyed the following decreasing order: K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S, Fe, Mh;, Cu and Zn. Export of nutrients in the grains, in percentage of total uptake was as follows, respectively for Brandes and Rio: N - 55 and 59, P - 41 and 43, K - 68 and 72, Ca - 16 and 10, Mg - 47 and 44, S - 47 and 60, Cu - 55 and 66, Fe-6 and 7, Mn - 10. and 8, Zn - 14 and 10. Date obtained with field grown plants plants showed that production of 1 ton of stalk required: 3.22 - 3.93 kg N, 0.40 - 0.45 P, 3.91 - 4.39 K, 1.09 - 0.77 Ca, 0.86 - 0.54 Mg, 0.32 - 0.41 S, 63 - 37 g Fe, 3-5 - 3.0 g Cu, 16 - 18 g Mn , 8-9 g Zn and 18 - 21 g B.

The effects of growth regularots on soybean plant (Glycine max) under greenhouse conditions were studied. Before flower ing, Agrostemmin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5 - triio dobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TIBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. Treatment with GA increased plant height while CCC presented a tendency to reduce it. Numbers of leaves, internods, and stems were not affected by the growth regulators.

A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of ethephon and urea on ripening of fruits and leaf abscission of coffee plant. Ethephon (2-chloroethane phosphonic acid) sprays were applied to green Coffea arábica berries 26 days before counting date in concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 ml/1 from Ethrel (240 a.i./l). The chemical accelerated the onset of fruit ripening at both concentrations. The efficacy of ethephon was increased adding urea. Ethephon 0.5 ml/1 promoted abscission of leaves and low concentration reduced shedding of leaves. The treatments did not affect the growth and production on the next harvest.

The effects of growth substances on productivity of 'Davis' soybean maintained under competition was investigated. Before the flowering, Agrostemmin (1 g/10 ml/3 1), gibberellic acid (GA) 100 ppm, and (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CCC) 2,000 ppm were applied. At the flower anthesis, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) 20 ppm was applied. Other two applications with TIBA, with intervals of four days, were realized. The growth regulators did not affect the productivity of 'Davis' soybean maintened under competition. The competition among plants did not affect the stem dry weight and number of pods, and seeds. The competition reduced weight of pods without seeds, seed weight, and weight of 100 seeds.

Fez-se a aplicação do produto, Fruitone CPA, nas dosagens de 0-150-300 e 600 ppm através de pulverização dirigida às duas últimas pencas de cachos de bananas. Os cachos foram colhidos quando o fruto médio apresentava -se com 30 mm e então comparados os parâmetros, comprimento e peso, dos frutos médios de cada penca. A análise não mostrou efeito para peso, porém, verificou-se que as dosagens crescentes do produto, provocaram alongamento dos frutos, contrariando a tendência normal de decréscimo acentuado, que os mesmos apresentam nas últimas pencas do cacho.

Nine cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution to study the effect of boron on growth and mineral composition. Data obtained in thie study allowed for the following conclusions: (1) high levels of boron affected plant height, root length, dry weight of tops, dry weight of root, and total dry weight; (2) regression analysis was used to point out differential behaviour among cultivars in relation to boron concentration in nutrient solution; (3) the best mineral concentration in the plant tissue was obtained with application of 0,5 ppm of boron in the nutrient solution.

Under greenhouse conditions cultivars Davis, IAC 73-228, PI 227.687, PI 171.451, and PI 229.358 of soybean were compared. PI 171.451 showed lower dry weight of stem in relation to Davis. Higher pod numbers produced by PI 227-687, IAC 73-228, and PI 229. 358 as compared to Davis were observed. Cultivars PI 227.687 and IAC 73-228 produced larger seed numbers. A larger weight of 100 seeds in Davis, PI 229.358, and PI 171. 45I cultivars was observed. The last two cultivars are sources of resistance against pests of soybean.

Seven cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris L. were grown in nutrient solution in the presence and absence of aluminum. Da ta obtained herewith allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn: (1) plant height, root lenght and total dry weight decreased with increase of aluminum levels in the nutrient solution; (2) aluminum concentration in plant tissue increased with higher levels of aluminum in the substrate; decreases pf calcium and magnesium concentration in the dry matter in the presence of higher aluminum concentration in the nutrient solution were observed.

Foi feito um ensaio, sob condições de laboratório, para verificar a capacidade de fixação de fosfato de um Latossolo e de um Regossolo, ambos do município de Piracicaba. Os resultados permitem concluir que eles são capazes de fixar, na camada arável , cerca de 1.588 e 274 kg/ha de P2O5, respectivamente.

Damage caused by leaf pests of soybean on five cultivars was evaluated. Afield experiment was carried out at the Piracicaba region, cultivars Davis, IAC 73-228, PI 227.687,PI 171.451, and PI 229.358 having been compared. Leaf damage was produced by natural infestation of Anticarsia gemmatalis and Plusia sp. Cultivar PI 171.451 showed lower comsumption of leaves in relation to control ('Davis') and other cultivars. Damage was more serious on IAC 73-228 than on PI 227.687 and PI 229.358.

Two nutrient foliar sprays, namely Ferti-Foliage (21-21 -21) and Wuxal (9-9-7), were applied to peanut plants under field conditions. Both were applied 23 days after germination of seeds, at the beginning of flowering, and during flowering. Other treatments were application of NPK fertilizer (9-30-16, 250 kg/ha) into the soil and check (no fertilizer). The experiment was carried out on a latosolic B "Terra Roxa" soil, sowing being made on March 6th and harvest on July 10th. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences amongst treatments. However, certain treatments had better yields. For instance, application of Ferti-Foliage showed a tendency to increasing number of pods per plant and number of seeds per pod. Same product when applied at the beginning of flowering had a tendency to increase production of seeds and of forage. Application of NPK (9-30-16) into the soil showed similar results.

The effects of the application of a macronutrient foliar spray combined with micronutrients and growth regulators (Unifol) on peanut grown in a soil with high fertility were investigated. A control without fertilizer and a soil fertilization (250 kg/ha) with NPK 9-30-16 were also established. Other treatments were as follows: Unifol fertilizer (18-12 16) applied 23 days after germination: Unifol (18-12-6) applied at the beginning of flowering; Unifol (18-12-6) applied during flowering, and Unifol (18-12-6) applied 23 days after germination plus Unifol (7-23-7) at the beginning of flowering. No significant differences were found amongst treatments, but certain treatments showed higher productivity e given Unifol fertilizer (18-12-6) applied 23 days after germination plus Unifol (7-23-7) at the flower anthesis. In this treatment, the number of pods, weight of seeds and production of seeds were higher. Best production of forage occurred in the treatment receiving soil fertilization.

O ensaio foi conduzido com macieiras 'Ohio Beauty' com 1 ano, cultivadas em vaso para se verificar sintomas e níveis de deficiências de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e B. Conclui - se que: os níveis de nutrientes em folhas sadias e com sintomas de deficiência são: N -2,22 e 1,53%, P - 0,17 e 0,05%; K - 1,32 e 0,22%, Ca - 0,9¹* e 0,52%, Mg - 0,37 60,06%, S - 0,18 e 0,08%, B - 62 e 2k ppm. Os níveis de deficiência em folhas,a fome oculta" são: N - 1,74%, P - 0,07%, K - 0,30%, Ca - 0,65%, Mg - 0,09%, S - 0,09%, B-33ppm.

In order to obtain the following informations: a) dry matter production and extraction of nutrients by the fruits at different ages; b) dry matter production and extraction of nutrient by the leaves and "trunk + branches" collected at the flowering stage; c) dry matter production and export of nutrients by pruning (leaves and branches) at the begining dormant stage; A trial was conducted on Latossolo Vermelho Escuro Orto group (Orthox) at Buri, São Paulo State, Brazil. The material was collected from 'Ohio Beauty' and 'Brazil' apples grafted on 'Doucin' 1-2; 3-4; 4-5 and 6-7 years old. The main conclusions were as follows: a) differences were observed on dry matter production by two varieties at the different stages of growth; b) differences were also observed between the two varieties on the matter production in the leaves and "trunk + branches" at the flowering stage, as well as by the leaves and branches pruned at the begining of dormant stages; c) differences were observed betwen the two varieties concerning to nutrient concentration (on dry matter basis) on the fruits collected at different stages of growth. Same results were observed on leaves and "trunk + branches" collected at flowering period; d) differences were observed on the exportation of the nutrients referring to growth period of fruit; e) at the flowering and dormant period, differences were observed on the contents of nutrients in the leaves, 'trunk + branches', on the two varieties; f) the nutrient exportation by the fruits obyed the following order: K>;N>;P>;S>;Ca>;Mg>;Fe>;B >; Cu >; Mn >; Zn >; Mo; g) the nutrient extration by the aerial part the apple trees obyed the following order: N >; K >; Ca >; Mg >; P >; S >; Fe >; B >; Cu = Mn = Zn.